China launched military exercises pressing in on Taiwan on Tuesday, sending warships and fighter planes in what Beijing said was a warning to the island democracy’s president, Lai Ching-te, after he called China a “foreign hostile force.”

中国周二举行军事演习，派军舰和战斗机逼近台湾。中国政府表示，这是对台湾民选领导人赖清德发出的警告，他此前曾称中国是“境外敌对势力”。

Chinese land, navy, air and missile forces would “approach close” to Taiwan and practice “seizure of overall control, strikes on sea and land targets, and the blockade and control of key areas and lanes” at sea, Senior Col. Shi Yi, a spokesman for the People’s Liberation Army regional command that oversees Taiwan, said in a statement issued on Chinese state-run media.

中国的陆军、海军、空军，以及火箭军“抵近台岛”，进行“夺取综合制权、对海对陆打击、要域（及海上）要道封控”演习，中国人民解放军东部战区新闻发言人施毅陆军大校在中国官媒上发布的声明中说，东部战区包括台海地区。

Sometimes, China’s military does not spell out why it holds drills. This time, officials and state media reports were clear: “This is firm punishment for the Lai Ching-te administration’s rampant ‘pro-independence’ provocations,” Zhu Fenglian, a spokeswoman for the Chinese government’s office on Taiwanese affairs, said in a statement.

中国军方有时不解释举行演习的原因。但军方和官媒报道对这次演习有很明确的说法，中国政府台湾事务办公室发言人朱凤莲在一份声明中表示：“是对赖清德当局猖狂谋‘独’挑衅的坚决惩戒。”

Ms. Zhu singled out a speech by Mr. Lai on March 13 in which he described China as a “foreign hostile force” and laid out 17 measures that Mr. Lai said would combat deepening Chinese subversion and spying in Taiwan. Those included restoring military tribunals for cases against military personnel who spy and strengthening oversight of cultural, political and religious exchanges with China. Beijing says that Taiwan is its territory, and that it will eventually absorb the island, by force if Chinese leaders deem that necessary.

朱凤莲专门提了赖清德今年3月13日的讲话，赖清德在讲话中称中国是“境外敌对势力”，并提出了17条针对被赖清德称为中国“在台湾内部进行分化、破坏、颠覆等活动”的反击措施，包括恢复军事法院审判被指控犯有间谍罪的台湾军人，加强对台湾人与中国进行文化、政治和宗教交流的监管。中国政府坚称台湾是其领土，并将在中国领导人认为有必要的时候时，最终使用武力吞并台湾。

台湾总统赖清德上个月在台北发表了关于中国进行颠覆活动的讲话。

Later on Tuesday, Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense tallied the Chinese military weaponry that had approached Taiwan by early afternoon: 71 sorties by military aircraft, including drones, and 21 navy ships ranged around the island, including a group accompanying the Shandong aircraft carrier that was about 220 nautical miles east of Taiwan.

周二晚些时候，台湾国防部公布了其统计到的截至下午早些时候接近台湾的中国军械数量：71架次军机（包括无人机）， 出现在台湾岛周边水域的21艘海军舰艇，包括出现在台湾以东约220海里的“山东”号航空母舰战斗群舰队。

None of the Chinese ships or planes crossed a boundary of 24 nautical miles around Taiwan, ministry officials told reporters. The Chinese Coast Guard also announced that it had sent ships on “law enforcement” patrol around two groups of islands controlled by Taiwan.

台湾国防部官员对记者说，没有一艘中国舰艇或一架中国飞机越过台湾周边24海里的界线。中国海警局还宣布已派船只在台湾控制的两座岛屿周围进行“执法巡查”。

“Clearly, the Chinese Communist Party is trying to enhance the effectiveness of its military displays and intimidation by deliberately sending ships within our vicinity, creating opportunities for close armed encounters,” said Chieh Chung, a researcher at Taiwan’s Institute for National Defense and Security Research, an organization in Taipei supported by the defense ministry.

“很明显，中国共产党正在试图加强其军事展示和恐吓的有效性，蓄意派船只进入我们附近的水域，制造发生近距离武装冲突的机会，”台湾国防安全研究院研究员钟杰说，这个由国防部支持的研究院设在台北。

But despite Beijing’s fiery language and sizable military display, experts said that the exercises appeared intended to intimidate Taiwan without tipping over into a wider confrontation. Mr. Lai and his Democratic Progressive Party deny that Taiwan is a part of China — a key premise of Beijing’s claim that the island is its territory — and officials in Beijing have already vehemently denounced Mr. Lai’s recent speech. On Tuesday, Chinese media published cartoons that depicted Mr. Lai as a parasitic grub.

尽管北京方面言辞激烈，这次军事展示规模庞大，但专家们说，演习似乎是为了恐吓台湾，而不是要引发更广泛的对抗。赖清德及其所在的民进党否认台湾是中国的一部分，那是中国政府声称对台湾拥有主权的一个关键假定，中国官员已对赖清德最近的讲话表示强烈谴责。中国媒体在周二发表的漫画中将赖清德描绘为寄生虫。

“It’s trying to get in closer to Taiwan to exert more psychological pressure,” Su Tzu-yun, another researcher at the Institute for National Defense and Security Research, said of China’s latest exercises.

“军演是试图更接近台湾，以施加更大的心理压力，”国防安全研究院的另一名研究员苏紫云在谈到中国​​最近的演习时说。

While Beijing has linked the exercises to Mr. Lai’s comments, Mr. Su and other experts said, China’s leaders also appeared to be sending an implicit message to the Trump administration. Mr. Lai has sought to maintain U.S. support for Taiwan during President Trump’s term, including by promising to raise its military spending to more than 3 percent of the island’s economic output this year.

苏紫云和其他专家表示，虽然中国将军演与赖清德的言论联系起来，但中国领导人似乎也在向特朗普政府发出一个不直接言明的信息。赖清德已寻求在特朗普总统任期间继续使台湾得到美国的支持，包括承诺将今年的军事开支提高到台湾经济产出的3%以上。

“The publicity around the exercise likely also has the U.S. in mind — they want to persuade the Trump administration that Lai is a troublemaker and to deter the U.S. from maintaining high levels of support to Taiwan,” said Amanda Hsiao, an analyst for the Eurasia Group who monitors Chinese foreign policy and China-Taiwan tensions.

“围绕这次军演的宣传也可能考虑了美国——他们想说服特朗普政府，赖清德是个麻烦制造者，不想让美国继续向台湾提供高水平的支持，”欧亚集团的分析师萧嫣然说，她对中国的外交政策和台海紧张局势做跟踪调查。

The exercises came days after the U.S. defense secretary, Pete Hegseth, visited Tokyo to discuss strengthening military ties with Japan. Mr. Hegseth said there that the Trump administration would focus on countering Chinese power, including its efforts to squeeze Taiwan.

几天前，美国国防部长皮特·海格塞斯在访问东京期间讨论了加强与美日军事关系的问题。海格塞斯在东京说，特朗普政府将把重点转移到制衡中国影响力上来，包括中国对台湾施压的努力。

“America is committed to sustaining robust, ready and credible deterrence in the Indo-Pacific, including across the Taiwan Strait,” Mr. Hegseth said in a news conference with Japan’s defense minister, Gen Nakatani. Mr. Hegseth has also issued internal guidelines in the Pentagon that say U.S. forces must focus on deterring China from trying to seize Taiwan by force, the Washington Post reported.

“美国致力于在印度太平洋地区，包括台湾海峡，保持强大、随时可用且可信的威慑力，”海格塞斯在与日本防卫大臣中谷元一起举行的新闻发布会上说。据《华盛顿邮报》报道，海格塞斯已在国防部内部发了指导方针，称美国军队必须把精力集中在让中国不敢试图用武力夺取台湾上。

美国国防部长皮特·海格塞斯和日本防卫大臣中谷元周日在东京。

Still, China may not have an appetite right now for extended military exercises that could deepen the divisions between the Trump administration and China’s leader, Xi Jinping. Mr. Xi is already squaring off with Mr. Trump over additional U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods that were imposed last month, with possibly more tariffs to come this week. The official Chinese statements about the latest exercises did not mention the United States.

尽管如此，中国目前可能没有扩展军事演习的胃口，因为那可能会加深特朗普政府与中国领导人习近平之间的隔阂。习近平已在美国上个月对中国商品加征额外关税的问题上与特朗普针锋相对，美国本周可能还会加征更多关税。中国对最近这次军演发表的官方声明中没有提美国。

“China is definitely interested in not showing weakness,” Wen-Ti Sung, a researcher in Taiwan and a nonresident fellow with the Atlantic Council’s Global China Hub, said of Mr. Xi’s approach to the Trump administration. “But China will respond with just enough firmness to make sure that an off ramp for it still remains.”

“中国肯定对示弱不感兴趣，”大西洋理事会全球中国中心的非常驻台湾籍研究员宋文笛在谈到习近平对特朗普政府的态度时说。“但中国将以足够坚定的姿态作出回应，以确保它仍有一条退路。”