Tariffs are up. Tariffs are down. Shipping is frozen. Shipping is back on.

关税涨了又降。航运停了又恢复。

In the past several weeks, Chinese imports to the U.S. have been on a seesaw, leaving Americans uncertain how tariffs will affect their lives.

在过去的几周里，中国对美国的出口如过山车般波动，让美国民众不确定关税将如何影响他们的生活。

It’s impossible to say what tariffs will do to the price or availability of any particular item, although even the Trump administration’s current level of 30 percent tariffs — on top of previous levies — will certainly make many things more expensive.

虽然难以精确预测具体商品的价格波动与供应情况，但即便不考虑既往关税，仅特朗普政府当前加征的30%的关税就必然推高诸多商品价格。

But thanks to detailed trade data, we know what Americans buy from China, and how much of it, and thus what might be most sensitive to future swings in trade status.

不过，借助详细的贸易数据，我们得以了解美国人从中国买了什么，买了多少，从而判断哪些领域最容易受贸易政策波动冲击。

Here are several ways of understanding what’s on those container ships, based on 2024 data from the U.S. International Trade Commission.

根据美国国际贸易委员会2024年的数据，我们可透过以下几种方式解析这些集装箱船上的货物构成。

First, the products where the greatest share of our imports are Chinese imports:

首先，我们来看看中国进口占比最高的商品类别：

This list is the simplest way to think about which Chinese goods the U.S. relies on most. But percentages aren’t everything. Americans buy so much from China that even goods with smaller imported shares from there could still be significantly affected by tariffs.

这份清单最直观地体现了美国对哪些中国商品依赖最深。但百分比并不代表一切。美国人从中国购买了如此多的商品，即便占比较小的商品也可能受到关税的严重影响。

This list skews slightly toward more expensive goods that the average American purchases infrequently, particularly electronics. But the International Trade Commission also tracks how many of each good the U.S. imports.

这份清单稍微偏向于美国人不常购买的昂贵商品，尤其是电子产品。但美国国际贸易委员会也会追踪每种商品的进口数量。

In that list, you can see Americans’ well-documented reliance on China for plastic products.

通过这张清单，你可以看到美国人对中国塑料产品的依赖。

Many of America’s major imports from China are consumer goods: things you buy for yourself, like clothes, housewares or entertainment. Drill down into those categories and specific products stand out.

美国从中国进口的主要商品中有许多是消费品：比如衣服、家庭用品或娱乐用品等自用商品。深入研究这些类别，会发现一些特定产品显得尤为突出。

For example, American wardrobes are somewhat dependent on China: about a fifth of U.S. clothing imports. But a majority of neckties and gloves and pantyhose are imported from China.

例如，美国人的衣橱在某种程度上依赖中国制造：美国大约五分之一的服装从中国进口。但在领带、手套和连裤袜等细分类别，中国产品占比超过半数。

The U.S. is more reliant on China for things made with polyester and nylon (like pantyhose) than for those made with cotton.

美国对中国聚酯和尼龙制品（如连裤袜）的依赖程度高于棉质制品。

Athletes, especially racket-sport players, are also dependent on China:

体育用品，尤其是球拍类体育装备，也依赖中国。

There are also consumer-goods categories whose “Made in China” status may not be as well known. For example, the U.S. gets a lot of its imported string instruments — such as violins and cellos — from China.

还有一些消费品类别的“中国制造”地位可能不那么为人所知。例如，美国进口的小提琴、大提琴等弦乐器大量产自中国。

The Japanese company Yamaha manufactures some of its instruments in China, including trumpets and drums.

日本雅马哈公司将一些乐器的生产线放在中国，包括小号和鼓。

The U.S. also relies on China for many of its vitamins …

美国的许多维生素也依赖中国。

… and eels. (China has a robust eel farming industry.)

……还有鳗鱼。（中国的鳗鱼养殖业非常发达。）

Then there are the goods that the U.S. imports primarily to put inside other things, like car parts.

再有，美国进口的商品主要用来装在其他东西里，比如汽车零部件。

The U.S. relies heavily on Chinese imports to build electric vehicles in particular: Some 70 percent of its imported lithium-ion batteries are from China.

美国在电动汽车制造领域严重依赖中国进口：大约70%的进口锂离子电池来自中国。

Even batteries made in the U.S. often rely on raw materials from China, particularly graphite. (China tightened its export controls on graphite at the end of last year, so this year’s numbers could end up looking very different.)

即使是美国制造的电池也常常依赖中国的原材料，尤其是石墨。（中国在去年底收紧了对石墨的出口管制，因此今年的数据可能会有很大不同。）

Mr. Trump’s newest tariffs are not the only levies imposed on Chinese goods, and there’s a complicated interplay of which tariffs apply to which products. Some goods that a lot of Americans buy received exemptions from the latest tariffs (though perhaps not future ones), including one item the U.S. imports almost exclusively from China: children’s books.

特朗普的最新关税并非针对中国商品的唯一征税举措，而且哪种关税适用于哪种产品存在复杂的相互作用。很多美国人购买的一些商品在最新的关税中获得了豁免（尽管未来可能未必），其中包括一种美国几乎完全从中国进口的商品：童书。

That’s a window into what Americans buy from China. But for some imports, the U.S. doesn’t rely on China. It’s a list that includes large vehicles, precious metals and tomatoes, all of which America imports largely from other countries.

这是了解美国人从中国购买什么的一个窗口。但某些进口商品，美国并不依赖中国。这份清单包括大型汽车、贵金属和西红柿，美国主要从其他国家进口这些产品。

It’s also worth noting what America exports to China. Though the U.S. sends fewer goods to China than it receives, these could still be affected in a trade war. (China has been instituting its own exemptions, which are broader than those of the U.S.)

美国对中国的出口也值得注意。尽管美国向中国出口的商品少于进口的商品，但这些商品仍可能受到贸易战的影响。（中国一直在制定自己的豁免政策，其范围比美国更广。）