The Trump administration on Tuesday added 80 companies and organizations to a list of companies that are barred from buying American technology and other exports because of national security concerns.

周二，特朗普政府将80家公司和组织列入因国家安全考虑而被禁止购买美国技术和其他出口产品的公司名单。

The move, which targeted primarily Chinese firms, cracks down on companies that have been big buyers of American chips from Nvidia, Intel and AMD. It also closed loopholes that Trump administration officials have long criticized as allowing Chinese firms to continue to advance technologically despite U.S. restrictions.

这一举措主要针对的是中国公司，旨在打击那些从英伟达、英特尔和AMD购买美国芯片的大型买家。它还弥补了特朗普政府官员长期以来批评的漏洞，这些漏洞允许中国公司在美国的限制下继续推进技术进步。

One company added to the list, Nettrix Information Industry, was the focus of a 2024 investigation by The New York Times that showed how some Chinese executives had bypassed U.S. restrictions aimed at cutting China off from advanced chips to make artificial intelligence.

名单上新增的公司宁畅信息产业是《纽约时报》2024年一项调查的重点，该调查显示了一些中国高管如何绕过美国旨在阻止中国获得制造人工智能的先进芯片的限制。

Nettrix, one of China’s largest makers of computer servers that are used to produce artificial intelligence, was started by a group of former executives from Sugon, a firm that provided advanced computing to the Chinese military and built a system the government used to surveil persecuted minorities in the western Xinjiang region.

宁畅是中国最大的用于生产人工智能的计算机服务器制造商之一，该公司由一群中科曙光公司的前高管创建。曙光向中国军方提供先进的计算技术，并建立了一个系统，被政府用来监视新疆西部地区受迫害的少数民族。

In 2019, the United States added Sugon to its “entity list,” restricting exports over national security concerns. The Times investigation found that, six months later, the executives formed Nettrix, using Sugon’s technology and inheriting some of its customers. Times reporters also found that Nettrix’s owners shared a complex in eastern China with Sugon and other related companies.

2019年，美国将曙光列入“实体清单”，以国家安全担忧为由限制对其出口。《纽约时报》的调查发现，六个月后，这些高管组建了宁畅，使用曙光的技术，并继承了它的一些客户。时报记者还发现，宁畅的所有者与曙光和其他相关公司共用位于中国东部的一座综合大楼。

After Sugon was singled out and restricted by the United States, its longtime partners — Nvidia, Intel and Microsoft — quickly formed ties with Nettrix, the investigation found.

调查发现，在曙光被美国点名限制后，其长期合作伙伴英伟达、英特尔和微软迅速与宁畅建立了联系。

Records obtained through WireScreen, a business intelligence platform, showed that Sugon and Nettrix have links to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a vast research institution that develops chip technology, parts of which the United States has placed under sanctions for national security concerns. Procurement documents indicated that Nettrix had sold servers to universities that host defense laboratories and cybersecurity firms that work with the military and on China’s Great Firewall, among other customers.

通过商业情报平台WireScreen获得的记录显示，曙光、宁畅都与中国科学院有关联。中国科学院是一家在从事芯片技术开发的大型研究机构，美国出于国家安全考虑对其部分业务实施了制裁。采购文件显示，宁畅曾向设有国防实验室的大学、与军方合作的网络安全公司以及中国防火墙等客户出售服务器。

The Trump administration added 54 companies and organizations from China to the entity list on Tuesday, as well as more than two dozen from Iran, Pakistan, South Africa, the United Arab Emirates and Taiwan.

特朗普政府周二在实体清单上增加了的公司中包括54家中国公司和组织，还有来自伊朗、巴基斯坦、南非、阿拉伯联合酋长国和台湾的20多家公司和组织。

The added entities had made contributions to Pakistani nuclear activities and its missile program, advanced China’s quantum technology capabilities and hypersonic weapons development, and tried to circumvent U.S. controls on Iran, among other actions, the administration said.

政府表示，新增实体的行为包括为巴基斯坦的核活动及其导弹计划提供帮助，推动中国的量子技术能力和高超音速武器的发展，试图绕过美国对伊朗的控制等。

“We will not allow adversaries to exploit American technology to bolster their own militaries and threaten American lives,” Howard Lutnick, the secretary of commerce, said in a statement.

“我们不会允许对手利用美国的技术来加强自己的军事力量，威胁美国人的生命，”商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克在声明中说。

The Trump administration also expanded its penalties on Tuesday to several subsidiaries of Inspur Group, which has been a significant customer of Intel and other U.S. technology firms. The administration said those entities had aided Inspur’s development of supercomputers that were used by the Chinese military, and had tried to acquire U.S. technology in support of that.

周二，特朗普政府还将处罚范围扩大到浪潮集团的几家子公司，浪潮集团一直是英特尔和其他美国科技公司的重要客户。美国政府表示，这些子公司曾帮助浪潮开发中国军方使用的超级计算机，并试图获得美国技术以支持这一开发。

The Biden administration added Inspur’s parent company to the entity list in 2023, but after a brief pause, U.S. companies continued to do business with Inspur’s subsidiaries. Inspur Group moved its registered address to a location about a mile away from its parent group in 2023.

拜登政府于2023年将浪潮的母公司列入实体清单，但美国公司在短期暂停之后，继续与浪潮的子公司开展业务。2023年，浪潮集团将注册地址搬到了离母公司约1.5公里的地方。

Trade experts have said the impact of U.S. entity listings can be easy for companies to dodge, because the entity listing is tied to a specific name and address.

贸易专家表示，企业很容易避开被美国列入实体清单的影响，因为实体清单与特定的名称和地址挂钩。

Tuesday’s entity listings together will affect a significant portion of the Chinese market for servers, a type of computer that is necessary to generate artificial intelligence. The Trump administration also added a special designation to its restrictions to expand the penalties globally, which will stop companies from trying to bypass U.S. rules by exporting products to the Chinese firms from countries other than the United States.

周二的实体清单将影响中国服务器市场的很大一部分，服务器是一种生成人工智能所必需的计算机。特朗普政府还在其限制措施中增加了一个特别指定，将处罚范围扩大到全球，这将阻止公司试图绕过美国的规定，从美国以外的国家向中国公司出口产品。

The entity list was created under the Clinton administration to prevent adversaries from developing weapons of mass destruction, but presidents have wielded it increasingly aggressively over the past decade.

实体清单是克林顿政府为防止对手发展大规模杀伤性武器而制定的，但过去10年的几任总统越来越积极地使用该清单。

Other groups added to the list Tuesday included the Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, which the administration said was added for trying to acquire A.I. models and chips in support of China’s military modernization.

周二被列入名单的其他机构还包括北京智源人工智能研究院。政府表示，该研究院被列入名单是因为它试图获取人工智能模型和芯片，以支持中国的军事现代化。