The emerging shock of climbing oil prices rumbled through Asia, where countries, rich and poor, tried to contain the economic fallout from the escalating war in the Middle East.

随着油价不断攀升的冲击开始显现，亚洲各国无论富裕还是贫穷，都在努力遏制中东不断升级的战争带来的经济冲击。

South Korea announced on Monday it would cap prices at the pump for the first time in nearly 30 years. In India, the city of Pune has temporarily suspended gas-based cremations, asking customers to use wood or electricity instead. Pakistan said it would increase gasoline prices by about 20 percent to throttle demand from regular drivers and allow diesel costs to remain low for trucks and buses.

韩国周一宣布，将对加油站的油价设定上限，这是近30年来首次。在印度，浦纳市已暂停使用天然气进行火化，要求民众改用木材或电力。巴基斯坦表示，将把汽油价格提高约20%，以抑制普通驾驶者的用油需求，同时让柴油价格保持低位，以减轻卡车和公交车的负担。

As the price of crude oil soared above $100 а barrel, governments are being forced to take increasingly extreme measures to protect consumers from punishing price increases and to constrain energy use to prevent shortages in a conflict with no end in sight. Few parts of the world are as acutely exposed as Asia to the curtailment of oil and gas from the Middle East, which accounts for a majority of the region’s energy imports.

随着原油价格飙升至每桶100美元以上，各国政府被迫采取越来越极端的措施，一方面保护消费者免受油价大幅上涨的冲击，另一方面限制能源使用，以防在这场看不到尽头的冲突中出现能源短缺。世界上很少有地区像亚洲这样对中东石油和天然气供应减少如此敏感，因为中东占该地区能源进口的大部分。

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow passage between Iran and Oman that separates the world’s biggest oil and natural gas producers from their customers. Historically, roughly 20 million barrels pass through it each day, most of it bound for Asia. The strait has been effectively closed to seaborne traffic because of the conflict, leaving governments scrambling for solutions to keep fuel flowing and prices from spiraling out of control.

霍尔木兹海峡是伊朗和阿曼之间的一条狭窄通道，它将世界最大的石油和天然气生产国与它们的客户分隔开来。从以往来看，每天约有2000万桶石油通过这里，其中大部分运往亚洲。由于这场冲突，该海峡实际上已经对海上运输关闭，使得各国政府不得不急忙寻找解决办法，以确保燃料供应并防止价格失控。

“There’s no replacement for that,” said Edward C. Chow, a former executive at Chevron who led international external affairs and managed operations in China. “The market sees a physical supply shortage.”

“这是无可替代的，”曾在雪佛龙负责国际对外事务和中国业务的爱德华·周说。“市场看到的是实打实的供应短缺。”

At gas stations across Hanoi, Vietnam, “sold out” signs have started to appear, with around 15 to 20 stations shutting their pumps in recent days. The authorities tried to reassure people on Monday that the country had enough oil in reserve for at least a month, urging residents not to stockpile gasoline or diesel.

在越南河内的加油站，“售罄”的标志已经开始出现，最近几天约有15到20家加油站停止供油。当地政府周一试图安抚民众，称该国至少还有一个月的石油储备，并呼吁民众不要囤积汽油或柴油。

Hoang Van Thang, 29, a motorbike taxi driver, said he waited 30 minutes to fill up his tank at a gas station in central Hanoi; he usually waited five minutes. He said his daily spending on gasoline had risen about 20 percent over the past week as fuel prices continued to climb.

29岁的摩的司机黄文胜（音）说，他在河内市中心的一家加油站等了30分钟才加满油，而平时只需要等五分钟。他说，随着油价持续上涨，在过去一周里，他每天花在汽油上的开支已经增加了约20%。

“The higher gasoline prices are eating into my daily income,” he said. “The increase in gasoline prices will push up the cost of everything else, from vegetables and meat to a bowl of pho.”

“油价上涨正在瓜分我每天的收入，”他说。“汽油价格上涨会推高所有其他商品的价格，从蔬菜、肉到河粉。”

Even if fighting stops soon, officials and analysts say the disruption to energy supply chains could last weeks.

官员和分析人士表示，即使战斗很快停止，能源供应链的中断也可能会持续数周。

Across Asia, governments have responded in different ways. Some are looking to limit the pain for consumers, while others are trying to ration scarce supplies.

在整个亚洲，各国政府采取了不同的应对方式。有些国家试图减轻消费者的痛苦，而另一些则试图定量配给稀缺的供应。

Tapping reserves.

动用储备。

Japan, South Korea and China are not ruling out the possibility of drawing down their vast reserves of oil set aside for times of crisis.

日本、韩国和中国都不排除动用为危机时期准备的大量石油储备的可能性。

When asked by a reporter whether China has decided to tap its reserves, Guo Jiakun, spokesman for China’s foreign ministry, said in the briefing on Monday that the country “will do what is necessary to protect its energy security.”

当记者询问中国是否已经决定动用石油储备时，中国外交部发言人郭嘉昆在周一的例行记者会上表示，中国“将采取必要措施保障自身能源安全”。

In Japan, government officials have instructed domestic oil-storage bases to prepare for a potential release of strategic reserves, local media reported on Monday. In a news conference, the country’s chief cabinet secretary, Minoru Kihara, said that no formal decision had been made to tap the reserves.

据日本媒体周一报道，日本政府官员已指示国内的石油储备基地为可能释放战略储备做好准备。在新闻发布会上，日本内阁官房长官木原稔表示，尚未就动用储备做出正式决定。

But accessing petroleum reserves is easier said than done, according to June Goh, a Singapore-based oil market analyst at Sparta, a commodities data firm. Reserves may not be easily retrieved, and it is challenging to get fuel to refiners before existing inventory runs out, she said.

但大宗商品数据公司Sparta驻新加坡的石油市场分析师吴朱妮（音）表示，动用石油储备说起来容易做起来难。她说，储备可能不易取用，而且在现有库存耗尽之前将燃料送到炼油厂手中也具有挑战性。

On Friday, Mitsubishi Chemical Group began scaling back production at a plant north of Tokyo that produces ethylene, a gas that is used to make plastics. Production at the plant was reduced after a disruption to the procurement of naphtha, a crude-derived feedstock used in ethylene production, according to a spokeswoman.

周五，三菱化学集团开始缩减其位于东京以北的一家工厂的产量。乙烯是一种用于制造塑料的气体。公司发言人称，该工厂减产的原因是用于乙烯生产的石脑油采购受阻。石脑油是一种由原油提炼而来的原料。

韩国总统李在明呼吁对汽油和柴油设定价格上限，并命令相关部门严厉打击囤积行为。

Capping prices.

设定价格上限。

In South Korea, officials on Monday moved to directly intervene in fuel markets. President Lee Jae Myung called for a price cap on gasoline and diesel and ordered the authorities to crack down on hoarding, collusion and price manipulation by refiners and gas stations.

在韩国，官员们周一采取行动直接干预燃料市场。总统李在明呼吁对汽油和柴油设定价格上限，并命令有关部门严厉打击炼油厂和加油站的囤积、串通以及价格操纵行为。

Price caps generally apply at the pump, limiting how much gas stations can charge motorists even as global crude prices surge. But such measures can shift the financial pressure elsewhere.

价格上限通常适用于零售环节，即在全球原油价格飙升的情况下，限制加油站向车主收取的费用。但此类措施可能会将财务压力转嫁到其他环节。

“If the government caps the retail price but doesn’t subsidize it, the cost falls on refiners,” Ms. Goh said. With crude prices climbing rapidly, forcing refiners to absorb the difference is not economical and “not a feasible solution in the short or medium term,” she said.

“如果政府设定零售价格上限但不提供补贴，那么成本就会落在炼油厂身上，”吴朱妮说。她表示，随着原油价格快速攀升，强迫炼油企业承担这部分差价并不经济，而且“在中短期内都不是可行的解决方案”。

The South Korean government has not yet announced how it will compensate suppliers for losses incurred from the price cap, the first of its kind in South Korea since the Asian financial crisis in 1997, said Kim Yong-beom, the chief policy coordinator at Mr. Lee’s office.

韩国总统室政策室长金容范表示，韩国政府尚未宣布将如何补偿因设定价格上限而遭受损失的供应商。这是自1997年亚洲金融危机以来韩国首次采取类似措施。

Taiwan, which imports more than 96 percent of its energy and gets about 60 percent of its oil through the strait, is racing to lock in supplies before they run out. About a quarter of its natural gas comes from Qatar, which halted production last week after Iranian strikes on two of its gas facilities.

台湾约96%以上的能源依赖进口，其中约60%的石油通过霍尔木兹海峡运输。如今，在供应耗尽之前，台湾正加紧锁定新的能源来源。台湾约四分之一的天然气来自卡塔尔，而卡塔尔在伊朗对其两处天然气设施发动袭击后，于上周暂停了生产。

To cover the shortfall through April, Taiwan needed to secure 22 vessels’ worth of natural gas shipments and had already contracted for 20 of them, the minister of economic affairs, Kung Ming-hsin, said Monday. “There will absolutely not be any gas shortages or power shortages,” he said. Taiwan also raised gasoline and diesel prices on Monday, but it said it was lowering commodity taxes at the same time to ease the impact on consumers and industry.

经济部长龚明鑫周一表示，为了弥补截至4月的供应缺口，台湾需要确保22艘液化天然气运输船的运量，目前已为其中20艘签订了合同。“绝对不会出现天然气短缺或电力短缺。”他说。台湾周一还上调了汽油和柴油价格，但同时表示将下调商品税，以减轻对消费者和产业的影响。

菲律宾的一家印刷厂。为节约能源，该国多个地方政府自周一起改为四天工作制。

Reducing demand.

减少需求。

Other governments are instead focusing on reducing energy usage.

其他国家政府则将重点放在减少能源消耗上。

Several local governments in the Philippines shifted to four-day work weeks on Monday. The governments of Manila, the capital; Cebu; and Negros Occidental said they were following President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.’s order for the executive branch to slash the number of working days.

菲律宾的多个地方政府周一开始实行每周四天工作制。首都马尼拉以及宿务和西内格罗斯省政府表示，他们正在执行总统费迪南德·马科斯二世关于行政部门减少工作天数的命令。

“We are victims of a war that is not of our choosing,” Mr. Marcos said in a statement on Friday, adding that the government was uncertain when the war would end.

马科斯周五在声明中表示：“我们是一场并非我们选择的战争的受害者。”他还说，政府并不确定战争何时会结束。

The Philippines is one of the most exposed countries in Asia to an oil price shock, with nearly 90 percent of its oil imports sourced from the Middle East. Unlike its neighbors, such as Indonesia and Thailand, which are partially shielded by fuel subsidies, prices at the pump in the Philippines are more market-driven.

菲律宾是亚洲受油价冲击影响最大的国家之一，其近90%的石油进口来自中东。与印尼和泰国等邻国（这些国家通过燃料补贴在一定程度上缓冲油价上涨）不同，菲律宾的燃油价格更多由市场决定。

Bangladesh is also in a dire situation. On Friday, the country’s new government said it had ordered fuel rationing and closed universities to conserve electricity and reduce transportation needs.

孟加拉国也处境艰难。上周五，该国新政府表示已下令实行燃料配给，并关闭大学以节约电力、减少交通需求。

In recent years, Bangladesh has been straining its national budget to buy gas for power generation. With most of its electricity now generated by gas-burning plants, it has become dependent on imports from the Gulf. The country’s new leaders, elected last month after protests toppled the previous authoritarian government, are desperate to avoid the kind of economic challenges that pressured the previous leaders.

近年来，孟加拉国为购买发电所需的天然气而承受沉重的财政压力。由于如今大部分电力来自燃气电厂，该国已经变得依赖从海湾地区进口天然气。在抗议活动推翻了之前的威权政府后，上月当选的国家新领导人迫切希望避免那种曾给前领导人带来压力的经济挑战。

In Vietnam, after two hikes in the price that the government sets for gas, diesel and household cooking gas — and the expectation of further increases — many people around Vietnam have lined up to fill up before prices go up again, while others are pausing travel plans.

在越南，在政府两次上调汽油、柴油和居民用燃气价格，并且市场预计还将继续上涨之后，许多越南民众纷纷排队，赶在下一轮涨价之前加满油，而另一些人则暂停了出行计划。

Fishermen along the coast are already delaying their trips, at the start of peak season for fishing in the South China Sea. Truck drivers are also struggling to maintain their usual schedules for bringing supplies to factories, and food and finished goods to ports.

沿海渔民已经开始推迟出海时间，而此时正是南海渔业旺季的开始。卡车司机也难以维持平时的运输节奏，无法及时将物资运往工厂，将食品和成品运往港口。