Last year, the tech giant Huawei catapulted to the top of the smartphone market in China when it released the Mate 60 Pro, a phone that contained a tiny computer chip more advanced than any previously made by a Chinese company.

去年，科技巨头华为发布了Mate 60 Pro，一跃成为中国智能手机市场的领头羊。那款手机搭载的一款微型电脑芯片比中国公司以前生产的任何芯片都要先进。

The chips used by Huawei’s smartphones have become a symbol in the struggle between China and the United States for control over advanced technology.

华为智能手机使用的芯片已成为中美两国争夺先进技术控制权的象征。

Policymakers in Washington have spent years trying to prevent Chinese companies from being able to make the kind of chip Huawei uses in its Mate phone. But Huawei has pressed ahead, and the phone has burnished its image as a national leader, triumphant in the face of U.S. restrictions.

华盛顿政策制定者近年来一直试图阻止中国公司生产华为在其Mate手机中使用的那种芯片。但华为仍在继续前行，其手机在美国的限制下取得了胜利，树立了全国领先者的形象。

Shoppers in China were excited to buy a phone with state-of-the-art components that had been made entirely at home. Huawei was able to appeal to Chinese customers who previously would have been more likely to buy iPhones, eating into Apple’s most important market outside the United States.

中国消费者很高兴能买到一部完全由本国制造的、拥有最先进部件的手机。华为能够吸引以前更有可能购买iPhone的中国客户，蚕食苹果在美国以外最重要的市场。

On Tuesday, Huawei unveiled the next generation of that phone, the Mate 70 series, from its offices in Shenzhen in southeastern China. Richard Yu, Huawei’s consumer group chairman, called the flagship device the “smartest” Mate phone.

本周二，华为在其位于中国东南部深圳的办公室发布了新一代手机Mate 70系列。华为终端BG董事长余承东称这款旗舰设备为“最强大”的Mate手机。

Powered by its homegrown operating system, HarmonyOS Next, which was officially launched last month, the Mate 70 series has artificial intelligence-enabled functions, including improved photography, live transcription and translation of phone calls. Apple has yet to release its A.I. features in China.

Mate 70系列搭载了上个月正式推出的国产操作系统鸿蒙Next (HarmonyOS Next)，具有人工智能功能，包括改进的摄影、实时字幕和通话翻译。苹果尚未在中国发布其人工智能功能。

Starting at $760, the price of the Mate 70 is meant to compete with the iPhone in China. HarmonyOS Next allows phones to connect with Huawei’s other products: electric cars, smart speakers and watches.

Mate 70的起价为5499元，意在与iPhone在中国展开竞争。鸿蒙Next允许手机与华为的其他产品连接，包括电动汽车、智能音箱和手表。

But widespread commercial success for the Mate 70 could depend on Huawei’s ability to secure a steady supply of chips.

但Mate 70能否获得广泛的商业成功可能取决于华为能否获得稳定的芯片供应。

为华为Mate 60 Pro提供芯片的中芯国际集成电路制造有限公司上海总部的入口。

The company relied on the Chinese chip maker Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, or SMIC, to make the chips in the Mate 60 Pro. SMIC, which is partly state owned, is the only maker of advanced chips in China. Analysts said they believed Huawei had again turned to SMIC for the Mate 70. Huawei did not reveal details on Tuesday about the chips in the new phone.

该公司依靠中国芯片制造商中芯国际为Mate 60 Pro制造芯片。中芯国际部分为国有，是中国唯一的先进芯片制造商。分析人士表示，他们认为，他们相信华为已再次要求中芯国际为Mate 70供货。华为周二没有透露新手机芯片的细节。

A critical question is how advanced the chips are, because that can determine whether they can perform more sophisticated tasks like A.I. at a faster speed.

一个关键问题是这些芯片有多先进，因为这可以决定它们能否以更快的速度执行人工智能等更复杂的任务。

U.S. officials seeking to control China’s chip development say advanced technology is essential not just for consumer technology like chatbots but also for military superiority. They have tried to prevent Chinese companies from buying these kinds of chips and related machinery, leaving SMIC dependent on dated tools.

试图控制中国芯片发展的美国官员表示，先进技术不仅对聊天机器人等消费技术至关重要，对军事优势也是如此。他们试图阻止中国企业购买这类芯片和相关机械，从而使中芯国际依赖于过时的工具。

Experts say SMIC has strained to make enough chips for Huawei. Even though production for some parts in Huawei’s latest phones began in July, the Mate 70 has not gone on sale until now because it has been challenging for Huawei to acquire enough chips, said Lori Chang, a senior analyst at Isaiah Research, a market research company.

专家表示，中芯国际一直在努力为华为生产足够的芯片。市场研究公司以赛亚研究公司的高级分析师洛丽·张（音）表示，尽管华为最新款手机的部分零部件已于7月开始生产，但Mate 70直到现在才开始销售，因为华为在获得足够芯片方面一直面临挑战。

SMIC did not respond to a request for comment.

中芯国际没有回应置评请求。

As of Tuesday, over three million people had signed up on Huawei’s website to reserve the company’s latest flagship phone, which does not require a deposit. The premium version of the Mate 70 is set to go on sale in China on Tuesday, according to Huawei’s website.

截至周二，已有超过300万人在华为网站上注册预订该公司最新的旗舰手机（无需定金）。华为网站显示，Mate 70的高端版将于周二在中国上市。

Huawei has been working for years to position itself as synonymous with the country’s tech industry, as Apple is with Silicon Valley. Resurgence in spite of Washington’s controls is a crucial part of this image.

华为多年来一直致力于将自己定位为中国科技产业的代名词，就像苹果与硅谷的关系那样。在美国政府管制之下重新崛起是这一形象的关键组成部分。

华为高管孟晚舟去年在世界移动通信大会上海站。

A top Huawei executive, Meng Wanzhou, became a hero to many in China after her return in 2021 following almost three years of detention in Canada while facing fraud charges in the United States. A series of trade restrictions against Huawei first put in place during the Trump administration pummeled its profits in 2022. Since Ms. Meng’s release, Huawei has expanded its product range and developed some of China’s most advanced A.I. technology.

华为高管孟晚舟在美国面临欺诈指控，在加拿大被拘押近三年后于2021年回国，她成了许多中国人心目中的英雄。特朗普政府在2022年首次对华为实施的一系列贸易限制令其利润下跌。自孟晚舟被释放以来，华为扩大了产品范围，并开发了一些中国最先进的人工智能技术。

Over the past two years, the company has steadily gained ground in China’s smartphone market.

在过去的两年里，该公司在中国智能手机市场稳步取得进展。

In 2022, three-quarters of the high-end smartphones sold in China were iPhones. This year, it was just about half, as Huawei’s share more than doubled, according to Canalys, a market research firm.

2022年，中国销售的高端智能手机中有四分之三是iPhone。根据市场研究公司Canalys的数据，今年这一比例仅为一半左右，华为的市场份额增加了一倍多。

“Huawei’s goal over the past few years has been consistent — to reclaim some of the market share that iPhone holds in China,” Ms. Chang said.

“华为过去几年的目标一直是一致的——夺回iPhone在中国的部分市场份额，”洛丽·张说。

Huawei faces stiff competition from domestic rivals like Xiaomi and Oppo, which sell less expensive devices. To compete, Huawei will have to sell more midrange models, too, said Toby Zhu, a senior analyst at Canalys.

华为面临着来自小米和Oppo等国内对手的激烈竞争，这些公司销售的设备价格较低。Canalys的高级分析师朱嘉弢说，为了与它们竞争，华为也必须销售更多的中端机型。

But even those devices will require a large number of chips. And as foreign chip makers like the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or TSMC, stop sending chips to Chinese clients, this could become increasingly difficult as more companies will depend on SMIC for advanced chips.

但即使是这样的设备也需要大量芯片。随着台积电等外国芯片制造商停止向中国客户提供芯片，这可能会变得越来越困难，因为越来越多的公司将依赖中芯国际提供先进芯片。

“Not only Huawei but now all China-based A.I. makers, they face the same issue,” said Linda Sui, a senior director at TechInsights, a market research firm. “If they all ship through SMIC, that’s going to make the supply constraints even worse next year.”

“不仅是华为，现在所有在中国的人工智能制造商都面临着同样的问题，”市场研究公司TechInsights的高级主管琳达·胥（音）。“如果它们都通过中芯国际出货，那将使明年的供应紧张情况更加严重。”