茉莉花新闻网

中華青年思想與行動的聚合地

特朗普将关税视为权力的体现,而非贸易工具

MAGGIE HABERMAN

2025年7月10日

图为巴尔的摩港。梳理特朗普数十年来的关税言论,可以发现他在这个问题上常常语焉不详,直到最近才将其其定位为贸易策略的中心支柱。 Alyssa Schukar for The New York Times

President Donald Trump’s allies often describe him as a 40-year devotee of tariffs who, stymied by his first-term advisers, is finally able to put his long-held economic theory into practice.

根据特朗普总统的支持者惯常的说法,40年来他始终信奉关税政策——虽然在首个任期内受到顾问们的掣肘,他现在终于能够将其长期秉持的经济理论付诸实践了。

But while Trump spoke about tariffs off and on before becoming a presidential candidate, he usually described his broader grievance about trade in terms of other countries or companies “ripping off” the United States. It is since Trump became a candidate in 2015 that he has talked about tariffs in earnest, describing them as a tool that he could easily deploy to rebalance the country’s economic footing.

然而,特朗普在成为总统候选人之前虽然零星地谈论过关税,但他通常将他对贸易的更广泛不满描述为其他国家或公司“占美国便宜”。自2015年成为候选人后,他才开始严肃地谈论关税问题,将其描述为一种可以轻松运用以重新平衡国家经济基础的工具。

“We are going to have 10% to 20% tariffs on foreign countries that have been ripping us off for years, we are going to charge them 10% to 20% to come in and take advantage of our country because that is what they have been doing,” Trump said in August 2024, one of many comments he made in that race emphasizing he would impose sweeping tariffs if he won, far beyond those in his first term.

“我们将对多年来占我们便宜的国家征收10%至20%的关税,我们将向进入并利用我们国家的人收取10%至20%的费用,因为他们一直就是这样做的,”特朗普在2024年8月表示,这是他在那次竞选期间多次强调若当选将实施远超首个任期的全面关税的言论之一。

Trump’s latest retreat this week from his own self-imposed tariff deadlines underscores the challenge he has faced in treating tariffs as a quick-fix — a tool that he asserts will bring in lots of money for the country while swiftly resetting trade relationships.

特朗普本周再次推迟自己设定的关税最后期限,这凸显了他将关税视为“立竿见影的法子”所面临的挑战——他坚称关税将为国家带来大量收入,同时又能迅速重构贸易关系。

A review of Trump’s comments about tariffs over the decades shows he has often been fairly vague on the topic, and only more recently came to describe them as the centerpiece of his approach to trade.

回顾特朗普几十年来关于关税的言论,可以发现他在这个问题上常常语焉不详,直到最近才将其定位为贸易策略的中心支柱。

Far more frequent and durable has been Trump’s repeated refrain that other countries are turning the United States into “suckers.” His references to tariffs often came as part of his description of a feeling of national injury that became common as the country’s manufacturing base began eroding. That attentiveness to trade as an issue, even absent a cohesive policy plan, helped Trump win in 2016.

特朗普更频繁也更持久强调的一句话是:其他国家把美国变成“冤大头”。他提到关税时,往往是作为他描述这种受伤害的状态的一部分——这种情绪在美国制造业基础开始侵蚀时变得十分普遍。即便没有一套完整连贯的贸易政策,这种对贸易议题的高度关注,为他在2016年大选中获胜提供了一臂之力。

This year, administration officials say they have brought in roughly $100 billion in tariffs so far. But after pledging that the president would get “90 deals in 90 days,” the White House has secured only a handful of trade agreement frameworks with other countries.

政府官员称,今年迄今为止的关税收入约为1000亿美元。但在放话总统将在“90天达成90项协议”后,白宫仅与少数国家敲定了贸易协定框架。

Instead of treating tariffs as one tool that is part of a broader trade strategy, Trump often describes them as an end unto themselves. While business experts and corporate leaders say the tariffs will raise costs on their products and for consumers who rely on imports, the president has largely dismissed those concerns. And he has relied on his own belief that markets and long-term concerns will eventually level out, even as economic experts have wondered what the end game is.

特朗普常将关税视为目的本身,而非更广泛贸易战略的工具之一。尽管商业专家和企业领导人表示,关税将提高产品成本以及依赖进口的消费者成本,但总统基本无视这些担忧。他坚信市场和长期担忧终将趋于平衡,尽管经济专家一直想知道其终极目标是什么。

“What does winning look like? What is the definition of victory?” said Maurice Obstfeld, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. “He seems to view the definition of victory as eliminating other countries ‘unfair trade practices,’ which in his mind translates 1-for-1 into reducing our bilateral deficits with every single trading partner.”

“何为胜利?胜利的定义是什么?”彼得森国际经济研究所高级研究员莫里斯·奥布斯特费尔德说。“他似乎认为胜利的定义是消除他国的‘不公平贸易行为’,在他看来,这可以直接转化为减少我们与每个贸易伙伴的双边逆差。”

Brad Setser, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations who served in the Obama and Biden administrations, said, “He hasn’t really been willing to make that many real deals.”

曾在奥巴马政府和拜登政府任职的外交关系委员会高级研究员布拉德·塞策表示:“他其实无意达成那么多真正的协议。”

The deals Trump has been interested in so far, Setser said, appear to be that “you accept my tariffs at the level I set them, and you give me additional concessions” because “otherwise I will raise them further.”

塞策说,特朗普迄今感兴趣的交易似乎是“你接受我设定的税率,并给我额外让步”,否则“我将进一步提高关税”。

That has left countries with concerns that no matter what they agree to, Trump will again raise the cost for them.

这令各国担忧,无论他们同意什么,特朗普都将再度加码。

What has been dizzying for other foreign nations is clear to Trump, however. Tariffs are a weapon he has at his disposal, and he sees them as a way to rebalance global influence.

然而令他国感到不明所以的事情,特朗普却很清楚。关税是他可以支配的武器,亦是他眼中重塑全球影响力的途径。

While he was out of office, Trump described the levies in private conversations with aides and associates as more of an immense form of power, they said, than a broader economic theory.

他的助手和亲信表示,特朗普在卸任期间与助手和同事的私下谈话中将关税描述为巨大权力的体现,而非一种更广泛的经济理论。

Trump’s advisers maintain that his intention around tariffs has been clear over time, even when he has spoken imprecisely.

特朗普顾问坚称,其关税意图始终明晰,即使他的表述欠精准。

Kush Desai, a White House spokesperson, said Trump had always been “unequivocally clear about the need to put Americans and America first with every tool at our disposal. Trillions in historic investment commitments, billions in government revenue, and overwhelming interest from other countries to negotiate new trade deals with the United States prove that President Trump is successfully using tariffs to accomplish just that.”

白宫发言人库什·德赛表示,特朗普向来“毫不含糊地明确表示,必须动用一切手段将美国人与美国的利益置于首位。数万亿美元的历史性投资承诺、数千亿美元的政府收入,以及他国表现出的与美国谈判新贸易协定的极大热情,都证明特朗普总统正在成功地利用关税来实现这一目标。”

In Trump’s first term, he was intrigued by tariffs but implemented them far more surgically than he has in his second term.

特朗普在第一个任期虽然对关税也很感兴趣,但实施起来要比第二任期更有目的性。

This year, Trump has used whatever powers he can to try to force countries to urge him to make deals with them. He has described the tariffs as some kind of entry fee for the right of engagement with the United States and all but ignored questions about whether he is going well beyond the scope of what the laws creating those tariff powers intended.

今年,特朗普竭尽所能地迫使各国主动来找他达成协议。他将关税描述为与美国往来的入场费,并且几乎无视其行为是否远超关税授权法律的立法本意。

“I’m like somebody that has a very valuable store and everybody wants to shop in that store,” he recently told The Atlantic. “And I have to protect that store. And I set the prices.”

“我就像一家非常重要的商店的老板,大家都想来购物,”他最近在接受《大西洋》采访时说。“而我必须保护这家店,价格由我来定。”

To that end, Trump abruptly announced Tuesday a new round of tariffs on copper: 50%. He did not say how he arrived at that rate.

为此,特朗普周二突然宣布对铜征收新一轮50%的关税。他没有说明这个税率是如何得出的。


同类信息

查看全部

茉莉花论坛作为一个开放社区,允许您发表任何符合社区规定的文章和评论。

茉莉花新闻网

        中国茉莉花革命网始创于2011年2月20日,受阿拉伯之春的感召,大家共同组织、发起了中国茉莉花革命。后由数名义工无偿坚持至今,并发展成为广受翻墙网民欢迎的新闻聚合网站并提供论坛服务。

新闻汇总

邮件订阅

输入您的邮件地址:

linkedin facebook pinterest youtube rss twitter instagram facebook-blank rss-blank linkedin-blank pinterest youtube twitter instagram