In the southern Chinese city of Foshan, officials are engaged in an all-out battle against chikungunya, a painful, mosquito-borne viral disease that could spread across the country.

在中国南方城市佛山，官员们正在全力抗击基孔肯雅热，这种由蚊子传播的病毒性疾病引发剧烈疼痛，有可能在全国范围内蔓延。

Soldiers wearing masks are fogging parks and streets with insecticide. Drones have been deployed to identify mosquito breeding sites. Researchers have introduced giant “elephant mosquitoes,” whose larvae prey on the virus-carrying mosquitoes, and thousands of mosquito-eating fish have been released into city ponds.

戴着口罩的士兵在公园和街道喷洒杀虫剂。出动无人机识别蚊虫孳生场所。研究人员引入了巨大的“象蚊”，其幼虫以携带病毒的蚊子为食，数以千计的食蚊鱼也被放入城市池塘。

A virus transmitted by the bites of infected mosquitoes, chikungunya is rarely fatal, but it does cause fever and severe joint pain. It has infected around 8,000 people in China in four weeks, mostly in Foshan, and is the country’s largest outbreak of its kind since the virus first emerged in the country in 2008. Experts say rising global temperatures have led to warmer and wetter weather there, allowing mosquitoes to thrive.

基孔肯雅热通过受感染蚊子的叮咬传播，虽很少致命，但会引起发烧和严重的关节疼痛。四周内，中国已有约8000人感染，主要集中在佛山，这是自2008年该病毒首次在中国出现以来规模最大的一次疫情。专家表示，全球气温上升导致当地天气暖湿化，使得蚊子大量繁殖。

To fight the outbreak, the authorities are also drawing on a familiar playbook honed during the Covid pandemic — mobilizing the city of 10 million in a “patriotic public health campaign.” For some, that is evoking unhappy memories.

为应对疫情，当局还借鉴了在新冠疫情期间完善的一套熟悉策略——在这座拥有1000万人口的城市发起“爱国卫生运动”。对一些人来说，这唤起了不愉快的回忆。

At building entrances in the city, workers spray residents with mosquito repellent before allowing them in. Community workers in red vests go door to door, inspecting homes and ordering residents to dump any stagnant water. Those who don’t cooperate could be fined or, in serious cases, face criminal charges for “obstructing the prevention of infectious diseases,” according to an illustrated government explainer.

在该市的楼宇入口处，工作人员会先向居民喷洒驱蚊剂，然后才允许进入。穿红马甲的社区工作者挨家挨户检查，要求居民清理积水。根据一份政府图解说明，不配合者可能会被罚款，情节严重的还可能因“妨害传染病防治罪”面临刑事指控。

At least five households have had their electricity cut for not cooperating, according to a notice issued by a neighborhood committee in the district of Guicheng.

据桂城街道某居委会发布的通知，至少有五户家庭因不配合被切断了电力。

When Covid-19 spread in China, the country imposed some of the world’s strictest measures — the much-hated zero Covid policy that involved mass testing, citywide lockdowns, mandatory quarantines and the constant tracking of people’s movements.

新冠疫情期间，中国实施了一些全球最严格的措施——备受诟病的清零政策，包括大规模检测、全城封锁、强制隔离以及对行程的持续追踪。

On RedNote, a popular social media platform, residents say they are being ordered by community workers to empty all containers of water, including water bowls for their dogs. Some complained that the policing was excessive.

在热门社交媒体平台小红书上，有居民称，社区工作者要求他们倒掉所有容器里的水，包括给狗喝的水。一些人抱怨这种监管过于严苛。

Two residents who were reached by message on RedNote and did not want to be named out of fear of retaliation told The New York Times that workers entered their homes without their consent to search for stagnant water. Two others said their plants had been taken away or destroyed in front of them. Faxes to the Foshan City government’s line could not go through Tuesday, and emails were not returned.

两位通过小红书私信联系到的居民（他们因担心报复不愿透露姓名）告诉《纽约时报》，工作人员未经他们同意就进入家中搜查积水。另外两人表示，他们的绿植被当面取走或毁坏。周二，给佛山市政府的传真无法接通，邮件也未得到回复。

In Foshan and other cities in Guangdong Province, just north of Hong Kong, infected residents are being sent to “quarantine wards” where they stay behind mosquito nets and screens. Some who had been infected said they were given no choice but to go to the hospital at their own expense. (During an outbreak, mosquitoes can quickly spread the virus, picking it up from a sick person and infecting healthy others.)

在香港以北的广东佛山及其他城市，受感染的居民被送往“收治病房”，被隔离在蚊帐和纱网后面。一些感染者表示，他们别无选择，只能自费前往医院（疫情期间，蚊子能迅速传播病毒，从病人身上得到病毒后再感染健康的人）。

佛山防疫人员在社区开展蚊媒孳生地巡查。

Carried by the Aedes mosquito, which also transmits dengue and Zika, the chikungunya virus was first detected in southern Tanzania in the 1950s. (Its name comes from the Kimakonde language and means “that which bends up,” a reference to the contorted posture of those in pain.)

基孔肯雅热病毒由同样传播登革热和寨卡病毒的埃及伊蚊携带，于20世纪50年代在坦桑尼亚南部首次被发现（其名称源自基马孔德语，意为“弯曲之物”，指患者因剧痛蜷缩身体的姿态）。

After an imported case of chikungunya was detected in Foshan on July 8, infections quickly spread. Now, citizens have been urged to spend at least three minutes every morning cleaning out all sources of standing water. Employees at government agencies should not go home until they have thoroughly checked plant holders, tea trays, unfinished drinks and roof awnings for water.

7月8日，佛山发现一例输入性基孔肯雅热病例后，感染迅速蔓延。现在，市民被敦促每天早上至少花三分钟清理所有积水处。公职人员要彻底检查花盆托盘、茶盘、未喝完的饮料和屋顶遮阳棚是否有水之后才能回家。

To breed, mosquitoes “don’t actually need a lot of water, or even a lake. They can spread and reproduce in even the smallest pool of water, like a Coke bottle cap,” said Ren Chao, a professor at the University of Hong Kong researching the impact of climate change on the spread of mosquito-borne diseases in urban areas.

蚊子繁殖时，“它其实不是需要太多的水面，它不是需要一个湖泊，它其实一个可乐瓶盖这样一个积水，它就可以传播繁衍。”香港大学研究气候变化对城市蚊媒疾病传播影响的任超教授说。

The most extreme steps, like mandatory quarantine for those infected, have not been implemented, but experts say China’s pandemic measures are designed to be ratcheted up quickly if deemed necessary.

虽未实施感染者强制隔离等极端措施，但专家表示，中国的疫情防控措施设计上可在必要时迅速升级。

“Essentially you raise the specter of the zero Covid strategy, with its zero-tolerance approach, the mass mobilization, the surveillance and testing,” said Yanzhong Huang, a senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations.

“本质上，这让人联想到动态清零策略，那种零容忍的做法、大规模动员以及监控和检测。”美国外交关系委员会全球健康高级研究员黄严忠说。

There are similarities, Dr. Huang said, with even earlier mobilizations. In the late 1950s, the infamous “four pests” campaign to eradicate rats, flies, mosquitoes and sparrows led to the mass extermination of sparrows in China and a surge in locusts that contributed to famine.

黄严忠表示，这与更早的动员活动也有相似之处。20世纪50年代末，臭名昭著的“除四害”运动旨在消灭老鼠、苍蝇、蚊子和麻雀，导致大量麻雀被消灭，蝗虫泛滥，进而加剧了饥荒。

“It’s fundamentally no different from the Maoist-style public health campaigns,” Dr. Huang said. “It involves the mass mobilization of the people. It’s targeting a particular threat to public health and potentially could lead to unintentional consequences.”

“这与毛泽东时代的公共卫生运动本质上并无不同，”黄严忠说。“通过群众动员解决特定公共卫生威胁，可能会导致意想不到的后果。”

The virus poses real risks. Experts say it can cause serious illness in older patients, newborns and people with preexisting health conditions. Most people recover within a week but joint pain can last for months.

该病毒确实存在风险。专家表示，它可能会导致老年患者、新生儿和有基础疾病的人患上严重疾病。大多数人会在一周内康复，但关节疼痛可能会持续数月。

The outbreak has raised concerns abroad. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday issued a “Level 2” travel advisory for Guangdong, urging travelers to avoid mosquito bites and to get vaccinated before arrival. (There are two approved vaccines for the virus in the United States, but they are not available in China.)

此次疫情引发了国际关注。美国疾病控制与预防中心周五对广东省发布了“二级”旅行建议，敦促旅行者避免被蚊子叮咬，并在抵达前接种疫苗（美国有两种获批疫苗，但中国尚未引进）。

Responding to reports about the U.S. travel warning, Guo Jiakun, a Chinese foreign ministry spokesman, said last week that the infections in China were “under control.”

针对美国旅行警告的相关报道，中国外交部发言人郭嘉昆上周表示，中国的感染情况“可控”。

Cases spreading from Indian Ocean islands to Europe and other regions prompted the World Health Organization in July to call on countries to act to prevent a large-scale outbreak. According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, there have been approximately 240,000 cases of chikungunya and 90 deaths related to the virus globally this year; South American countries are hardest hit.

从印度洋岛屿蔓延到欧洲及其他地区的病例，促使世界卫生组织在7月呼吁各国采取行动，防止大规模疫情爆发。根据欧洲疾病预防控制中心的数据，今年全球约有24万例基孔肯雅热病例，相关死亡90例，南美洲国家受影响最为严重。

7月，佛山某村庄喷洒杀虫剂。

Outside Foshan, about 200 infections have since been detected in 12 other cities in Guangdong. An unspecified number of cases also have been reported in neighboring Hunan Province. A handful have been reported as well in Macau and Hong Kong, which are about 100 miles south of Foshan.

除佛山外，广东省其他12个城市已发现约200例感染病例。邻近的湖南省也报告了数量不明的病例。佛山以南约160公里的澳门和香港也报告了零星病例。

Wang Weizhong, the governor of Guangdong, on Saturday ordered all officials to help mobilize the masses to clean out rooftops and courtyards and to light mosquito coils, install window screens and hang nets over their beds.

广东省省长王伟中周六下令所有官员协助动员群众清理屋顶和庭院，点燃蚊香，安装纱窗，并在床上悬挂蚊帐。

“We must make every effort to win the battle against the epidemic,” he said.

“全力打赢疫情防控攻坚战。”他说。

Pharmacies in Foshan have started tracking who buys medications for fever, rash or joint pain, prompting concern online that the data would be used to identify potential infections. Skyscrapers in Foshan light up at night with messages reminding residents to burn mosquito coils and to empty out standing water. One community worker, surnamed Chen, said in an interview that she spends about 10 hours a day inspecting public places and homes, walking up and down flights of stairs.

佛山的药店已开始追踪购买发烧、皮疹或关节疼痛药物的人，这引发了网友的担忧，担心这些数据会被用来识别潜在感染者。佛山的摩天大楼在夜间亮起灯光标语，提醒居民点蚊香、倒积水。一位陈姓社区工作者在采访中表示，她每天花大约10个小时检查公共场所和家庭，上下楼梯来回奔波。

For some residents, there is little point in resisting the campaign. Cy Chen, 22, a recent graduate living in Foshan, was told to stay in the hospital isolation ward after testing positive instead of returning home.

对一些居民来说，抵制这场运动毫无意义。22岁的赛·陈（音）是一名住在佛山的应届毕业生，她在检测结果呈阳性后被告知要留在医院隔离病房，不能回家。

“I was already infected, so there was no use in getting upset. I might as well cooperate,” she said.

“感觉都中招了，激动也没用，还不如配合治疗，”她说。