茉莉花新闻网

中華青年思想與行動的聚合地

拒中国学生于门外?但也许他们已不需要美国

BETHANY ALLEN, JENNY WONG LEUNG

2025年10月21日

Arne Bellstorf

President Trump and other influential Republicans want to stop Chinese students from enrolling in strategic technology fields at top U.S. colleges and universities.

特朗普总统和其他有影响力的共和党人希望阻止中国学生进入美国顶尖高校的战略性技术领域

At the heart of this push lies the fear that the United States could fall behind in the science and tech race with China. The former U.S. representative Mike Gallagher, a China hawk, called it “absurd” for America to train researchers from a country dedicated to “surpassing the U.S. in emerging technologies.”

这一举措的核心在于担心美国在与中国的科技竞赛中落后。前联邦众议员、对华鹰派人士迈克·加拉格尔称,美国为一个致力于“在新兴技术领域超越美国”的国家培养研究人员是“荒谬的”

This logic overlooks a startling new reality: China is already surpassing the United States in science and technology research. Chinese students no longer need to go to America for world-class research experience in the fields that will shape our future. Barring China’s best minds from American campuses will only drive more of them into a Chinese academic research system increasingly integrated with the country’s defense sector and geared toward building national power.

这种逻辑忽略了一个惊人的新现实:中国已经在科技研究领域超越了美国。中国学生要想在塑造未来的领域获取世界一流研究经验,已经不再需要到美国来。禁止中国最优秀的人才进入美国校园,只会将更多人推向与中国国防部门日益融合、旨在增强国家实力的中国学术研究体系。

Data compiled by our teams at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute suggests that U.S. universities trail their Chinese counterparts in cutting-edge research in dozens of emerging technologies. We have combed through millions of scientific papers indexed on Web of Science, one of the world’s most comprehensive databases of peer-reviewed studies, to identify the most influential and high-impact research. We’ve then used that data to rank universities around the world in 64 critical technologies.

我们的澳大利亚战略政策研究所团队汇编的数据显示,美国高校在数十个新兴技术的前沿研究中落后于中国大学。我们梳理了Web of Science这一全球最全面的同行评审研究数据库中索引的数百万篇科学论文,识别最有影响力和最有冲击力的研究。然后,我们利用这些数据对全球大学在64个关键技术领域的表现进行排名。

Our findings are striking.

我们的发现令人震惊。

China takes the No. 1 spot globally in 57 of those fields. In most of them, Chinese schools don’t just take the top slot; they dominate the top 10.

中国在其中57个领域位居全球第一。在大多数领域,中国大学不仅居于首位,还在前十名中占据多数。

By these metrics, the world’s best school for research based on aggregate performance across all technologies is Tsinghua University in Beijing, which ranks in the global top 10 in 29 of the 64 domains. In three of them — artificial intelligence algorithms and hardware accelerators, adversarial A.I. and autonomous systems operations — Tsinghua is No. 1 in the world. America’s best performer, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, makes the top 10 in just 10 areas of research and ranks first in two of them.

根据这些指标,基于所有技术领域的综合表现,全球最好的研究型大学是北京的清华大学,它在64个领域中有29个进入全球前十,在人工智能算法和硬件加速器、对抗人工智能以及自主系统运行这三个领域位居世界第一。美国表现最好的麻省理工学院仅在十个研究领域进入前十,并在其中两个领域排名第一。

We found that nine out of the 10 best overall performers are Chinese universities. That’s not even factoring in nonuniversity institutions like the state-run Chinese Academy of Sciences, which, if included, would be the world’s top performer, placing first in 28 of the 64 disciplines.

我们发现,综合表现最好的十所大学中有九所是中国大学。这还没有将中国科学院等非大学机构纳入考虑,如果纳入统计,中国科学院将是全球表现最好的机构,在64个学科中的28个位居第一。

Data based on published scientific papers can’t tell the whole story, of course. Chinese universities still don’t provide the sort of well-rounded education across a diverse range of disciplines that keeps U.S. universities like Harvard and Yale high on most global rankings.

当然,基于已发表科学论文的数据无法反映全部情况。中国大学仍无法提供哈佛和耶鲁等美国大学在多种学科全面教育方面的高排名。

But high-tech research performance often leads to industrial dominance. Chinese institutions hold the highest spots in our rankings in technologies that underpin industries either already dominated by China — including drones, solar panels and electric vehicles — or where the country is making rapid progress, including nuclear energy technology and robotics.

但高科技研究表现往往带来产业主导地位。在支撑中国已经主导的产业领域(如无人机、太阳能电池板和电动车)或快速进步的领域(如核能和机器人技术),中国机构在我们的技术排名中位居前列。

Beijing also is building a national innovation system — linking academia, industry and defense — designed to bolster China’s military and technological strength. In recent years, dozens of China’s top 60 universities have established an expanding array of labs and research centers dedicated to pushing forward technologies with dual civilian and military uses, according to our research. Some of these initiatives were jointly founded by top Chinese tech companies such as Huawei. China also has strengthened research cooperation between prestigious universities and state-owned defense conglomerates, creating channels for technological breakthroughs to flow directly into military use.

北京还在构建一个连接学术界、工业界和国防部门的国家创新体系,旨在增强中国的军事和技术实力。根据我们的研究,近年来,中国前60所顶尖大学中,有数十所建立了越来越多的实验室和研究中心,致力于推动军民两用的前沿技术。其中一些项目由华为等中国顶尖科技公司联合创立。中国还加强了顶尖大学与国有国防企业集团之间的研究合作,为技术突破直接流入军事用途创造了渠道。

This expanding ecosystem and the professional opportunities it affords incentivizes students to study in China, fast-tracking them into careers in strategic industries. It also keeps the country’s best and brightest cocooned within a politically secure domestic system, minimizing their exposure to notions of liberal democracy and human rights.

这一不断扩展的生态系统及其提供的职业机会激励学生在中国学习,加速他们进入战略产业的职业生涯。这还意味着国家可以将最优秀的人才保护在一个政治上安全的国内体系中,最大限度地减少他们接触自由民主和人权观念的机会。

Beijing is investing heavily. In March, it announced plans to set up a $138 billion venture capital fund to support start-ups focused on strategic technologies such as quantum computing, semiconductors and A.I. The Trump administration, by contrast, has slashed billions of dollars in research funding.

北京正在大力投资。今年3月,中国宣布计划设立1380亿美元的风险投资基金,支持专注于量子计算、半导体和人工智能等战略技术的初创企业。相比之下,特朗普政府削减了数十亿美元的研究经费。

In the past, no other country could compete with America’s top universities — a potent source of soft power that helped reinforce core U.S. values such as freedom of academic inquiry and overall national prestige. As the latest proposals to restrict Chinese student enrollment make clear, U.S. policymakers have come to view access to the country’s higher education system as a generous benefit bestowed upon the rest of the world.

过去,没有其他国家能与美国顶尖大学竞争——这些大学是美国软实力的重要来源,有助于强化学术探究自由等核心美国价值观,并提升国家声望。近期限制中国学生入学的提案,意味着美国政策制定者已将进入美国高等教育体系视为对世界其他地区的慷慨恩惠。

China is challenging that notion.

中国正在挑战这一观念。

Its universities are already luring more foreign scientists and students, many of whom are drawn by research opportunities or repelled by Mr. Trump’s policies and stratospheric U.S. tuition fees.

中国的各大高校已经在吸引更多外国科学家学生,其中许多人被研究机会吸引,或因特朗普的政策和高昂的美国学费而却步。

We may soon face a world in which U.S. universities must compete fiercely for top global academic talent. Price-conscious American STEM students might even begin to put Chinese schools — many of which offer English-language programs at affordable costs — on the radar when college application season rolls around.

我们可能很快会面临一个美国大学必须为全球顶尖学术人才展开激烈竞争的世界。待大学申请季到来时,注重性价比的美国STEM学生甚至可能开始考虑中国大学——其中许多学校提供英语课程且费用低廉。

All of this puts China in a position to claim leadership in a defining sphere of human achievement: science itself. Cutting off promising Chinese students from study in the United States will only hasten this trajectory, weakening American competitiveness and national security by funneling more of China’s best talent into President Xi Jinping’s superpower-building project.

所有这一切,让中国有资格在科学这一人类成就的关键领域内宣称它占据领导地位。切断有前途的中国学生在美国学习的机会,只会加速这一趋势,将更多中国顶尖人才导向习近平的超级大国建设项目中,从而削弱美国的竞争力和国家安全。

Bethany Allen是澳大利亚战略政策研究所中国调查团队负责人。她是《北京规则:中国如何利用经济武器对抗世界》一书的作者,现居台湾台北。

Jenny Wong Leung是澳大利亚战略政策研究所网络、技术和安全项目的高级分析师和数据科学家。她常驻澳大利亚堪培拉,曾任澳大利亚国立大学物理学副教授。

翻译:纽约时报中文网

点击查看本文英文版。

同类信息

查看全部

茉莉花论坛作为一个开放社区,允许您发表任何符合社区规定的文章和评论。

茉莉花新闻网

        中国茉莉花革命网始创于2011年2月20日,受阿拉伯之春的感召,大家共同组织、发起了中国茉莉花革命。后由数名义工无偿坚持至今,并发展成为广受翻墙网民欢迎的新闻聚合网站并提供论坛服务。

新闻汇总

邮件订阅

输入您的邮件地址:

linkedin facebook pinterest youtube rss twitter instagram facebook-blank rss-blank linkedin-blank pinterest youtube twitter instagram