The White House said on Thursday that President Trump had been diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency, a condition that occurs when veins have trouble moving blood back to the heart.

白宫周四表示，特朗普总统被诊断出患有慢性静脉功能不全，这是一种当静脉难以将血液有效回流至心脏时出现的疾病。

The White House press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, announced the diagnosis while addressing swelling in Mr. Trump’s legs and bruising on his hand in recent weeks.

白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特在说明特朗普近几周腿部肿胀和手部淤青问题时公布了这一诊断结果。

Dr. Sean P. Barbabella, the physician to the president, said in a memo that Mr. Trump had noticed mild swelling in his lower legs and underwent a comprehensive evaluation which revealed the condition. He added that the condition was “benign” and common in people over 70. (Trump is 79.)

总统的医生肖恩·巴贝拉在一份备忘录中称，特朗普注意到自己小腿出现轻微肿胀，随后接受了全面检查，最终确诊该疾病。巴贝拉还说，这种疾病属于“良性”，且在70岁以上人群中较为常见（特朗普现年79岁）。

The risk of chronic venous insufficiency, which is estimated to affect 10 to 35 percent of U.S. adults, increases with age. The condition, which occurs most often in the legs, can cause swelling, as the president experienced. Other symptoms can include varicose veins, pain, discomfort and, in rare cases, venous ulcers, sores that take unusually long to heal, said Dr. Prakash Krishnan, director of endovascular services at the Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York.

纽约西奈山福斯特心脏医院血管内服务主任普拉卡什·克里希南介绍，慢性静脉功能不全估计影响着10%至35%的美国成年人，患病风险随年龄增长而增加。这种疾病最常发生在腿部，会导致肿胀（总统的症状即为此），其他症状可能包括静脉曲张、疼痛、不适，在罕见情况下还会出现静脉溃疡，且愈合异常缓慢。

Additional risk factors include obesity, pregnancy and smoking. People who have to stand for long periods of time on the job are also at greater risk, Dr. Krishnan said.

克里希南表示，其他风险因素包括肥胖、怀孕和吸烟。因工作需要长时间站立的人患病风险也会更高。

This is because veins, particularly in the legs, have to pump blood against gravity back up to the heart. They use one-way valves and muscles to help them do that, Dr. Krishnan said. But when too much blood pools, as can happen during prolonged standing, the pressure causes veins to dilate and the valves can stretch and become leaky, causing venous insufficiency.

他解释说，这是因为静脉，尤其是腿部静脉必须逆重力将血液泵回心脏，它们依靠单向瓣膜和肌肉来完成这项工作。但当血液大量积聚时（长时间站立就可能导致这种情况），压力会导致静脉扩张，静脉瓣膜可能会被拉伸并出现渗漏，进而引发静脉功能不全。

Doctors typically start with conservative treatments, such as compression stockings to squeeze the legs and help blood move back up to the heart. They also often recommend that patients keep their legs elevated for at least 30 minutes three times a day, and sometimes advise patients to lose weight or perform resistance exercises to improve blood flow.

医生通常会先采用保守治疗，比如使用弹力袜挤压腿部，帮助血液回流至心脏。他们还往往建议患者每天至少三次将双腿抬高30分钟，有时还会建议患者减重或进行抗阻训练，以改善血液循环。

If those measures fail, doctors might try more intensive treatments, such as a procedure called sclerotherapy, which involves injecting a chemical solution into the affected veins to collapse them. They can also use heat to seal a vein, including with laser treatment. The body will then reroute the blood through other, healthier veins.

如果这些措施无效，医生可能会尝试强化治疗手段，比如硬化疗法——向受影响的静脉注射化学溶液使其闭合；也可以利用激光热凝术来封闭静脉。之后，身体会通过其他更健康的静脉重新输送血液。

The White House also noted that President Trump had some bruising on his hand. Dr. Barbabella attributed this to irritation caused by repeated handshaking and to the use of aspirin, which the president takes as part of his heart health regimen.

白宫还提到，特朗普总统的手部有一些淤青。巴贝拉博士将此归因于频繁握手造成的刺激，以及总统为维护心脏健康而服用的阿司匹林。

As part of the comprehensive evaluation, Mr. Trump also had his blood work done and underwent an echocardiogram, Dr. Barbabella said. All of the results were within normal limits and revealed no cardiac, renal or systemic issues. “President Trump remains in excellent health,” he wrote.

巴贝拉博士称，在全面检查中，特朗普还进行了血液检测和超声心动图检查，所有结果均在正常范围内，未发现心脏、肾脏或全身性问题。他在备忘录中写道：“特朗普总统保持着极佳的身体状况。”