The United States and China called off a fight over commercial shipping on Monday, but the truce could weaken Washington’s efforts to curb China’s rise as a maritime power.

周一，美中两国叫停了一场围绕商业航运的争端，但这一休战可能削弱美国遏制中国崛起为海事强国的努力。

President Trump had recently started imposing fees on Chinese commercial ships when they docked in American ports. The policy was designed to limit the use of Chinese vessels for transporting goods to the United States.

特朗普总统原本近来开始对停靠美国港口的中国商用船舶收费，这项政策旨在限制使用中国船舶向美国运输货物。

China retaliated with similar levies on American vessels. But the countries agreed to suspend the fees for a year as part of their recent trade pact. They announced on Monday that fee collection had stopped.

中国随即采取报复措施，对美国船舶征收类似费用。但两国在最新达成的贸易协议中同意暂停征收该费用一年。周一，双方宣布已停止收费。

The decision to halt the fees showed that Mr. Trump’s efforts to revive American shipyards, which produce almost no large commercial vessels, face obstacles. He has promised a maritime action plan, due last week, to support shipyards and train up mariners.

暂停收费的决定表明，特朗普重振美国造船业的努力面临阻碍——美国造船厂几乎不生产大型商用船舶。他曾承诺推出一项海事行动计划，原本应于上周公布，旨在支持造船厂并培养船员。

China made 60 percent of the world’s large vessels in 2024, up from 44 percent five years earlier, according to BRS Shipbrokers. China has produced over 700 large commercial vessels this year and the United States just one, according to BRS.

据船舶经纪公司BRS数据，2024年中国建造了全球60%的大型船舶，较五年前的44%大幅提升。今年中国已制造了700多艘大型商用船舶，而美国仅制造了一艘。

China’s shipyards, benefiting from significant government support, have in recent years overtaken those of South Korea and Japan, two big shipbuilding nations.

得益于政府的大力支持，中国造船厂近年来已超越韩国和日本这两大造船强国。

The United States imposed fees not just on Chinese shipping companies, which had been expected to pay hundreds of millions of dollars in levies, but also on large vessels made in China. Many of the largest shipping companies that transport goods to the United States — like France’s CMA CGM — own vessels made in China.

美国的收费不仅针对中国航运公司（这些公司原本预计要支付数亿美元费用），还涵盖中国制造的大型船舶。许多向美国运输货物的大型航运公司——比如法国达飞海运集团——都拥有中国制造的船舶。

The U.S. fees stemmed from a trade investigation that began under the Biden administration, and they had bipartisan support. Their supporters criticized the Trump administration for putting them on hold.

美国的这项收费源于拜登政府时期启动的一项贸易调查，且获得了两党支持。赞同收费者批评特朗普政府的叫停决定。

“We want to blunt China’s dominance of this industry,” said Michael Roberts, a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute, a right-leaning research organization. “So it’s a disappointment in that respect.”

“我们希望遏制中国在该行业的主导地位，”右翼研究机构哈德逊研究所高级研究员迈克尔·罗伯茨表示，“从这个角度来看，当前结果令人失望。”

Senator Tammy Baldwin, Democrat of Wisconsin, said in a statement that China’s unfair policies had undercut American shipbuilding workers. “Instead of holding China accountable, the president folded, leaving American workers behind,” she added.

威斯康星州民主党参议员塔米·鲍德温在声明中称，中国的不公平政策损害了美国造船工人的利益。“总统没有让中国承担责任，反而妥协退让，抛弃了美国工人，”她还说。

The White House did not respond when asked why it had halted the fees, and whether it had given up too much.

当被问及为何暂停收费、是否让步过多时，白宫未予回应。

Asked when Mr. Trump’s maritime action plan might appear, Anna Kelly, a White House spokeswoman, said the president had established an “Office of Shipbuilding” and to “stay tuned!”

被问及特朗普的海事行动计划何时出台时，白宫发言人安娜·凯利表示，总统已成立“造船办公室”，并请“持续关注”。

Supporters of the fees hoped that they would deter shipping companies from buying the Chinese vessels and thus push ship orders to South Korea, Japan and, eventually, the United States.

收费政策的支持者原本希望，这些费用能阻止航运公司购买中国船舶，从而将船舶订单转向韩国、日本，最终流向美国。

The ultimate fate of the fees is not clear. The Office of the United States Trade Representative, the agency that formulated the policy, said on Sunday that it would negotiate with China over the issues raised in the investigation that had led to the fees.

这些费用的最终命运尚不明朗。制定该政策的美国贸易代表办公室周日表示，将与中国就引发收费调查的相关问题进行磋商。

“While taking these actions, the United States will continue its domestic efforts and its discussions with key allies and partners on revitalizing American shipbuilding,” the office said in a news release.

“在采取这些行动的同时，美国将继续推进国内相关努力，并与主要盟友和伙伴探讨重振美国造船业的事宜。”该办公室在新闻稿中称。

A bill in Congress aimed at improving American commercial shipbuilding — called the SHIPS for America Act — intended to use the fees on Chinese ships to subsidize the creation of a new fleet of American cargo vessels.

国会旨在改善美国商用造船业的法案——《美国船舶法案》——计划将对中国船舶征收的费用用于补贴新建美国货船船队。

Asked where the money to finance the fleet would come from if the fee revenue did not exist, Senator Todd Young, Republican of Indiana and a co-sponsor of the bill, said the legislation envisioned other ways to raise money.

当被问及如果没有收费收入，船队资金将从何而来时，该法案的共同发起人、印第安纳州共和党参议员托德·扬表示，法案规划了其他筹资渠道。

“Regardless of whether this suspension moves forward, the SHIPS Act is critical to rebuilding America’s commercial shipping industry and vital to our national security,” Mr. Young said in a statement.

“无论此次暂停收费是否推进，《美国船舶法案》对重建美国商用航运业至关重要，对我们的国家安全也不可或缺。”扬在声明中说。

American ships can cost as much as four times those made in Asia, and, as a result, there is little demand for them. The shipping companies that buy large American vessels do so essentially because they have to. The companies transport goods from one American port to another, voyages that, under U.S. law, must be done by American-made ships crewed by Americans.

美国船舶的成本可能高达亚洲制造的四倍，因此几乎没有市场需求。购买美国大型船舶的航运公司本质上是出于强制要求——根据美国法律，在美港口之间运输货物的船舶必须是美国制造且由美国船员驾驶。

But there are signs that Mr. Trump’s shipbuilding push is gaining some traction.

但有迹象表明，特朗普推动造船业发展的努力正在产生一定成效。

Companies from South Korea say they intend to make ships in the United States and invest in American shipyards. Hanwha, a South Korean conglomerate, has said it wants to expand the shipyard in Philadelphia that it bought last year.

韩国企业表示有意在美国造船并投资美国造船厂。韩国韩华集团称，计划扩大去年收购的费城造船厂规模。

When retaliating against the American shipping fees, China said it had put five American subsidiaries of Hanwha on its sanctions list, accusing them of “supporting and assisting” the United States in its moves in the shipbuilding industry.

中国在报复美国航运收费时，将韩华集团的五家美国子公司列入制裁名单，指控它们“支持和协助”美国在造船业的相关举措。

On Monday, China said it was suspending the sanctions on the Hanwha entities for a year.

周一，中国宣布暂停对韩华相关实体的制裁，为期一年。

“We are aware of China’s Ministry of Commerce’s announcement, and we will continue to work to deliver for our maritime customers around the world,” James Hewitt, a spokesman for Hanwha Global Defense, said in a statement.

“我们已知悉中国商务部的公告，将继续努力为全球海事客户提供服务，”韩华全球防务发言人詹姆斯·休伊特在声明中说。