President Trump’s seizure of Venezuela’s oil and his on-again, off-again vows to acquire Greenland, by force if necessary, have underscored the new threat that Washington poses to nations’ sovereignty.

特朗普总统夺取委内瑞拉石油资源，还时断时续地宣称要吞并格陵兰岛，必要时不惜动用武力，他的种种言行凸显了华盛顿对各国主权构成的新威胁。

The land and resource grabs have alarmed even once-close allies, compelling them to consider other, less obvious risks. The most pointed stems from American dominance over the global financial networks and technology systems that undergird nearly every purchase or exchange of information made by citizens, businesses and governments.

这种对土地和资源的掠夺甚至让昔日关系密切的盟友也警觉起来，迫使他们开始考虑其他尚不醒目的风险。其中最尖锐的担忧源自美国对全球金融网络和技术系统的主导地位——而这些系统支撑着公民、企业和各国政府几乎所有购买行为或信息交换。

Allies are concerned for their financial independence and the security of confidential national data.

盟友们担心自身的金融独立以及国家机密数据的安全。

The risks may be harder to visualize than crashing through a nation’s border and carting off its valuable crude. But they have revived efforts, particularly in Europe, to strengthen control over these critical, though unseen, sources of autonomy and power.

这些风险或许不像冲破国界、掠走其宝贵的原油那样直观可见，却促使相关国家（尤其是欧洲）重新加强管控这些虽然无形却关乎自主与权力的关键要素。

European leaders have stepped up their push to reduce reliance on big American tech firms like Amazon, Google and Microsoft for cloud computing, and on financial services titans like Mastercard and Visa for payment systems.

欧洲领导人已加紧行动，力求在云计算领域减少对亚马逊、谷歌、微软等美国科技巨头的依赖，在支付系统层面降低对万事达卡、维萨等金融服务巨擘的依附。

The move to secure what are being labeled monetary sovereignty and digital sovereignty is part of a broader effort to reduce Europe’s dependence on American weapons, trade, technology and more.

这场围绕所谓“货币主权”和“数字主权”的保障行动是欧洲力图摆脱对美国武器、贸易、技术等领域依赖这一更宏大努力的一部分。

At a summit in Belgium this week, President Emmanuel Macron of France warned that the reliance makes the continent more vulnerable to economic and political coercion from the White House, and he urged other European leaders to seize “the Greenland moment” to do something about it.

本周在比利时举行的峰会上，法国总统马克龙警告说，这种依赖使欧洲大陆更容易受到白宫的经济和政治胁迫。他敦促其他欧洲领导人抓住“格陵兰时刻”，以此为契机采取行动。

Economists and bankers have also been urging lawmakers to approve the creation of a digital euro — the online version of cash — to lessen dependence on American financial service companies and networks.

经济学家和银行家也一直在敦促立法者批准创建“数字欧元”——即现金的线上版本——以减少对美国金融服务公司和支付网络的依赖。

法国总统马克龙在比利时的一场峰会上就欧洲的技术依赖发出警告。

“Trump was elected and everyone started getting very, very scared,” said Dan Davies, formerly an economist at the Bank of England. Europeans woke up to Mr. Trump’s willingness to use their needs to squeeze Europe and realized “now this is obviously a national security issue.”

“特朗普当选后，所有人都变得非常、非常担忧，”曾担任英格兰银行经济学家的丹·戴维斯表示。欧洲人猛然意识到，特朗普不惜利用欧洲的需求来压榨欧洲，并惊觉“这显然已是个国家安全议题”。

Nearly two-thirds of the transactions in countries that use the euro, the second-most commonly used currency in global trade, were handled by Mastercard or Visa in 2025, according to the European Central Bank. And at least 13 European nations, including Austria, Spain and Ireland, have no nationally controlled option for in-store or online digital payments.

据欧洲中央银行数据，2025年，在欧元区（欧元为全球贸易第二大货币）的交易中，近三分之二经由万事达或维萨处理。而包括奥地利、西班牙、爱尔兰在内的至少13个欧洲国家在实体店或线上支付领域均无可独立掌控的本国方案。

The issue gained urgency as leaders began to consider that powerful tools that Washington once reserved for adversaries like Russia and Iran could be turned on them.

随着各国领导人开始意识到华盛顿曾用来对付俄罗斯和伊朗等对手的强大工具也可能被用在他们身上，这一议题的紧迫性骤增。

The risk is rising that Europe could “lose control over the most fundamental element in our economy: our money,” 70 prominent economists and other experts wrote in a letter to the European Parliament last month.

上个月，70位知名经济学家和来自其他领域的专家在致欧洲议会的一封信中写道，欧洲面临的风险正在上升，它可能会“失去对我们经济中最根本要素——我们的货币——的控制”。

Christine Lagarde, president of the European Central Bank, has pointed to Mr. Trump’s decision to impose sanctions on judges and prosecutors at the International Criminal Court for investigating whether Israel committed war crimes in Gaza. Mr. Trump’s action effectively cut off their access to digital and financial services, including credit cards.

欧洲央行行长克里斯蒂娜·拉加德指出，特朗普曾因国际刑事法院调查以色列是否在加沙犯下战争罪而对相关法官和检察官实施制裁。特朗普的举措实际上切断了他们的数字及金融服务渠道，包括信用卡的使用。

And because the executive order barred U.S. companies from providing services to those listed, the chief prosecutor’s email account provided by Microsoft was turned off.

而且，由于该行政命令禁止美国公司向被列入名单的人提供服务，国际刑事法院首席检察官由微软提供的电子邮箱账户亦遭停用。

欧洲央行行长拉加德警告，美国的制裁正威胁欧洲的金融主权。

The move set off shudders among government and security officials throughout Europe as an illustration of Mr. Trump’s quickness to leverage America’s financial and tech dominance to punish opponents even in allied countries.

这一举动在整个欧洲的政府和安全官员中引发震动，因为它清楚地展示了特朗普多么迅速地利用美国在金融和科技领域的主导地位去惩罚对手——即便这些对手来自盟友国家。

“That gives you one very specific example of how we are not effectively sovereign in our own garden,” Ms. Lagarde said in an interview with The Financial Times.

“这正是一个非常具体的例子，说明我们在自家院子里都谈不上真正的主权，”拉加德在接受《金融时报》采访时表示。

The Trump administration’s embrace of stablecoins and cryptocurrencies has only ratcheted up concerns in the European Union about control of the euro.

特朗普政府对稳定币和加密货币的支持也进一步加剧了欧盟对欧元控制权的担忧。

Worries about the integrity of sensitive and private information, too, are rising.

与此同时，对敏感与私人信息安全性的忧虑也在上升。

Legislation passed by Congress in recent years, including changes to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and a law known as the CLOUD Act, gives the U.S. government additional powers to spy on foreigners’ communications without a warrant and to force American companies to hand over data from anywhere around the globe.

近年美国国会通过的多项立法——包括《外国情报监视法》修订案及《澄清境外合法使用数据法》（简称云法案）——赋予美国政府更大的权力，可以在没有搜查令的情况下监控外国人的通信，并强制美国公司交出全球任何地方的数据。

Mr. Trump has also threatened the 27-member European Union with tariffs if it tries to regulate or tax American tech firms.

特朗普还威胁称，若欧盟试图对美国科技公司施以监管或征税，将对这一拥有27个成员国的集团加征关税。

The risk of “exposing our scientific exchanges, sensitive data and strategic innovations to non-European actors” prompted the French government to order all state workers to stop using the American-owned video platform Zoom and switch to a homegrown alternative, Visio.

“将我们的科学交流、敏感数据及战略创新暴露于非欧盟行为体”的风险促使法国政府下令所有公职人员停止使用美国拥有的视频平台Zoom，改用本土替代方案Visio。

Municipalities in Germany, Denmark and France have also been shifting from American-owned systems to European or other alternatives.

德国、丹麦及法国等国的市政当局亦陆续弃用美国拥有的系统，转向欧洲或其他地区的替代方案。

今年1月，丹麦哥本哈根民众走上街头，抗议特朗普总统对格陵兰岛的威胁。

But there can be glitches. The Netherlands had hired Solvinity, a Dutch cloud company, to operate its national digital identity system. But in November, the firm announced an agreement to be acquired by the American multinational Kyndryl.

但这种转型过程中也会出现问题。荷兰曾聘请一家荷兰云计算公司Solvinity运营其国家数字身份系统。但在去年11月，这家公司宣布已达成协议，将被美国的跨国企业Kyndryl收购。

European leaders have vowed to spend billions to build cloud computing infrastructure and develop artificial intelligence and quantum computing.

欧洲领导人已承诺投入数十亿欧元，用于建设云计算基础设施，并发展人工智能和量子计算。

Reducing dependence on American tech or financial services firms is easier said than done.

然而，减少对美国科技或金融服务公司的依赖说起来容易，做起来却很难。

The banking industry in Europe, which is developing private payment alternatives, has opposed a digital euro, and so have far-right political parties, citing concerns about privacy and economic centralization.

欧洲银行业正在开发私营支付替代方案，却始终反对推出数字欧元；一些极右翼政党也持反对态度，理由是担心隐私问题和经济权力过度集中。

As for digital technologies, at least 80 percent of Europe’s are imported, according to a recent report by European Digital SME Alliance, a trade group. In 2013, Europe controlled about 22 percent of the global market for information and communications technology. By 2022, it was only about 11 percent.

至于数字技术，根据行业组织欧洲数字中小企业联盟最近发布的报告，欧洲至少80%的数字技术依赖进口。2013年，欧洲曾占全球信息与通信技术市场约22%的份额；到2022年，这一比例已降至11%左右。