Former President Joseph R. Biden Jr. was diagnosed on Friday with an aggressive form of prostate cancer that has spread to his bones, his office said in a statement on Sunday.

前总统拜登的办公室周日在一份声明中称，拜登于周五被诊断出患有一种侵袭性前列腺癌，且已扩散至骨骼。

The diagnosis came after Mr. Biden reported urinary symptoms, which led doctors to find a “small nodule” on his prostate. Mr. Biden’s cancer is “characterized by a Gleason score of 9” with “metastasis to the bone,” the statement said.

声明称，在拜登报告出现泌尿症状后，医生在其前列腺发现一个“小结节”。拜登的癌症“格里森评分为9分”且“已转移至骨骼”。

The Gleason score is used to describe how prostate cancers look under a microscope; 9 and 10 are the most aggressive. The cancer is Stage 4, which means it has spread.

格里森评分用于描述前列腺癌在显微镜下的特征，9分和10分代表恶性程度最高。拜登的癌症为4期，意味着已扩散。

“While this represents a more aggressive form of the disease, the cancer appears to be hormone-sensitive which allows for effective management,” according to the statement from Mr. Biden’s office, which was unsigned. “The president and his family are reviewing treatment options with his physicians.”

拜登办公室未署名的声明提到：“尽管这是一种侵袭性较强的癌症，但它对激素敏感，可以有效控制。总统和家人正在与医生讨论治疗方案。”

Mr. Biden, 82, left office in January as the oldest-serving president in American history. Throughout his presidency, Mr. Biden faced questions about his age and his health, ultimately leading him to abandon his re-election campaign under pressure from his own party.

82岁的拜登于今年1月卸任，是美国历史上任职时年龄最大的总统。整个总统任期内，他一直面临关于年龄和健康的质疑，最终在他自己政党的压力下放弃连任竞选。

Prostate cancer experts say that Mr. Biden’s diagnosis is serious, and that once the cancer has spread to the bones — where it tends to go — it cannot be cured. But Dr. Judd Moul, a prostate cancer expert at Duke University, said men whose prostate cancer has spread “can live five, seven, 10 or more years.”

前列腺癌专家指出，拜登的病情严重，且癌症一旦扩散至骨骼——这是常见转移部位——便无法治愈。但杜克大学前列腺癌专家贾德·莫尔博士表示，前列腺癌扩散的患者“可能存活5年、7年、10年甚至更久”。

The first line of attack is to cut off the testosterone that feeds prostate cancer. Dr. Moul said that when he started out as a urologist in the 1980s, this was done by removing a man’s testicles. Today, men have a choice of two drugs given by injection that block the testicles from making testosterone or a pill that does the same thing. In addition, men take drugs that block any testosterone that manages to be made despite the drugs that inhibit its production.

一线治疗方案是切断滋养前列腺癌的睾酮。莫尔称，20世纪80年代他刚成为泌尿科医生时，还需通过手术切除睾丸实现这一点；如今患者可选择注射两种药物或服用一种药片来抑制睾丸分泌睾酮，同时还需服用药物阻断其他途径产生的睾酮。

Dr. Moul said he sees men Mr. Biden’s age with similar prostate cancer diagnoses on a regular basis. “Survival rates have almost tripled in the last decade,” he said.

莫尔表示，他经常接诊与拜登年龄相仿、病情相似的前列腺癌患者。“过去十年，存活率提高了将近两倍，”他说。

President Trump, who has repeatedly bashed Mr. Biden and blames him for most of the country’s problems, was among those who issued supportive statements on Sunday evening.

曾多次抨击拜登并将美国诸多问题归咎于他的特朗普总统也在周日晚间发表声明以示支持。

“Melania and I are saddened to hear about Joe Biden’s recent medical diagnosis,” Mr. Trump wrote on social media. “We extend our warmest and best wishes to Jill and the family, and we wish Joe a fast and successful recovery.

“我和梅拉尼娅听闻乔·拜登最近的病情诊断后深感难过，”特朗普在社交媒体上写道，“我们向吉尔和他的家人致以最温暖的祝福，祝愿乔早日成功康复。”

Former Vice President Kamala Harris, who served with Mr. Biden, said she and her husband were “saddened” to learn of the former president’s diagnosis.

曾与拜登共事的前副总统卡贺锦丽称，她和丈夫得知前总统的诊断后“非常难过”。

“Joe is a fighter — and I know he will face this challenge with the same strength, resilience, and optimism that have always defined his life and leadership,” she wrote on social media. “We are hopeful for a full and speedy recovery.”

“乔是个斗士——我知道他会以一贯的力量、韧性和乐观面对这一挑战，这些都是他的人生和领导力的鲜明标志，”她在社交媒体上写道，“我们期待他全面、迅速康复。”

Since leaving office, Mr. Biden has largely kept a low profile, spending most of his time in Delaware and commuting to Washington to meet with staff to plan his post-presidential life. After Mr. Trump passed the 100-day mark, and ahead of the release of books about his presidency and the 2024 campaign, Mr. Biden participated in interviews to push back against claims that he suffered from mental decline.

卸任后，拜登基本保持低调，大部分时间待在特拉华州，偶尔前往华盛顿与幕僚会面，规划卸任后的生活。在特朗普执政满100天之际，以及关于拜登总统任期和2024年竞选的几本书籍出版前，他接受采访反驳了关于自己精神衰退的说法。

“They are wrong,” Mr. Biden said during an interview on “The View.” “There’s nothing to sustain that.”

“他们错了，”拜登在《观点》节目采访中表示，“没有任何依据支持这种说法。”

He also said that he could have defeated Mr. Trump had he not dropped out of the race.

他还称，若未退出竞选，本可以击败特朗普。

Still, many top Democrats have been forced to reckon with their staunch support of Mr. Biden’s re-election campaign before a disastrous debate last June, in which he appeared disoriented and listless. After dropping out, Mr. Biden endorsed Ms. Harris, who lost to Mr. Trump.

然而，许多民主党高层曾经坚定支持拜登连任，直至去年6月那场灾难性的辩论令他们不得不重新考虑，当时他在辩论中显得精神恍惚、无精打采。退选后，拜登为贺锦丽的竞选背书，但后者最终输给了特朗普。

Adding fuel to the fire was the release this weekend of the audio from Mr. Biden’s 2023 interview with Robert K. Hur, the special counsel who investigated his handling of classified documents. Axios published the full five-hour tape ahead of the Trump administration’s plans to release it this week, and it reveals Mr. Biden’s halting voice and his difficulty providing dates and details.

雪上加霜的是，拜登在2023年接受特别检察官罗伯特·赫尔问讯的音频本周末被曝光。Axios网站在特朗普政府计划本周公布该音频之前发布了完整的五小时录音，其中拜登声音迟疑，难以清晰回忆日期和细节。

Mr. Hur ultimately declined to recommend charges against Mr. Biden in part because, he said, a jury would find the president to be a “sympathetic, well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory.”

赫尔最终拒绝建议起诉拜登，部分原因是他认为陪审团会将总统视为“富有同情心、善意但记忆不佳的老人”。

In February 2024, when Mr. Biden was still president, his longtime doctor declared him “fit to serve” after he underwent a routine physical at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.

2024年2月，拜登仍在任时，其长期私人医生在他于沃尔特里德国家军事医疗中心完成例行体检后宣布他“适合履职”。

Mr. Biden and his family have faced numerous health challenges throughout their lives. In 1988, Mr. Biden battled two brain aneurysms that threatened to end his political career. His son Beau died in 2015 from glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer.

拜登及其家人一生中多次面临健康挑战。1988年，拜登曾患两处脑动脉瘤，险些终结他的政治生涯；2015年，他的儿子博因患一种称为胶质母细胞瘤的侵袭性脑癌去世。

When Mr. Biden was asked in January, shortly before leaving office, whether he would have had the vigor to serve another four years, he said he did not know.

今年1月卸任前被问及是否有精力再任职四年时，拜登说他不知道。

“Who the hell knows? So far, so good,” he said in an interview with USA Today. “But who knows what I’m going to be when I’m 86 years old?”

“谁知道呢？目前还好，”他在接受《今日美国》采访时说，“但谁知道我86岁时会怎样呢？”