China on Tuesday said it would restrict exports to Japanese companies with ties to the defense industry, the latest escalation in Beijing’s monthslong feud with Tokyo over Taiwan.

中国周二宣布将限制向与国防工业有关联的日本企业出口商品，这是北京与东京围绕台湾问题持续数月争端的最新升级。

China’s commerce ministry said in a statement that it would block the export of all “dual-use” items to 20 entities, including Mitsubishi Heavy Industries; JAXA, the Japanese space agency; and the National Defense Academy of Japan, a military training university. Dual-use products are those that have both civilian and military purposes.

中国商务部在声明中表示，将禁止向包括三菱重工、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构及军事培训院校日本防卫大学在内的20家实体出口所有“两用”物品。两用产品指兼具民用和军用功能的商品。

The restrictions are meant to thwart Japan’s efforts to expand its military as well as to exert economic pressure. Beijing has ratcheted up pressure on Tokyo since November, when Japan’s prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, said that Japan could help defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion. China considers Taiwan, a self-governing democracy, part of its territory.

此举旨在阻挠日本扩军计划并施加经济压力。自去年11月日本首相高市早苗宣称若中国入侵台湾可协助台湾防卫以来，北京持续对东京施压。中国视实行自治的民主政体台湾为其领土的一部分。

China’s restrictions could include rare earths, metals that are used in devices ranging from electric vehicle motors to missile systems. During a territorial dispute in 2010, Beijing stopped the export of rare earths to Japan for a couple of months, rattling its economy.

中国的限制措施可能涉及稀土，这种金属广泛应用于电动汽车电机至导弹系统等设备。2010年领土争端期间，北京曾暂停对日稀土出口数月，对日本经济造成了冲击。

China’s commerce ministry said it was targeting the Japanese entities because they “participate in enhancing Japan’s military capabilities.” The ministry said another 20 Japanese firms, including the automaker Subaru, would be added to a watch list, making it more difficult to obtain Chinese goods.

中国商务部称，之所以针对这些日本实体，是因为它们“参与提升日本军事能力”。该部表示，包括汽车制造商斯巴鲁在内的另外20家日本企业将被列入观察名单，这将使它们更难获得中国商品。

“These measures aim to prevent Japan’s ‘re-militarization’ and nuclear ambitions and are fully justifiable, reasonable and lawful,” the ministry said in a statement.

该部在一份声明中说，这些措施“目的是制止日本‘再军事化’和拥核企图，完全正当合理合法”。

The Japanese government said that China’s export controls “deviate significantly from international practice and are absolutely unacceptable.”

日本政府表示，中国的出口管制“严重背离国际惯例，是绝对不可接受的”。

“We have strongly protested these measures and demanded their withdrawal,” Kei Sato, a cabinet official, said at a news conference in Tokyo.

“我们已强烈抗议这些措施并要求撤销，”内阁官员佐藤启在东京的新闻发布会上说。

In Japan, Subaru and Mitsubishi also produce aircraft and machinery and they have contracts with Japan’s military, the Self-Defense Forces.

在日本，斯巴鲁和三菱也生产飞机和机械，并与日本自卫队签订了合同。

The restrictions come at a tense geopolitical moment in Asia. Ms. Takaichi, an outspoken critic of China, has promised to raise Japan’s military spending to 2 percent of gross domestic product this spring. Japan believes that it must modernize its forces to keep up with China’s rising military clout in the region.

此番限制出台之际，亚洲地缘政治局势正趋紧张。直言批评中国的高市早苗承诺，在今年春季将日本军费开支提高到国内生产总值的2%。日本认为必须实现军队现代化，才能跟上中国在该地区日益增强的军事影响力。

China has denounced Japan’s defense buildup. In appealing to Western nations, Chinese officials have invoked Japan’s aggression during World War II, saying that it must be contained.

中国谴责日本的国防建设。在向西方国家发出呼吁时，中国官员援引日本在二战期间的侵略历史，称日本必须受到遏制。

Jean-Pierre Cabestan, a researcher at the Asia Center in Paris, said China’s restrictions were aimed at showing that Beijing would not back down. Chinese officials are working to put pressure on Ms. Takaichi, who recently won a sweeping mandate from voters for her hard-line agenda, ahead of her visit next month to Washington to meet with President Trump, he said.

巴黎亚洲中心研究员让-皮埃尔·卡贝斯坦说，中国的限制措施旨在表明北京不会退让。他说，中国官员正努力在高市早苗下月访问华盛顿与特朗普总统会晤之前向她施压，她最近因其强硬议程赢得了选民的压倒性支持。

“China is making a big fuss over the militarization of Japan, which is nothing new or unusual,” he said. “Takaichi is just increasing some of the expenditures to make the Japanese Self-Defense Forces more credible.”

“中国围绕日本军事化小题大做，这不是新鲜事，也不稀奇，”他表示。“高市早苗只是增加部分开支，以提升日本自卫队的可信度。”

Mr. Cabestan said that Chinese officials were also appealing to a domestic audience. Targeting Japan’s defense industry is an easy way to fan nationalism, he said, and can help “glue everyone together around the Communist Party and the leadership.”

卡贝斯坦指出，中国官员也在迎合国内受众。他指出，针对日本国防工业是煽动民族主义的便捷手段，有助于“将所有人团结在共产党和领导层周围”。

Beijing has in recent months restricted Japanese seafood imports, discouraged tourism to Japan and canceled mainland performances by Japanese artists.

近月来，北京限制日本海产品进口、打压赴日旅游，并取消日本艺人在中国大陆的演出。