Days before meeting President Trump in South Korea, the Chinese leader Xi Jinping laid out the next stage in a strategy of long-term competition with the United States and the West that centers on securing a global lead in advanced manufacturing and technology.

在赴韩国与特朗普总统会面的几天前，中国领导人习近平阐述了中国下一阶段的战略方向：在与美国及西方的长期竞争中，要把重点放在确保中国在先进制造和科技领域取得全球领先地位。

The plan makes clear that Beijing wants to double down on industrial and technological strength even as its trading partners worry that China’s expanding exports are undercutting their own industries.

这一规划清楚地表明，北京意在进一步加强工业和技术实力，即便中国的贸易伙伴正担忧，中国不断扩张的出口正在削弱他们自身的产业竞争力。

China must “seize the window of opportunity to consolidate and expand our strengths, break past bottlenecks and surmount weaknesses, to gain the strategic initiative in intense international competition,” Mr. Xi told the party’s Central Committee — its council of several hundred senior officials — last week, according to a statement that was released Tuesday.

根据周二发布的公告，习近平上周在向由数百名高层官员组成的决策机构——中央政治局——发表讲话时表示，中国必须“抓住这个时间窗口，巩固拓展优势、破除瓶颈制约、补强短板弱项，在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略主动”。

Mr. Trump is trying to use punishing tariffs to press manufacturers of vehicles, electronics and other goods to shift from China to the United States. Other industrial economies, including Japan and South Korea, worry that China’s growing exports are squeezing their companies.

特朗普则试图通过施加严厉关税，迫使汽车、电子产品等制造商从中国转移到美国。包括日本和韩国在内的其他工业化经济体也担心中国不断增长的出口正在挤压本国企业的生存空间。

Many economists have also urged China to devote much more spending to building a social safety net so its citizens have the confidence to spend more. But an outline of China’s next five-year plan, covering 2026 to 2030, shows that Mr. Xi’s vision of national strength in the face of tough global competition remains focused on manufacturing and innovation, which he believes will bring more prosperity to the country’s people.

许多经济学家也敦促中国加大社会安全网建设投入，以增强民众消费信心。但涵盖2026至2030年的下一个五年规划的纲要显示，面对严峻的国际竞争，习近平构建国家实力的愿景仍然聚焦于制造业和创新，他相信这将为中国人民带来更大繁荣。

“The balance of global power is undergoing profound readjustment, and breakthroughs in a new phase of technological revolution and industrial transformation are accelerating,” says the summary of the plan, which was approved by officials at the meeting.

该规划的摘要中写道：“世界百年变局加速演进，国际力量对比深刻调整，新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破。”这份规划已在此次会议上获得官员们的一致通过。

“Unilateralism and protectionism are raising their heads, and the threats from hegemony and power politics are escalating,” the document stated, using terms that in Chinese political speak allude to Western dominance.

“单边主义、保护主义抬头，霸权主义和强权政治威胁上升，”摘要里写道，这些措辞在中国政治语境中通常指向西方的主导地位。

Such five-year plans are an important tool for Chinese leaders to set out priorities and steer funds to them.

此类五年规划是中国领导人的重要治理工具，可用于设定政策优先方向，并将资金引导至相关领域。

The plan says China will adopt “extraordinary measures” to pursue breakthroughs in key technologies such as semiconductors, high-end equipment and advanced materials. The document left unclear what “extraordinary measures” meant, but the words conveyed the urgency behind the Chinese leaders’ plans, said Gerard DiPippo, an associate director of the RAND China Research Center who studies the country’s economy.

规划表示，中国将采取“超常规措施”，在半导体、高端装备和先进材料等关键技术领域实现突破。文件并未说明“超常规措施”具体指什么，但兰德中国研究中心副主任、研究中国经济的杰拉尔德·迪皮波表示，这些措辞传达出中国领导人战略布局背后的紧迫感。

“In policy terms, ‘extraordinary measures’ means stepping outside normal bureaucratic and market routines to force breakthroughs in choke-point technologies,” Mr. DiPippo wrote by email. “It reflects Beijing’s mobilization mind-set given the urgency of geopolitical tensions.”

“在政策层面，‘超常规措施’意味着要跳出常规的行政程序和市场运作，强行在‘卡脖子’技术上取得突破。”迪皮波在电子邮件中写道。“这反映了在当前激烈的地缘政治紧张局势下，北京所采取的一种动员式思维模式。”

Mr. Xi is scheduled to meet Mr. Trump on Thursday for talks focused on defusing their trade tensions, including over U.S. tariffs and China’s sweeping export controls on rare earths, which are used in many advanced technologies, commercial and military.

习近平定于周四与特朗普举行会谈，重点讨论如何缓和双方的贸易紧张关系，包括美国的关税以及中国对稀土的全面出口管制。稀土广泛用于众多先进技术、商业和军事领域。

Mr. Xi and Mr. Trump may agree to a truce that includes pulling back U.S. tariffs and pausing China’s latest export controls. But the plan suggests that Beijing will continue working on using export controls to defend its economic and security interests.

习近平和特朗普可能会就贸易争端达成休战协议，其中包括美国回撤关税，以及中国暂缓执行最新的出口管制。但这份规划表明，北京将继续推进利用出口管制来维护其经济与安全利益。

The Chinese government “will improve export control and security review mechanisms,” it says. A section on national security goals also noted that China would “enhance the exploration, development and creation of reserves of strategic mineral resources.”

文件明确指出，中国政府将“完善出口管制和安全审查机制”。在国家安全目标的章节中还提到，中国将“加强战略性矿产资源勘探开发和储备”。

The plan says that China will do more to expand domestic consumption, and calls for “a marked increase” in household spending and a “sustained strengthening of domestic demand as a primary driver of economic growth.”

这份规划表示，中国将进一步扩大内需，要求实现家庭支出“明显提高”，以及“内需拉动经济增长主动力作用持续增强”。

But China’s strategy for expanding consumer spending differed from the approach that some Western economists support, which puts a priority on greater spending for health care and other welfare outlays, so that people have more money and confidence to purchase goods and services, Mr. DiPippo said.

但迪皮波指出，中国扩大消费的战略与一些西方经济学家所主张的方法不同。后者主张优先增加医疗保健等社会福利支出，从而提升居民的消费能力与信心。

To Chinese leaders, the country is unable to spur domestic consumption not from a lack of money for spending but because “the services aren’t of sufficient quality to meet their demands,” he said.

他表示，在中国领导人看来，国内消费之所以难以提振，并不是因为人们手里没有钱可花，而是因为“服务供给的质量不足以满足他们的需求”。

“This approach maps onto their top goal of building a modern industrial system,” Mr. DiPippo said. “For Beijing, strong consumption is an outcome to be achieved through improving the productive side of the economy.”

“这种思路与他们建设现代化产业体系这一最高目标相一致，”迪皮波说。“对于北京来说，强劲的消费是通过提升经济生产端来实现的结果。”