In 2020, a Chinese citizen had heard reports about China’s mass detention and surveillance of Uyghurs. But he wanted to see if they were true for himself.

2020年，一位中国公民听闻中国大规模拘禁和监视维吾尔人的报道。但他想亲自验证这些报道是否属实。

So the citizen, Heng Guan, 38, said that he made a hugely risky decision, driving across the country from eastern China to Xinjiang, where he tracked down and secretly shot video of hulking re-education and detention centers mostly holding Uyghurs, a Muslim ethnic group. The footage later became rare visual evidence of the scale and forcible nature of China’s clampdown, despite Beijing’s claims that they were voluntary re-education camps.

这位38岁的公民关恒表示，他做出了一个极度冒险的决定，从中国东部开车穿越全国前往新疆，在那里，他追踪并秘密拍摄了主要关押穆斯林少数民族维吾尔人的庞大再教育和拘禁中心。这些视频后来成为罕见的视觉证据，证明了中国镇压行动的规模和强制性，尽管北京声称这些是自愿的再教育营。

In 2021, Mr. Guan fled to the United States, where he applied for asylum. Then, this August, as he was living in New York, he was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. His supporters and family members feared he might be sent back to China, where human rights activists say he would almost certainly face retribution from the government.

2021年，关恒逃往美国，并在那里申请庇护。今年8月，居住在纽约的关恒被移民与海关执法局拘留。支持者和家人担心他可能被遣返回中国，人权活动人士表示，他几乎肯定会面临政府的报复。

On Monday, after a public outcry, the Trump administration moved to continue deportation proceedings against Mr. Guan, but argued that he should be sent to Uganda, which has close economic ties to China.

周一，在受到舆论强烈抗议后，特朗普政府继续推进对关恒的驱逐程序，但主张应将他遣送至乌干达，后者与中国有密切的经济联系。

At a virtual immigration hearing on Monday, Niles Gerry, a lawyer for the Department of Homeland Security, cited an agreement that allows asylum seekers in the United States who might face persecution in their home country to be removed to what the government calls safe third countries, where they can apply for asylum. Administration officials, under pressure from President Trump to carry out mass deportations, have moved swiftly to resume third-country deportations after the Supreme Court cleared the practice in July.

在周一的线上移民听证会上，国土安全部律师奈尔斯·格里引用了一项协议，允许将可能在祖国面临迫害的美国庇护申请者遣送到政府称为“安全第三国”的国家，他们可以在那里申请庇护。在特朗普总统推动大规模驱逐的压力下，政府官员迅速恢复了第三国驱逐做法，此前最高法院在7月对这一做法予以认可。

Mr. Guan’s case underscores the immense breadth of Mr. Trump’s mass deportation campaign, which is ensnaring even those who would appear to have obvious claims to asylum.

关恒的案件凸显了特朗普大规模驱逐行动的范围之广，甚至连那些看似有明显庇护理由的人也卷入其中。

The Chinese government’s wide-scale repression of the Uyghurs in Xinjiang — and the extreme lengths to which officials have gone to distort or stymie any information about its efforts in the region — has been the subject of numerous international media investigations and human rights reports in recent years.

中国政府在新疆对维吾尔人的大规模镇压——以及官员为歪曲或阻挠有关该地区行动的信息而采取的极端措施——近年来已成为众多国际媒体调查和人权报告的主题。

新疆达坂城的一处拘留设施，摄于2021年。

China and Uganda share strong economic and defense ties, and the two governments have also promoted their cooperation on fighting crime. And Mr. Guan’s lawyer, Chuangchuang Chen, said that, given that close relationship, Mr. Guan would be in great danger in Uganda.

中国和乌干达在经济和国防领域有密切联系，两国政府还推动了在打击犯罪方面的合作。关恒的律师陈闯创表示，鉴于这种密切关系，关恒在乌干达将面临巨大危险。

“It’s more likely than not for such a highly sensitive person like Mr. Guan that Uganda would send him back to China,” Mr. Chen said in a telephone interview after the hearing.

“对于像关先生这样高度敏感的人，乌干达很有可能将他遣返回中国，”陈闯创在听证会后的电话采访中说。

In recent days, word of Mr. Guan’s possible deportation set off a furor in the United States. An editorial in The Wall Street Journal decried his possible deportation, and Raja Krishnamoorthi, a Democratic congressman from Illinois who is a ranking member of a House select committee on the Chinese Communist Party, called for Mr. Guan’s release.

最近几天，关恒可能被驱逐的消息在美国引发轩然大波。《华尔街日报》的一篇社论对他可能被驱逐一事予以谴责，伊利诺伊州民主党议员、众议院中共问题特设委员会少数党领袖拉贾·克里希纳穆尔蒂呼吁释放关恒。

At Monday’s hearing, Judge Charles Ouslander scheduled another hearing on Mr. Guan’s removal for Jan. 12, citing among several reasons the heightened interest in the case.

在周一的听证会上，查尔斯·奥斯拉德法官就关恒的驱逐问题又安排了一场听证会，定于1月12日举行，他列举了几个原因，其中包括本案引起的高度关注。

Mr. Chen said that he would file a motion on Mr. Guan’s behalf to allow him to stay in the United States and continue with his asylum application. The Department of Homeland Security said, “More information on this case is forthcoming.”

陈闯创表示，他将代表关恒提交动议，请求允许他留在美国并继续其庇护申请程序。国土安全部表示，“关于此案的更多信息即将公布。”

Mr. Guan was detained in August by immigration officials who had been carrying out an action against his landlord in upstate New York, according to Mr. Chen. A source familiar with the case said that Mr. Guan had been arrested during a raid led by the F.B.I. and Homeland Security Investigations, but that the man had no apparent criminal history.

据陈闯创称，关恒在8月被移民官员拘留，当时官员正在针对他在纽约州北部的房东采取行动。一位熟悉此案的消息人士表示，关恒是在联邦调查局和国土安全调查局主导的一次突查中被捕的，但他看起来并没有犯罪记录。

On Monday, Mr. Guan joined the hearing through a video link wearing an orange jumpsuit from a jail in Binghamton, N.Y., where he is currently being held.

周一，关恒身着橙色囚服，通过视频连线从纽约州宾厄姆顿市监狱参与听证会，目前他被羁押于该处。

The detention centers in Xinjiang were part of a draconian campaign under the Chinese leader Xi Jinping to indoctrinate Uyghurs and root out what the Communist Party said were dangerous ideas fueling resistance and extremist violence. Hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs and members of other mostly Muslim ethnic groups — some estimates said a million or more — were rounded up and held in re-education centers, detention sites or prisons.

新疆的拘禁中心是中国领导人习近平领导下的一项严酷运动的一部分，旨在对维吾尔人进行思想灌输，并根除共产党所称的助长抵抗和极端主义暴力的危险思想。数十万维吾尔人和其他主要穆斯林少数民族成员——一些估计称超过一百万人——被围捕并关押在再教育中心、拘禁设施或监狱中。

During Mr. Trump’s first presidency, the Chinese government’s treatment of Uyghurs emerged as a major source of tension between the two sides. In 2021, on the last full day of Mr. Trump’s first term, the State Department officially declared the Chinese government’s actions in Xinjiang a “genocide.”

在特朗普的第一届总统任期内，中国政府对维吾尔人的待遇成为双方紧张关系的主要来源。2021年，在特朗普第一届任期的最后一天，美国国务院正式宣布中国政府在新疆的行为构成“种族灭绝”。

And Marco Rubio, then a Republican senator from Florida and now the secretary of state, was among the most outspoken members of Congress on the issue.

时任佛罗里达州共和党参议员、现任国务卿的马尔科·鲁比奥是国会中最积极发声的成员之一。

Recent reports show that the Chinese government has sent Uyghurs out of Xinjiang to other parts of the country on government work programs that many experts believe are forcible in nature.

最近的报告显示，中国政府将维吾尔人从新疆遣送到全国其他地区，参加政府工作项目，许多专家认为这些项目本质上是强迫性的。

The Chinese government, for its part, has rejected any accusations of genocide or human rights violations and has defended its efforts in Xinjiang as necessary to fight against terrorism. Over the years, the government has systematically quashed efforts to question that narrative. It has asserted control through the use of mass surveillance and censorship, heavy policing of the local population as well as intimidation and threats to silence Uyghurs and other critics abroad.

中国政府则否认任何种族灭绝或侵犯人权的指控，并为其在新疆的行动辩护，称这是打击恐怖主义的必要措施。多年前，政府通过大规模监视和审查、对当地人口的严密警务管控以及恐吓和威胁来系统性地压制质疑这一叙事的努力，从而确立了控制。它还恐吓和威胁海外的维吾尔人和其他批评者。

The government has also severely restricted independent media access to the region, which is what made Mr. Guan’s footage — which provided a rare, close-up look at the detention camps detailing their high walls, guard towers and barbed wire — so revelatory.

政府还严格限制独立媒体进入该地区，这使得关恒的视频具有重大的揭示意义，它们提供了对拘禁营的高墙、警卫塔和铁丝网的罕见近距离观察。

“It had a big impact for people to see that, wow, this is real stuff happening to people,” said Tahir Imin, a Uyghur activist based in Washington.

“看到这些视频，会给人带来巨大冲击感：哇，这真的是发生在人们身上的真实事情，”华盛顿的维吾尔活动人士塔希尔·伊明说。

Mr. Guan visited Xinjiang as a tourist in 2019, when the detention campaign was at its height, and was shocked by the heavy-handed security he encountered, he told Human Rights in China, a group that is seeking his release from detention.

关恒在2019年作为游客访问新疆，当时拘禁运动正处于高峰期，他告诉寻求他获释的团体“中国人权”组织，当时他对遇到的严苛安保感到震惊。

中国新疆地区和田市郊外，一处被认为是再教育营的设施附近的瞭望塔，摄于2019年。

Later, evading China’s internet censorship firewall, he read a report from Buzzfeed News about the re-education centers in Xinjiang and decided to try to document them. He figured out the likely locations of centers from the Buzzfeed report and drove from site to site across several days in 2020, using a video camera to film the centers from a distance. Mr. Guan realized that, if he released the video, he would almost surely be arrested if he stayed in China, he told Human Rights in China.

后来，他绕过中国的互联网审查墙，阅读了BuzzFeed News关于新疆再教育中心的报道，并决定尝试记录这些中心。他从BuzzFeed报道中推断出中心的可能位置，并在2020年的几天内开车从一个地点到另一个地点，使用摄像机从远处拍摄这些中心。他对“中国人权”说，他意识到，一旦发布视频，如果继续留在中国，几乎肯定会被捕。

In 2021, after China began relaxing its pandemic-related restrictions on travel, Mr. Guan traveled to Hong Kong and then flew to Ecuador, which at the time allowed visa-free entry for Chinese passport holders. From there he flew to the Bahamas and then bought a small boat to make a grueling journey to Florida. Mr. Guan then released the video footage taken in Xinjiang on the internet, attracting widespread attention.

2021年，在中国开始放松疫情相关旅行限制后，关恒前往香港，然后飞往厄瓜多尔，当时该国允许中国护照持有人免签入境。他接着从那里飞往巴哈马，然后买了一艘小船，历经艰辛抵达佛罗里达。随后，关恒在互联网上发布了他在新疆拍摄的视频，引起广泛关注。

“Those unwilling to be enslaved are also unwilling to see others enslaved,” he said in the voice-over for his 19-minute documentary.

“不愿被奴役的人也不愿看到别人被奴役，”他在19分钟纪录片的画外音中说。

Mr. Guan’s mother, Luo Yun, who has lived in Taiwan for nearly 20 years, said that their family members in China, including Mr. Guan’s father and Ms. Luo’s four sisters, had all been questioned by police officers. The officers asked them about their contacts with Mr. Guan and their knowledge of his activities, Ms. Luo said in an interview.

关恒的母亲罗云已在台湾生活近20年，她表示，他们在中国的家人，包括关恒的父亲和罗云的四个姐妹都曾被警察盘问。警察询问他们与关恒的联系以及他们对他的活动的了解，罗云在采访中说。

“He’s definitely on the Chinese Communist Party’s blacklist,” Ms. Luo said of her son. “Even our family members who had no relationship with him after he became an adult have been investigated.”

“连我们家人跟他长成一个成年人以后完全没有关系的都遭到调查。中国政府一定是密切关注了他的案子，”罗云谈到儿子时说。