President Trump on Monday began issuing a barrage of executive orders, kicking off his presidency with a muscular use of power intended to signal a sharp reversal from existing policies.

周一，特朗普总统开始发布一连串行政命令，以强势的权力运用开启了他的总统任期，意在表明他将对现有政策进行大幅逆转。

The flurry of executive actions is an effort to roll back of many of President Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s most significant domestic policies, primarily on climate and immigration, while also reimposing a Trump agenda that would launch drilling and mining on natural resources and fundamentally upend the United States’ global role as a sanctuary for refugees and immigrants.

这一系列行政行动是为了推翻拜登总统的许多最重要的国内政策，主要是在气候和移民领域，同时也是为了重新推行特朗普的议程，该议程将启动对自然资源的钻探和开采，并从根本上颠覆美国作为难民和移民庇护所的全球角色。

In a speech on Monday evening, Mr. Trump said he was revoking almost 80 “disruptive, radical executive actions of the previous administration.”

在周一晚上的演说中，特朗普表示，他将撤销近80项“上届政府破坏性的激进行政措施”。

Among those revoked Biden orders were directives that the federal government rebuild the refugee program, and gradually end the Justice Department’s use of private prisons.

被撤销的拜登行政命令包括联邦政府重建难民计划的指令，以及逐步停止司法部使用私营监狱的指令。

Some of Mr. Trump’s orders are almost certain to be challenged in court, and others will be largely symbolic. But taken together, they represent his intention to sharply turn away from the direction of the Biden administration, and to make good on his campaign promises to break what he and his aides cast as a “deep state” effort to thwart his agenda.

特朗普的一些命令几乎肯定会在法庭上受到质疑，还有一些命令主要是象征性的。但综合来看，这代表着他有意大幅偏离拜登政府的方向，并兑现竞选承诺，打破他和助手们所称的“深层政府”对他议程的阻挠。

Here are some of the orders Mr. Trump signed on his first day in office:

以下是特朗普在上任第一天签署的一些行政命令：

Federal Work Force

联邦劳动力

• Freeze federal hiring, except for members of the military or “positions related to immigration enforcement, national security, or public safety.”

• 冻结联邦招聘，军事人员或“与移民执法、国家安全或公共安全有关的职位”除外。

• Restore a category of federal workers known as Schedule F, which would lack the same job protections enjoyed by career civil servants.

• 恢复被称为附表F的联邦工作人员类别，该类别的工作人员无法享受与职业公务员相同的工作保护。

• Halt new federal rules from going into effect before Trump administration appointees can review them.

• 阻止新的联邦法规在特朗普政府任命的官员进行审查之前生效。

• Review the investigative actions of the Biden administration, “to correct past misconduct by the federal government related to the weaponization of law enforcement and the weaponization of the intelligence community.”

• 审查拜登政府的调查行动，“以纠正联邦政府过去在执法被用作武器和情报界被用作武器方面的不当行为。”

• End remote work policies and order federal workers back to the office full time.

• 终止远程工作政策，命令联邦工作人员回到办公室全职工作。

Immigration and the Border

移民与边境

• Move to end birthright citizenship, which is guaranteed by the 14th Amendment, for the children of undocumented immigrants. The president cannot change the Constitution on his own, so it is not yet clear how Mr. Trump plans to withhold the benefits of citizenship to a group of people born in the United States. Any move is all but certain to be challenged in court.

• 采取行动，终止由第14修正案保障的无证移民子女的出生公民权。总统不能自行修改宪法，因此目前尚不清楚特朗普打算如何拒绝给予这一在美国出生人群的公民权福利。任何举动几乎都肯定会在法庭上受到质疑。

• Suspend the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program “until such time as the further entry into the United States of refugees aligns with the interests of the United States.”

• 暂停美国难民接纳计划，“直到进一步让难民进入美国符合美国的利益为止。”

• Declare migrant crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border to be a national emergency, allowing Mr. Trump to unilaterally unlock federal funding for border wall construction, without approval from Congress, for stricter enforcement efforts.

• 宣布美墨边境的移民过境为国家紧急状态，允许特朗普在无需国会批准的情况下，单方面释放用于边境墙建设的联邦资金，以加强执法力度。

• Resume a policy requiring people seeking asylum to wait in Mexico while an immigration judge considers their cases.

• 恢复要求寻求庇护者在墨西哥等待移民法官审理其案件的政策。

• Designate cartel organizations as “foreign terrorist organizations.”

• 将卡特尔组织指定为“外国恐怖组织”。

Gender and Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Initiatives

性别与多样性、公平和包容倡议

• Terminate D.E.I. programs across the federal government.

• 终止联邦政府的DEI项目。

Tariffs and Trade

关税与贸易

• Direct federal agencies to begin an investigation into trade practices, including trade deficits and unfair currency practices, and examine flows of migrants and drugs from Canada, China and Mexico to the United States.

• 指示联邦机构开始调查贸易行为，包括贸易逆差和不公平的货币行为，并检查从加拿大、中国和墨西哥流向美国的移民和毒品。

• Assess China’s compliance with a trade deal Mr. Trump signed in 2020, as well as the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which Trump signed in 2020 to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement.

• 评估中国对特朗普在2020年签署的一项贸易协议的遵守情况，以及特朗普于2020年签署的取代《北美自由贸易协定》的《美国–墨西哥–加拿大协定》的执行情况。

• Order the government to assess the feasibility of creating an “External Revenue Service” to collect tariffs and duties.

• 命令政府评估设立“对外税务部门”来征收关税和其他税费的可行性。

Energy and the Environment

能源与环境

• Withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement, the pact among almost all nations to fight climate change.

• 让美国退出几乎所有国家为应对气候变化而达成的《巴黎协定》。

• Declare a national energy emergency, a first in U.S. history, which could unlock new powers to suspend certain environmental rules or expedite permitting of certain mining projects.

• 宣布国家能源紧急状态，这在美国历史上尚属首次，这可能会释放新的权力，暂停某些环境法规或加快某些采矿项目的审批。

• Attempt to reverse Mr. Biden’s ban on offshore drilling for 625 million acres of federal waters.

• 试图推翻拜登禁止在约2.53亿公顷联邦水域进行近海钻探的禁令。

• Begin the repeal of Biden-era regulations on tailpipe pollution from cars and light trucks, which have encouraged automakers to manufacture more electric vehicles.

• 开始废除拜登时代关于汽车和轻型卡车尾气污染的规定，这些规定鼓励汽车制造商生产更多的电动汽车。

• Roll back energy-efficiency regulations for dishwashers, shower heads and gas stoves.

• 撤销关于洗碗机、淋浴喷头和燃气灶的能效规定。

• Open the Alaska wilderness to more oil and gas drilling.

• 开放阿拉斯加荒野，允许进行更多石油和天然气钻探。

• Restart approvals of export terminals for liquefied natural gas.

• 重新启动液化天然气出口终端审批。

• Halt the leasing of federal waters for offshore wind farms.

• 停止租赁联邦水域用于海上风力发电场。

• Eliminate environmental justice programs across the government, which are aimed at protecting poor communities from excess pollution.

• 取消政府中旨在保护贫困社区免受过度污染的环境正义计划。

• Review all federal regulations that impose an “undue burden” on the development or use of a variety of energy sources, particularly coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, hydropower and biofuels.

• 审查所有对各种能源的开发或使用造成“不当负担”的联邦法规，尤其是煤炭、石油、天然气、核能、水电和生物燃料。

TikTok ban

TikTok禁令

• Consult federal agencies on any national security risks posed by the social media platform, then “pursue a resolution that protects national security while saving a platform used by 170 million Americans.” Mr. Trump ordered his attorney general not to enforce a law that banned the site for 75 days to give the Trump administration “an opportunity to determine the appropriate course forward.”

• 就该社交媒体平台带来的任何国家安全风险咨询联邦机构，然后“寻求一项既能保护国家安全，又能挽救1.7亿美国人使用的平台的解决方案”。特朗普命令司法部长在75天内不要执行禁止该网站的法律，以便让特朗普政府“有机会确定合适的前进方向”。

Other

其他 

• Withdraw from the World Health Organization.

• 退出世界卫生组织。

• Fly the American flag at full-staff on Monday and on future Inauguration Days.

• 在本周一及未来的就职日，美国国旗不降半旗。

• Implement the Department of Government Efficiency, the Elon Musk-led cost-cutting initiative.

• 推出埃隆·马斯克领导的成本削减计划——政府效率部。

• Revoke security clearances for 51 signers of a letter suggesting that the contents of Hunter Biden’s laptop could be Russian disinformation.

• 撤销一封联名信上51名签署者的安全许可，该联名信暗示有关亨特·拜登笔记本电脑内容一事可能是俄罗斯的虚假信息。