Robert Francis Prevost was elected on Thursday to lead the world’s 1.4 billion Roman Catholics, making him the first pope from the United States. He chose the name Leo XIV.

周四，罗伯特·弗朗西斯·普雷沃斯特当选为全球14亿罗马天主教徒的领袖，成为首位来自美国的教宗。他选择了良十四世(Leo XIV)作为自己的名号。

Speaking from the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica, the pope delivered his first public remarks since taking over as leader of the Roman Catholic Church. He urged the world to seek peace and remember those who suffer.

新教宗在圣伯多禄大教堂的阳台上发表了他接任罗马天主教会领袖以来的首次公开讲话。他呼吁全世界寻求和平，不要忘记那些受苦的人。

Here’s what to know about the new pope, how he was chosen from the many contenders, and the issues he will face as the successor to Pope Francis, who died last month at 88.

以下是关于新教宗的相关信息，包括他如何从众多候选人中脱颖而出，以及作为接替上个月去世、享年88岁的教宗方济各的继任者，他将面临哪些问题。

Who is the new pope?

新教宗是谁？

Robert Francis Prevost, 69, was born in Chicago and served for two decades in Peru, where he became a bishop and a naturalized citizen, then rose to lead his international religious order. Leading up to the death of his predecessor, Cardinal Prevost held one of the most influential Vatican posts, running the office that selects and manages bishops globally.

69岁的罗伯特·弗朗西斯·普雷沃斯特出生于芝加哥，在秘鲁任职二十年。在那里，他成为了一名主教，并加入秘鲁国籍，之后晋升为其所在的国际修会的领导人。在他的前任去世前，普雷沃斯特枢机担任着梵蒂冈最具影响力的职位之一，负责在全球范围内选拔和管理主教的机构。

A member of the Order of St. Augustine, he resembles Francis in his commitment to the poor and migrants, and to meeting people where they are. He told the Vatican’s official news website last year that “the bishop is not supposed to be a little prince sitting in his kingdom.”

作为圣奥斯定修会的成员，他致力于帮助穷人、关注移民，并走到民众中间，这一点与方济各相似。去年他在梵蒂冈官方新闻网站上表示：“主教不应该像一个坐在自己王国里的小王子。”

He has spent much of his life outside the United States. Ordained in 1982 at 27, he received a doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome. In Peru, he was a missionary, parish priest, teacher and bishop. As the Augustinians’ leader, he visited orders around the world. He also speaks Spanish and Italian.

他人生的大部分时间都在美国之外度过。1982年，27岁的普雷沃斯特获授神职，随后在罗马的圣托马斯·阿奎那宗座大学获得了教会法博士学位。在秘鲁，他曾担任传教士、教区神父、神学院教师和主教。作为奥斯定修会的领袖，他访问过世界各地的修会。他还会说西班牙语和意大利语。

Where does he stand on major issues?

他在重大问题上的立场是什么？

Often described as reserved and discreet, he would depart stylistically from Francis as pope. Supporters believe he will most likely continue the consultative process started by Francis to invite lay people to meet with bishops.

人们常说他为人矜持、谨慎，作为教宗，他的风格会与方济各有所不同。支持者认为，他很可能会延续方济各发起的协商程序，邀请平信徒与主教会面。

It is unclear whether he will be as open to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender Catholics as Francis was. Although he has not said much recently, in a 2012 address to bishops, he lamented that Western news media and popular culture fostered “sympathy for beliefs and practices that are at odds with the Gospel.” He cited the “homosexual lifestyle” and “alternative families comprised of same-sex partners and their adopted children.”

目前尚不清楚他是否会像方济各那样对同性恋、双性恋和跨性别天主教徒持开放态度。尽管最近没有对此过多表态，但在2012年对主教们的一次讲话中，他哀叹西方新闻媒体和流行文化助长了“对与福音相悖的信仰和行为的同情”。他提到了“同性恋生活方式”以及“由同性伴侣及其领养的孩子组成的另类家庭”。

As an American, he is uniquely positioned to stand in contrast to the energized conservative Catholicism in his home country. He has pushed back forcefully against the militant vision of Christian power that the Trump administration has elevated.

美国人的身份使他与在其祖国兴盛的保守派天主教形成了鲜明对比。他有力地反对了特朗普政府所推崇的基督教权力的激进理念。

一位手持美国国旗的主教在圣伯多禄广场起舞。

Before he became pope, a social media account under his name shared criticisms of the Trump administration’s positions on immigration.

在成为教宗之前，一个以他名义开设的社交媒体账号分享了对特朗普政府移民立场的批评。

Like many other leaders of the Catholic Church, he has drawn criticism over his dealings with priests accused of sexual abuse.

与许多其他天主教会领袖一样，他因对神职人员性侵指控问题的处理受到批评。

Who chose the new pope?

新教宗是由谁选出的？

Francis’ successor was selected in a conclave that began on May 7. Cardinals, known as the “princes of the church,” rank just below the pope in the Roman Catholic Church; together, they are known as the College of Cardinals. There are currently 252 cardinals. Only those under the age of 80 are eligible to vote, and there are 135 of them, the largest number in the church’s history. Pope Francis appointed about 80 percent of them.

方济各的继任者是在5月7日开始的秘密会议中选出的。被称为“教会亲王”枢机主教们在罗马天主教会中的地位仅次于教宗；他们合称为枢机团。目前枢机主教有252名。只有年龄在80岁以下的枢机主教有投票资格，这样的枢机主教有135名，这是教会历史上人数最多的一次。这些枢机主教中约80%由方济各教宗任命。

When a pope dies or steps down — which is unusual — the college chooses a successor. The cardinals cast repeated votes until there is a two-thirds majority. After every vote, the ballot papers are burned in a stove, along with an additive that produces a color. The smoke is released through a chimney that can be seen from St. Peter’s Square, where crowds typically gather to watch and wait. If a vote ends without a two-thirds majority, the smoke is black. When a decision is reached, the smoke is white.

当一位教宗去世或退位时——后者并不常见——枢机团会选出一位继任者。枢机主教们会反复投票，直到获得三分之二多数票。每次投票后，选票会在一个炉子里焚烧，同时会添加一种物质，焚烧产生的烟雾会通过烟囱排出，从圣伯多禄广场就能看到。如果投票没有产生三分之二多数的结果，烟是黑色的。产生了结果后，烟是白色的。

How long did it take for him to be elected?

他的当选花了多长时间？

The length of papal conclaves has varied widely over the centuries. Since 1900, this has been the fifth pope to be elected in two days.

几个世纪以来，教宗选举秘密会议的时长差异很大。他是自1900年以来第五位在两天内当选的教宗。

The longest conclave during that time took 14 ballots, lasted five days and produced Pope Pius XI in 1922. Francis was elected after two days of voting.

这段时间里最长的一次秘密会议是在1922年，进行了14轮投票，持续了五天，最终选出了庇护十一世教宗。方济各是在经过两天的投票后当选的。

The shortest conclave, the election of Pope Pius XII in 1939, took three ballots. But it has not always been so quick: The conclave that ended with the election of Pope Gregory X on Sept. 1, 1271, took two years, nine months and two days.

最短的一次秘密会议是1939年庇护十二世教宗的选举，只进行了三轮投票。但并非每次选举都如此迅速：1271年9月1日，选举格列高利十世教宗的秘密会议历时两年零九个月零两天。

What are the key issues in the Catholic Church?

天主教会面临的关键问题是什么？

The cardinals had to decide whether to choose a pope who would follow Francis’ path of openness and inclusion or pick a pontiff who would forge a different one. During his 12-year pontificate, Francis made landmark declarations that encouraged liberals, including allowing the blessing of people in same-sex unions and raising his voice for migrants.

枢机主教们必须决定是选择一位遵循方济各开放和包容路线的教宗，还是挑选一位会开辟不同道路的教宗。在12年的任期内，方济各发表了具有里程碑意义的声明，鼓励了自由主义者，包括允许为同性伴侣关系举行祝福仪式，以及为移民发声。

The cardinals who elect the pope sometimes look as ideologically polarized as many secular voters around the globe. Many conservative Roman Catholic leaders disagreed with Francis.

选举教宗的枢机主教们在意识形态上有时像全球许多世俗选民一样两极分化。许多保守的罗马天主教领袖不同意方济各的观点。

But the typical divisions between progressives and conservatives don’t correspond so neatly with the ideological battles within the Vatican and the broader church. There are complex debates over the role of women and L.G.B.T.Q. Catholics in the church, whether priests should be allowed to marry, accountability for sexual abuse by clergy and other divisive questions.

但进步派和保守派之间的典型分歧并不能简单地对应梵蒂冈以及更广泛的教会内部的意识形态斗争。关于女性和LGBTQ天主教徒在教会中的角色、是否应该允许神父结婚、神职人员性侵问题的问责等其他有争议的问题存在复杂的辩论。

新当选的教宗良十四世在圣伯多禄大教堂的阳台发表讲话。