After a drizzly hike through one of Japan’s lush mountain ranges earlier this year, Luigi Mangione, a computer engineer in his mid-20s who had set off on a long solo trip to Asia, paused to record a voice message to a friend he had met while traveling abroad.

今年早些时候，20多岁的计算机工程师路易吉·曼吉奥尼在细雨中徒步走过了日本的一片繁茂山峦，停下来给一位在国外旅行时认识的朋友录了一段语音。这是他独自一人在亚洲的漫长旅行的一部分。

Making his way that day along a river gorge in the Nara region, Mr. Mangione had fled his day-to-day life in Hawaii to soak in hot springs, meditate, catch up on books and do some writing of his own.

那天，曼吉奥尼沿着奈良地区的河谷前行，他逃离了夏威夷的日常生活，去泡温泉、冥想、读书，还有自己的写作。

“I want some time to Zen out,” Mr. Mangione said in the recorded message on April 27, his voice quiet and contemplative.

“我想放空一段时间，”曼吉奥尼在4月27日录制的信息中说道，他的声音安静而深沉。

It would be one of his last communications before he abruptly cut ties with a wide range of friends and family, who eventually set out on a desperate hunt to track him down. Seven months later, Mr. Mangione emerged from his isolation as the suspect in the brazen assassination of Brian Thompson, the chief executive of UnitedHealthcare, on a sidewalk in Manhattan.

这是他最后一次与人交流，之后他突然与众多朋友和家人断绝了联系，他们最终会开始拼命寻找他的下落。七个月后，曼吉奥尼结束与世隔绝的生活，成为在曼哈顿人行道上明目张胆刺杀联合健康保险公司首席执行官布莱恩·汤普森的嫌疑人。

Police investigators have been scrambling to trace Mr. Mangione’s movements not only in the days before the Dec. 4 shooting, but also in the months that preceded it — a period that has been shrouded in mystery.

警方调查人员正抓紧时间回溯曼吉奥尼的行踪，不仅是在12月4日枪击案发生前几天，还要包括之前的几个月——这段时间一直笼罩在神秘之中。

But in new records and messages reviewed by The New York Times, along with interviews with a wide range of people who knew Mr. Mangione, a more complete picture has emerged of a young man struggling with debilitating medical problems and increasingly disillusioned with the society he lived in.

但通过《纽约时报》查阅到的新记录和信息，以及对认识曼吉奥尼的众多人士的采访，渐渐可以勾勒出一个更完整的形象：一个正受到严重健康问题困扰的年轻人，对他所生活的社会日渐感到幻灭。

路易吉·曼吉奥尼周一在宾夕法尼亚州被提审。他被控在汤普森的死亡案中犯有二级谋杀罪。

Friends and family members have been left bewildered by the jarring transformation of a young man who had seemed destined for a life of achievement. He was the valedictorian at his elite prep school in Maryland and a computer science graduate of the University of Pennsylvania’s acclaimed engineering program, with wide-ranging social connections and significant ambition.

一个原本似乎注定要成就一番事业的年轻人发生了如此惊人的转变，令他的朋友和家人困惑不已。他是马里兰州一所精英预科学校的毕业生代表，是一名曾就读于宾夕法尼亚大学备受赞誉的工程课程的计算机科学毕业生，拥有广泛的社会关系和远大的抱负。

But in recent years, his writings and messages also traced a darker journey, as he transitioned from a teenager who celebrated how his fellow students had secured an extra recess to a young man who reported being in “unbearable pain.” He frequently expressed alarm over the world’s increasing reliance on smartphones and social media.

但近年来，他的文章和信息也记录了一段更黑暗的旅程，他从一个庆祝同学们获得额外休息时间的青少年，变成了坦言自己“痛苦难忍”的青年。经常对世界日益依赖智能手机和社交媒体表示警惕。

During his trip to Asia, he lashed out at the “modern Japanese urban environment,” claiming that sex toys, automated restaurants and a more general lack of “natural human interaction” were responsible for falling birthrates and a dearth of human connection.

在亚洲之行期间，他猛烈抨击“现代日本城市环境”，声称性玩具、自动化餐厅以及更广泛层面上的“自然的人际交往”匮乏是导致出生率下降和人际疏离的原因。

More and more, he expressed frustration that society at large seemed incapable of addressing these longstanding problems, and he expressed interest in those who said that violence might be a necessary next step.

他越来越多地表达了对整个社会似乎无法解决这些长期问题的沮丧，并对那些认为暴力可能是下一步必要措施的人表示了兴趣。

In his possession at the time of his arrest in Altoona, Pa., the police said, were writings that captured his recent reflections and condemned a multibillion-dollar health care industry that he said had put profits ahead of extending lives: “Frankly, these parasites simply had it coming.”

警方称，在宾夕法尼亚州阿尔图纳逮捕他时，他身上有他最近反思的文字，其中谴责了价值数十亿美元的医疗保健行业，他说该行业将利润置于延长生命之上：“坦率地说，这些寄生虫就是自找的。”

Mr. Mangione is now charged with second-degree murder in the death of Mr. Thompson, the health care executive. His defense lawyer, Thomas Dickey, said his client was legally presumed innocent and urged the public to keep an open mind about whether he committed the crime.

曼吉奥尼目前因杀害医保公司高管汤普森被控二级谋杀罪。他的辩护律师托马斯·迪基表示，他的当事人在法律上被推定无罪，并敦促公众对他是否犯下罪行保持开放态度。

‘Life-Halting’ Medical Trouble

导致“生活停滞”的健康问题

Mr. Mangione’s medical struggles seemed to escalate during his studies at the University of Pennsylvania, where he joined a fraternity that focused less on partying and more on academics, compared with other organizations on campus. Not that he wasn’t up for a party: One video from his campus years shows him gleefully bursting a beer can open with his head.

曼吉奥尼的医疗问题似乎在宾夕法尼亚大学学习期间加剧，在那里，他加入了一个与校园里的其他组织相比更注重学术而非派对的兄弟会。并不是说他不喜欢派对：他在校园时的一段视频显示，他兴高采烈地用脑门砸开一罐啤酒。

But underneath Mr. Mangione’s friendly, accomplished exterior, he was struggling to adapt to college. He wrote on social media that his fraternity’s “hell week,” despite being “very tame,” had disturbed his sleep cycle and drastically worsened symptoms of “brain fog” that he had been experiencing since high school. What in the past had been minor disorientation, he wrote, was now upending his life.

但在友好、杰出的外表下，曼吉奥尼其实难以适应大学生活。他在社交媒体上写道，兄弟会的“地狱周”尽管“相当平淡”，却还是扰乱了他的睡眠，并严重恶化了他自高中以来一直经历的“脑雾”症状。他写道，过去只是轻微的迷乱，现在却在彻底毁掉他的生活。

Once a straight-A student, Mr. Mangione wrote in a series of since-removed posts on Reddit that he suddenly saw his grades slipping. Lectures and books were perplexing, and he struggled to focus even on YouTube videos. He tried playing chess with a roommate, but he could not conjure basic strategies to win.

曾经是全优生的曼吉奥尼在Reddit上的一系列帖子中写道，他的成绩突然下滑。课堂和书本让他感到困惑，他甚至很难集中注意力看YouTube视频。他试着和室友下棋，但他想不出最起码的取胜策略。

“It’s absolutely brutal to have such a life-halting issue, especially since the issue itself wears down the critical/logical thinking mind you’d usually use to tackle it,” he wrote. “The people around you probably won’t understand your symptoms — they certainly don’t for me.”

“有这样一个生活停滞不前的问题真是太残酷了，尤其是这个问题本身会削弱你通常用来解决问题的审辩/逻辑思维能力，”他写道。“你周围的人可能不会理解你的症状——反正我身边肯定是这样。”

Quitting His Job

辞职

曼吉奥尼毕业于宾夕法尼亚大学，就读该校备受赞誉的工程专业。

As the pandemic arrived during his senior year in 2020, and students finished the semester off campus, Mr. Mangione completed both a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree simultaneously. He soon secured a job at TrueCar, a California-based tech company that connects car buyers and sellers.

2020年，新冠疫情在他大四那年到来，学生们在校外完成了这个学期的学业，而曼吉奥尼则同时完成了学士和硕士学位。他很快在TrueCar找到了一份工作，这是一家位于加州的科技公司，为汽车买家和卖家牵线搭桥。

Able to work remotely, Mr. Mangione moved in early 2022 to Honolulu, settling into a co-living space on the 40th floor of a high-rise near Waikiki, Hawaii. He had a private room in a complex that included a stocked kitchen, a joint living area and a stash of surfboards available for anybody to use.

由于能够远程工作，曼吉奥尼于2022年初搬到了檀香山，住进位于夏威夷威基基附近一栋高层建筑40层的共享生活空间。除了他自己的私人房间，这个综合空间里还包括一个储备充足的厨房、一个共同起居区和一堆可供任何人使用的冲浪板。

But soon after, his medical troubles worsened following a group surfing lesson, and he complained that he had strained his back. Mr. Mangione told friends that he had long struggled with a spinal problem.

但不久之后，他的病情在一次集体冲浪课后恶化了，他说他拉伤了背。曼吉奥尼告诉朋友，他的脊椎长期有问题。

“His spine was kind of misaligned,” said R.J. Martin, who had founded the co-living space and grew to be friends with Mr. Mangione. “He said his lower vertebrae were almost like a half-inch off, and I think it pinched a nerve. Sometimes he’d be doing well and other times not.” In July 2023, Mr. Mangione wrote in a Reddit post that he had also slipped on a piece of paper, which caused more problems.

“他的脊椎有点错位，”这个共享生活空间的创始人、后来和曼吉奥尼成为朋友的R·J·马丁说。“他说他的下椎骨错位了几乎有半英寸，我觉得是神经被压住了。他的状态时好时坏。”2023年7月，曼吉奥尼在Reddit上发帖称，他还踩到一张纸滑倒，导致问题加重。

For months, the suffering continued as he consulted with doctors and tried a variety of noninvasive remedies. He quit his job in early 2023, telling a friend that while it paid well, it was “mind-numbingly boring.” He said he wanted to spend more time doing yoga and reading.

几个月来，他一直在咨询医生，尝试各种非侵入性疗法，但疼痛仍在继续。2023年初，他辞去了工作，他对朋友说，这份工作虽然薪水很高，但“无聊透顶”。他说他想花更多时间做瑜伽和看书。

But it is not clear how he paid for health care after that. In May, he turned 26, meaning that he could have been kicked off his parents’ health insurance plan. The family has not discussed his insurance coverage, and has declined requests for interviews, but a representative for UnitedHealthcare said on Thursday that Mr. Mangione did not have health insurance through that company.

但不清楚在那之后他是如何支付医疗费用的。他于今年5月满26岁，这意味着他可能会被踢出父母的医疗保险计划。他的家人没有讨论他的保险覆盖，也拒绝了采访请求，但联合医疗的一名代表周四表示，曼吉奥尼没有通过该公司获得医疗保险。

His mind seemed to be on more philosophical matters by then.

当时他的心思似乎在一些比较哲学的问题上。

Mr. Mangione had always been a voracious reader, consuming everything from self-help books to George Orwell’s “1984,” at times scribbling extensive notes or typing up outlines that would summarize the author’s views and how they might apply to his own life.

曼吉奥尼一直是一个如饥如渴的读者，从励志书籍到乔治·奥威尔的《1984》，他什么都读，有时会做大量笔记，或者列出提纲，总结作者的观点，以及如何将这些观点应用于他自己的生活。

“Reflect on how current work can positively impact society,” he wrote while reading “Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance,” a book about how to overcome setbacks by intentionally cultivating tenacity.

他在阅读《勇气——激情与毅力的力量》(Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance)时写道：“想想当前的工作如何对社会产生积极影响。”这本书讲述了如何有意识地培养坚韧的品质，从而克服挫折。

Among his friends in Hawaii, he helped start a book club that began meeting in 2023. Mr. Mangione pushed for readings by Tim Urban, a writer and illustrator whose blog Wait, But Why, a compendium of science writing and cultural musings, is popular with Gen Z techies. The group also read “The Ape That Understood The Universe,” a favorite of Mr. Mangione’s that explores evolutionary psychology.

他和夏威夷的朋友一起创办了一个读书俱乐部，于2023年开始聚会。曼吉奥尼推荐了作家兼插画家蒂姆·厄本的读物。厄本在他的博客“等等，但是为什么”(Wait, But Why)上发表科学写作和文化思考，很受Z世代技术爱好者的欢迎。他们还阅读了《理解宇宙的猿猴》(The Ape That understanding The Universe)，这是曼吉奥尼最喜欢的一本探讨进化心理学的书。

One focus of his reading was his ongoing back troubles, including “Crooked: Outwitting the Back Pain Industry and Getting on the Road to Recovery.”

他的阅读重点之一和他持续的背部问题有关，包括《弯曲——战胜背痛产业，走上康复之路》(Crooked: Outwitting the Back Pain Industry and Getting on the Road to Recovery)。

In the summer of 2023, he decided it was time to pursue surgery, traveling back to the East Coast for the procedure. On Aug. 10, Mr. Martin texted him to ask how it had gone, and Mr. Mangione texted back a laughing emoji and photos of his spinal X-rays.

2023年夏天，他决定回到东海岸做手术。8月10日，马丁发短信问他情况如何，曼吉奥尼回复了一个笑脸表情符号和他的脊柱X光片。

He reported on Reddit that the procedure was a success and that he could walk and sit just fine within days. He began encouraging others to consider surgery and to push back against doctors who might be wary of surgical solutions. He suggested at one point that people should perhaps tell their doctor that their back troubles were preventing them from working.

他在Reddit上报告说手术很成功，几天后就可以正常走路和坐着了。他鼓励其他人考虑手术，并反对那些可能对手术方案持谨慎态度的医生。他一度建议，人们或许应该告诉他们的医生，他们的背部问题阻碍了他们的工作。

“We live in a capitalist society,” he wrote. “I’ve found that the medical industry responds to these key words far more urgently than you describing unbearable pain and how it’s impacting your quality of life.”

“我们生活在资本主义社会，”他写道。“我发现，比起你去描述无法忍受的疼痛，以及它如何影响你的生活质量，医疗行业对这些关键词的反应要积极的多。”

‘Peaceful Protest Is Outright Ignored’

“和平抗议完全被无视”

Among his friends in Hawaii, there was a growing strain among members of his book group, participants said. Some of them were perturbed by Mr. Mangione’s book selections, which they felt were overly geared toward men and masculine pursuits. Others drifted away after a discussion about whether to read the writings of Ted Kaczynski, the so-called Unabomber, who had carried out a series of bombings over a period of 17 years, beginning in 1978, with the goal of calling attention to the cost to humanity of a world built around technology.

读书小组的参与者说，在他夏威夷的朋友们当中，他和小组成员之间的关系变得尤其紧张。他们中的一些人对曼吉奥尼的选书感到不安，他们觉得这些书过于倾向男性和男性化的追求。还有一些人在小组讨论是否要读泰德·卡钦斯基的作品后离开了。从1978年开始，人称“炸弹客”的卡钦斯基在17年的时间里制造了一系列爆炸事件，目的是呼吁人们关注一个围绕科技建立的世界给人类带来的代价。

Mr. Martin said he was the one who proposed reading Mr. Kaczynski’s 35,000-word manifesto, but Mr. Mangione was also clearly a fan, praising it later on his Goodreads page, and giving it a four-star review. He wrote that while Mr. Kaczynski had been rightfully imprisoned for the bombings, “it’s simply impossible to ignore how prescient many of his predictions about modern society turned out.”

马丁说，是他提议阅读卡钦斯基的3.5万字宣言的，但曼吉奥尼显然也是卡钦斯基的拥趸，后来还在自己的Goodreads页面上称赞了这份宣言，给了四星的评价。他写道，虽然卡钦斯基因爆炸案而入狱是理所应当的，但“他对现代社会的许多预测结果太有先见之明，我们根本无法忽视”。

As part of his review, Mr. Mangione quoted what he described as “interesting” remarks from someone who had written about how companies “have zero qualms about burning down the planet for a buck, so why should we have any qualms about burning them down to survive?”

在他的评论中，曼吉奥尼引用了一个人的话，认为它“很有趣”，这个人写道，企业“为了赚一块钱而不惜烧掉地球，如果我们为了生存要烧掉这些企业，那又算得了什么呢？”

The passage went on, “Peaceful protest is outright ignored, economic protest isn’t possible in the current system, so how long until we recognize that violence against those who lead us to such destruction is justified as self-defense?”

他继续写道：“和平抗议完全被无视，经济抗议在现行制度下是不可能的，所以我们要多久才能认识到，对那些将我们引向这种毁灭的人使用暴力是正当的自卫？”

After his surgery, Mr. Mangione toured the islands of Hawaii, visited family back in Maryland and then, early this year, set off on the trip to Asia, which included stops in Thailand and Japan.

手术后，曼吉奥尼去了夏威夷的许多岛屿旅行，看望了马里兰州的家人，然后在今年年初开始了亚洲之行，其中包括泰国和日本。

He wrote that he found Japan’s densely urban environment to be “an evolutionary mismatch for the human animal.” But he loved the mountains, saying that one of his goals in Asia was to “do some Buddha.”

他写道，他觉得日本密集的城市环境“与人类动物的进化不匹配”。但他喜欢山，说他在亚洲的目标之一是“研究点佛”。

One of the people he spoke to during his travels was Gurwinder Bhogal, a writer who was living in England. The two had a video call for about two hours in early May. Mr. Bhogal recalled Mr. Mangione leaning to the left on some political issues and to the right on others, and that he was interested in effective altruism and wary of smartphone addiction.

他在旅行中与一位住在英国的作家古尔温德·博加尔交谈过。两人在5月初进行了大约两个小时的视频通话。博加尔回忆说，曼吉奥尼在一些政治问题上左倾，在另一些问题上则右倾，他对有效的利他主义很感兴趣，对智能手机成瘾很警惕。

“Overall, the impression I got of him, besides his curiosity and kindness, was a deep concern for the future of humanity, and a determination to improve himself and the world,” Mr. Bhogal said. Mr. Bhogal recalled Mr. Mangione discussing health care briefly — he complained that health care in the United States was too expensive, and said that he envied the nationalized health care system in the United Kingdom.

博加尔说：“总的来说，除了他的好奇心和善良，我对他的印象是对人类未来的深切忧虑，以及改善自己和世界的决心。”博加尔回忆起曼吉奥尼对医疗保险的简短讨论——他抱怨说美国的医疗太贵了，并说他羡慕英国的国有化医疗系统。

A couple weeks later, Mr. Mangione sent another message to the friend he had met while traveling. He was on Mount Omine in Japan, which he noted was known for its tests of courage and also for prohibiting women from climbing it.

几周后，曼吉奥尼又给他在旅行中认识的朋友发了一条信息。他当时在日本的大峰山，他注意到这座山以考验勇气和禁止女性攀登而闻名。

“This mountain is peak misogyny,” he wrote to the friend. But, he added, “I needed to stop getting distracted by women lol.”

“这座山是厌女巅峰了，”他在给朋友的信中写道。但是，他补充说，“我不能老这么因为女人分心哈哈。”

A few days later, on May 25, Mr. Mangione’s Reddit account shows one final post, in which he shared a video on a subreddit dedicated to Mr. Kaczynski. The footage, titled “Streaming Overdose 2024, China,” showed dozens of people lined up along sidewalks, livestreaming themselves.

几天后的5月25日，曼吉奥尼在Reddit上发布了最后一篇帖子，他在Reddit的一个专门纪念卡钦斯基的子版块上分享了一段视频。这段名为“流媒体过量，2024年，中国”的视频显示，数十人在人行道上排成一排，正在直播自己。

曼吉奥尼在汤普森中枪身亡几天后因涉案被捕。

Not long after that, friends started to lose touch with Mr. Mangione. One texted him in June — “Where in the world are you?” — but received no reply. By the end of the summer, family members were reaching out to Mr. Mangione’s past friends, hoping for their help in tracking him down, saying they had not heard from him in months.

不久后，朋友们开始与曼吉奥尼失去联系。六月，有人给他发短信：“你到底在哪里？——但是没有得到回答。夏末，他的家人开始联系曼吉奥尼以前的朋友，希望他们帮忙找他，并说他们已经好几个月没有他的消息了。

His relatives have not discussed when they last heard from him, or why they waited until Nov. 18 to file a missing person’s report in California.

他的亲属没有谈及最后一次听到他的消息是什么时候，也没有说他们为什么要等到11月18日才在加州提交失踪人口报告。

Just a few days later, the police say, Mr. Mangione got on a bus that had originated in Atlanta, on his way to New York City.

警方说，就在11月18日的几天后，曼吉奥尼登上了一辆从亚特兰大出发的大巴，前往纽约市。