In the span of 24 hours last week, President Trump managed to roil both South Korea and Japan, two longtime allies that less than two months earlier had said they would invest a combined nearly $1 trillion in the United States in exchange for lower tariffs.

在上周的短短24小时内，特朗普总统就激怒了韩国和日本这两个长期盟友。不到两个月前，两国还表示将合计向美国投资近1万亿美元，以换取降低关税。

Last Thursday, U.S. immigration officials raided the construction site of a major Hyundai-LG plant in Georgia, a flagship project by two of South Korea’s most prominent companies. Hundreds of South Korean citizens were arrested and detained for, according to federal officials, living or working in the country illegally.

上周四，美国移民官员突袭了位于乔治亚州的一处现代-LG大型工厂的建设工地，这是韩国两家最知名企业的旗舰项目。据联邦官员称，数百名韩国公民因非法居留或非法工作而被逮捕拘留。

On the same day, Mr. Trump signed an executive order enacting a trade deal he had struck with Japan in July, committing Japan to invest $550 billion in the United States. The order codified the reduced automotive tariffs that Tokyo had desperately sought. However, it came with a memorandum of understanding between the two countries stating outright that Mr. Trump, not Japanese officials, will select how the $550 billion will be invested. If Japan goes against his wishes, he will have the right to impose higher tariffs.

同一天，特朗普签署行政令批准了7月与日本达成的贸易协议，日方承诺将在美国投资5500亿美元。美方则落实东京迫切寻求的汽车关税减免。但与此同时，美国与日本还签署了一份谅解备忘录明确规定，这5500亿美元的投资项目由特朗普而非日本官员来决定。如果日本违背他的意愿，他有权提高关税。

These events were the latest display of how Mr. Trump is using the negotiations over trade to pursue his agenda, despite the diplomatic, political and economic consequences for America’s closest allies.

 这些事件再次表明了特朗普如何利用贸易谈判来推动其议程，尽管这给美国最亲密的盟友带来了外交、政治和经济上的后果。

上周在乔治亚州埃拉贝尔的现代-LG工厂，员工被带离现场。

In both Japan and South Korea, increasingly vocal leaders in government and business feel their countries were strong-armed and are questioning whether it still made sense to comply with Mr. Trump’s demands.

在日本和韩国，政商领导人越来越公开地表达不满，认为自己的国家被迫就范，并质疑继续顺从特朗普的要求是否明智。

While Seoul worked to bring home more than 300 South Korean workers, Chosun Ilbo, the country’s conservative daily newspaper and traditionally an advocate of a strong alliance with the United States, argued that its government must “recognize the seriousness of the situation.” In an editorial on Monday, the newspaper urged officials to convey to the United States that the South Korean public is now questioning whether it should continue investing in America.

在首尔方面努力将300多名韩国工作人员接回之际，韩国的保守派媒体、向来支持美韩结盟的《朝鲜日报》发文指出，政府必须“认识到事态的严重性”。在周一的社论中，该报敦促官员向美方传达韩国国内正在质疑是否应继续在美国投资。

“It inevitably raises fundamental questions about what ‘alliance’ really means to the U.S.,” Chosun Ilbo wrote.

“人们不禁要从根本上质疑，美国所说的‘同盟’究竟意味着什么，”《朝鲜日报》写道。

In a statement, Anna Kelly, a White House spokeswoman, said Mr. Trump had “leveraged” his relationships with leaders of both countries “to negotiate historic economic agreements that expanded markets for American industries and delivered major investments into our economy.”

白宫发言人安娜·凯利在声明中表示，特朗普“借助”了与两国领导人的关系，“通过谈判达成了具有历史意义的经济协议，为美国产业拓展了市场，为我们的经济带来了重大投资。”

The public anger is complicating South Korea’s attempt to hammer out the details of a trade agreement reached in late July. The United States agreed to lower its tariffs on South Korean goods to 15 percent from 25 percent in exchange for a commitment that Korean companies would invest $350 billion in the United States, including $150 billion dedicated to strengthening America’s shipbuilding sector.

公众的愤怒给韩国敲定7月下旬贸易协议细节的工作增加了难度。根据协议，美国同意将对韩国商品的关税从25%降低至15%，作为交换，韩国企业承诺将在美国投资3500亿美元，其中1500亿美元专门用于增强美国造船业。

Lee Jae Myung, South Korea’s president, said on Wednesday that the country’s businesses were “flummoxed” by the raid because “they were not there as long-term or permanent workers but as technicians who helped install facilities and equipment.”

韩国总统李在明周三表示，企业对这次突袭行动“深感困惑”，因为“他们并非长期或永久性的工作人员，而是协助安装设施设备的技术人员”。

If the United States does not help such people work safely in the country, South Korean businesses would “hesitate to make direct investments.”

若美国不能保障此类人员在美工作安全，韩企将会“犹豫是否要进行直接投资”。

South Korea’s foreign minister, Cho Hyun, told the nation’s legislature on Monday that, in light of the raid at the battery factory in Georgia, the country was demanding allocations for more visas for South Korean workers as part of the trade negotiation.

韩国外长赵显周一在国会表示，鉴于发生在佐治亚州电池厂的突袭事件，韩国在贸易谈判中提出了美国为韩国工人提供更多签证配额的要求。

周三，一架大韩航空包机从仁川国际机场起飞，前往美国接回被拘留的韩国工人。

In a social media post on Monday, Mr. Trump said he would “make it quickly and legally possible” for foreign companies investing in America to send their people to build products in the United States, but added that they needed to hire and train American workers.

特朗普周一的社交媒体发文称，他将“尽快通过合法途径”为在美投资的外企派遣人员赴美生产提供便利，但他补充说，这些企业必须雇佣并培训美国工人。

Mr. Trump’s main concession in the deal was a reduction in tariffs for South Korea’s important automotive sector. But that now hangs over the negotiations because the lowered duty has not gone into effect. The two countries are in talks this week, trying to iron out how South Korea’s investments will be made, but Seoul is already signaling that it cannot agree to the types of concessions that Japan agreed to last week.

特朗普在这项协议中的主要让步是降低了对韩国经济非常重要的汽车行业的关税。但由于降税措施尚未生效，这一承诺正成为悬在谈判之上的变数。本周两国将继续磋商韩国投资的落实方案，但首尔方面已明确表示，它无法接受日本上周所作出的那种让步。

“No Korean would sign that draft as is,” Kim Yong-beom, the chief policy coordinator in Mr. Lee’s office, said at a public forum on Tuesday.

“没有哪个韩国人会签署那样的草案，”李在明办公室的政策室长金容范周二在一次公开论坛上表示。

Mr. Kim added that the government would not proceed with the plans for investing in shipbuilding — labeled by South Korean officials the Make American Shipbuilding Great Again initiative — without an agreement on how the rest of the investment into the United States would be put in place. Mr. Trump has repeatedly vowed to resurrect the maritime industry in the United States, which would require the help of South Korea, the world’s second-largest shipbuilder after China.

他补充说，若无法就其余对美投资安排达成协议，韩国政府将不会推进造船业投资计划——该项目被韩国官员称为“让美国造船业再次伟大”方案。特朗普一再誓言要重振美国的海运产业，这将需要韩国的帮助，后者是仅次于中国的世界第二大造船国。

And looming over the South Korean talks is the cautionary tale of Japan, which made a deal that some commentators say abdicated financial sovereignty to Mr. Trump. The details that were laid out in the memorandum of understanding, which was published in the Japanese news media, underscore how Japan had to capitulate or risk damaging its economy.

日本的前车之鉴正笼罩着韩美谈判——有评论认为，日本签署的协议等于向特朗普让渡了金融主权。日本媒体公布的谅解备忘录细节表明，日方当时只能屈服于美方的要求，否则就得承担损害经济的风险。

位于埃拉贝尔的现代超级工业园，摄于周二。

Among the notable provisions of the memorandum is a clause stipulating that Mr. Trump will select Japan’s investments. Once a choice is made, Japan will review and fund the investment within 45 days, according to the document. If Japan chooses not to move ahead, Mr. Trump may impose tariffs at a higher rate of his choosing, the document stated.

该备忘录值得关注的条款包括：特朗普将亲自遴选日本对美投资项目。文件显示，一旦美方作出选择，日本需在45天内完成项目审核并提供资金。若日方拒绝推进项目，特朗普有权自行设定更高关税税率。

Japan would initially receive half of the cash flow generated by the investment until an agreed-upon threshold was reached. After that, Japan would receive 10 percent of the cash flow. The rest of the money would go to the United States.

根据文件，日本最初将获得投资所产生现金流的一半，直到达到约定的门槛为止。此后，日方收益比例降至10%，剩余资金将归美国所有。

Masahiko Hosokawa, a former senior official at Japan’s trade ministry, said the Japanese government had to agree to these terms for “damage control” to lower automotive tariffs. But he said he believed that the process was unlikely to unfold in the way that some Trump administration officials had proclaimed.

前日本经济产业省高官细川正彦表示，日方为了“止损”而不得不同意这些条款，以便降低汽车关税。但他认为，这个过程不太可能像一些特朗普政府官员所宣称的那样展开。

“It’s a mistake to think that America will ask for money for something and Japan will just give it,” Mr. Hosokawa said. “Japan did not become America’s A.T.M.”

“若认为美国开口要钱日本就会拱手奉上，那就大错特错了。日本并没有成为美国的提款机，”细川正彦说。

今年2月，特朗普总统与日本首相石破茂在椭圆形办公室会晤。