Donald J. Trump rode a promise to smash the American status quo to win the presidency for a second time on Wednesday, surviving a criminal conviction, indictments, an assassin’s bullet, accusations of authoritarianism and an unprecedented switch of his opponent to complete a remarkable return to power.

周三，唐纳德·J·特朗普凭借打破美国现状的承诺赢得了第二个总统任期，他挺过了刑事定罪、起诉、刺客的子弹、独裁指控以及史无前例的对手临阵换人，令人瞩目地再次掌握权力。

Mr. Trump’s victory caps the astonishing political comeback of a man who was charged with plotting to overturn the last election but who tapped into frustrations and fears about the economy and illegal immigration to defeat Vice President Kamala Harris.

这场胜利将他令人惊叹的政治回归推向了顶峰，一个被指控密谋推翻上次选举结果的人，利用人们对经济和非法移民的不满和恐惧，击败了副总统贺锦丽。

His defiant plans to upend the country’s political system held appeal to tens of millions of voters who feared that the American dream was drifting further from reach and who turned to Mr. Trump as a battering ram against the ruling establishment and the expert class of elites.

他颠覆国家政治体系的狂妄计划吸引了数千万选民，他们担心美国梦变得越来越遥不可及，并视特朗普为对抗统治阶级和知识精英群体的武器。

In a deeply divided nation, voters embraced Mr. Trump’s pledge to seal the southern border by almost any means, to revive the economy with 19th-century-style tariffs that would restore American manufacturing and to lead a retreat from international entanglements and global conflict.

在这个严重分裂的国家，选民认可了特朗普的承诺，即不惜一切代价封锁南部边境，通过征收19世纪式的关税来恢复美国制造业、振兴经济，并带领美国退出国际事务和全球冲突。

Now, Mr. Trump will serve as the 47th president four years after reluctantly leaving office as the 45th, the first politician since Grover Cleveland in the late 1800s to lose re-election to the White House and later mount a successful run. At the age of 78, Mr. Trump has become the oldest man ever elected president, breaking a record held by President Biden, whose mental competence Mr. Trump has savaged.

如今，在不情愿地卸任第45任总统四年后，特朗普将成为美国第47任总统，是自19世纪末的格罗弗·克利夫兰以来第一位竞选连任失败后再度赢得总统职位的政治人物。现年78岁的他也成为了有史以来最年长的当选总统，打破了拜登保持的记录。特朗普曾猛烈攻击拜登的行为能力。

His win ushers in an era of uncertainty for the nation.

他的胜利给美国带来了一个不确定的时代。

To roughly half the country, Mr. Trump’s rise portends a dark turn for American democracy, whose future will now depend on a man who has openly talked about undermining the rule of law. Mr. Trump helped inspire an assault on the Capitol in 2021, has threatened to imprison political adversaries and was denounced as a fascist by former aides. But for his supporters, Mr. Trump’s provocations became selling points rather than pitfalls.

对大约一半的美国人来说，特朗普的崛起预示着美国民主的黑暗转折，现在它的未来将取决于一个公开谈论破坏法治的人。特朗普煽动了2021年对国会大厦的袭击，威胁要监禁政治对手，并被前助手斥为法西斯主义者。但对他的支持者来说，特朗普的挑衅行为成了卖点而非缺陷。

As of early Wednesday, the results showed Mr. Trump improving on his 2020 showing in counties all across America with only limited exceptions. Mr. Trump had secured the necessary swing states — including Georgia, North Carolina and Pennsylvania — to guarantee him the 270 Electoral College votes needed to win the White House.

截至周三早些时候，选举结果显示，特朗普在全美各县的表现都比2020年有所改善，只有少数例外。特朗普已经拿下了必要的摇摆州——包括佐治亚州、北卡罗来纳州和宾夕法尼亚州——确保获得了入主白宫所需的270张选举人票。

Republicans also picked up at least two Senate seats, in Ohio and West Virginia, to give the party a majority in the Senate. Control of the House of Representatives was still too close to call.

共和党还在俄亥俄州和西弗吉尼亚州至少赢得了两个参议院席位，从而使该党在参议院占据多数席位。众议院的控制权之争仍然难分胜负。

In a victory speech in West Palm Beach, Fla., Mr. Trump declared that he was the leader of “the greatest political movement of all time.”

在佛罗里达州西棕榈滩发表胜选演讲时，特朗普宣称自己是“有史以来最伟大的政治运动”的领导者。

“We overcame obstacles that nobody thought possible,” he said, adding that he would take office with an “unprecedented and powerful mandate.”

他说，“我们克服了所有人都说不可能克服的障碍”，并表示自己将带着“前所未有且强大的授权”上任。

Mr. Trump seemingly had to win two races this year.

今年特朗普似乎必须赢下两场选战。

First, he overcame Mr. Biden, who quit the race after a halting debate performance raised questions about the president’s fitness to serve four more years. Then, he defeated Ms. Harris in a caustic 107-day crucible of a campaign that was ugly, insult-filled and bitter. Mr. Trump questioned Ms. Harris’s racial identity at one point and frequently denigrated her intelligence. They clashed over wildly divergent views of not just the issues facing the country but also the nature of democracy itself.

首先，他战胜了拜登，后者在辩论中表现不佳，引发了人们对其是否适合再担任四年总统的质疑，随后退出了竞选。然后，他在一场丑陋、充满侮辱和痛苦的107天残酷竞选中击败了贺锦丽。特朗普一度质疑贺锦丽的种族身份，并经常贬低她的智商。他们不仅对国家面临的问题有着截然不同的看法，而且对民主本质的认识也存在分歧。

Mr. Trump has systematically sought to undercut some of the country’s foundational principles, eroding trust in an independent press and the judicial system and sowing doubts about free and fair elections. He has refused to accept his loss four years ago, falsely claiming to this day that a second term was stolen from him in 2020. Instead of hindering his rise, his denial took hold across a Republican Party he remade.

特朗普一直在系统性地试图削弱美国的一些基本原则，削弱人们对独立媒体和司法系统的信任，并让人们对自由和公平的选举产生怀疑。他拒绝接受四年前的失败，至今还妄称2020年他的第二任期被窃取了。他的否认非但没有阻碍他的崛起，反而在他重新塑造的共和党内获得了广泛认同。

Now, Mr. Trump has vowed a radical reshaping of American government, animated by his promises of “retribution” and of rooting out domestic opponents he casts as “the enemy within.” He has pledged to oversee the biggest wave of deportations in U.S. history, suggested deploying troops domestically, proposed sweeping tariffs and largely advocated the greatest consolidation of power in the history of the American presidency.

现在，特朗普誓言要彻底改造美国政府，并承诺要“报复”和铲除被他视为“内部敌人”的国内反对派。他承诺将监督美国历史上最大规模的驱逐出境潮，建议在国内部署军队，提议征收全面关税，在很大程度上主张实现美国总统史上最大的权力集中。

就在特朗普7月在密尔沃基举行的共和党全国代表大会上登台的几天前，发生了一起针对他的未遂暗杀事件。特朗普在飞机上观看了拜登总统宣布退出总统选举的消息。

Pointing to the mob of Trump supporters who sacked the Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, violently trying to prevent the certification of his defeat, Ms. Harris’s campaign loudly cautioned that Mr. Trump in a second term would be “unhinged, unstable and unchecked.” But voters heeded neither her warnings nor those of some of the most senior former Trump administration officials and military advisers who testified to his autocratic instincts.

贺锦丽在竞选中指出，支持特朗普的暴徒在2021年1月6日闯入国会大厦，试图暴力阻止特朗普败选的认证，她还警告称特朗普在第二任期内将“失控、不稳定且不受约束”。但选民并未予以理会，他们也没有听从一些前特朗普政府最资深官员和军事顾问关于其专制倾向的警告。

After nearly a decade as the dominant face of the Republican Party, Mr. Trump and his blunt-force approach to politics seemed to lose their shock value. Instead, for millions of disillusioned Americans mistrustful of institutions and of a political system that they felt had failed them, his agent-of-chaos persona became an asset.

在担任共和党的主导人物近十年后，特朗普和他粗钝的政治作风似乎不再那么有冲击力。但对于数百万对机构和政治体系失去信心、感到失望的美国人而言，他那兴妖作乱的人设反而成为了一种优点。

Mr. Trump’s campaign had aimed to put together a new political coalition anchored not just by blue-collar white voters but working-class Black and Latino voters, as well. By Wednesday morning, there were some early signs the campaign had succeeded.

特朗普竞选团队的目标是建立一个新的政治联盟，其基础不仅包括蓝领白人选民，还包括工人阶级的黑人和拉丁裔选民。到周三上午，一些早期迹象表明竞选活动取得了成功。

The 2024 election is the second time Mr. Trump has defeated a woman trying to break through the nation’s highest gender barrier — the presidency — after he prevailed over Hillary Clinton eight years ago. His history of sexual misconduct, along with his three appointees to the Supreme Court and their role in ending the constitutional right to an abortion in 2022, transformed the race into a referendum on gender and women’s rights.

继八年前战胜希拉里·克林顿之后，2024年大选是特朗普第二次击败试图打破国家最高性别天花板——获得总统职位——的女性。他的性行为不端历史，加上他任命的三位最高法院法官以及他们在2022年终止宪法规定的堕胎权方面所起的作用，使这场竞选变成了一场关于性别和妇女权利的全民公决。

But abortion may not have been as salient an issue as it was in the 2022 midterm elections. Florida on Tuesday became the first state since Roe v. Wade was overturned to reject an abortion-rights ballot measure.

但和2022年中期选举相比，堕胎问题可能不被认为那么重要。佛罗里达州周二成为自罗诉韦德案被推翻以来第一个否决堕胎权选票提案的州。

Polls heading into the election showed a country divided at historic levels along gender lines. Men, including many younger male voters, powered Mr. Trump’s popularity, as women were at the heart of Ms. Harris’s coalition.

大选前的民意调查显示，美国在性别方面的分歧达到了历史水平。特朗普的人气相当一部分来自男性，包括许多年轻男性选民，而女性则是贺锦丽联盟的核心。

It was also the first election in which a major candidate was a felon. Yet the specifics of Mr. Trump’s crimes were rarely broached by Ms. Harris, who instead tried to focus on kitchen-table issues.

这也是第一次有主要候选人身犯重罪的选举。但贺锦丽很少谈及特朗普犯罪的具体细节，而是试图把重点放在日常实际问题上。

In May, in a criminal case brought by the Manhattan district attorney, Mr. Trump was found guilty of 34 felony counts for covering up hush-money payments made to a porn star during the 2016 race. In a sign of the extraordinary circumstances facing him, Mr. Trump awaits sentencing tentatively scheduled for later this month, just as he will be ramping up the presidential transition process.

今年5月，在曼哈顿地区检察官提呈的一桩刑事案件中，特朗普因掩盖2016年竞选期间向一名色情明星支付封口费的事实被判犯有34项重罪。特朗普正在等待暂定于本月晚些时候进行的宣判，同时又在加紧总统过渡进程，由此可见他面临的情况多么非同寻常。

特朗普在第三次竞选总统期间被判犯有34项重罪。竞选活动中出现了印有特朗普入案照的周边商品。

The race featured more than $1 billion in television advertising alone, as Ms. Harris, 60, offered herself as the vanguard of a new generation of leadership focused on the middle class, rolling out a series of policy plans to tackle grocery prices, housing costs, child care and elder care. She flipped her position on the border, promising a crackdown after arguing when she ran for president in 2019 that it should not be a crime to enter the United States without authorization.

这场竞选仅电视广告投入就超过了10亿美元，60岁的贺锦丽将自己塑造为新一代领导层的先锋，重点关注中产阶级，推出了一系列政策计划，以解决食物价格、住房成本、儿童保育和老年人护理等问题。她在边境问题上的立场发生了转变，2019年竞选总统时她曾表示，未经许可进入美国不应该是犯罪，而现在她则承诺要对此进行打击。

Mr. Trump cast her as responsible for many of the country’s problems, countering with an array of sloganeering tax cuts: no tax on tips, no tax on Social Security, no tax on overtime, among them. He denigrated her as a “stupid person,” and called her “failed” and “dangerously liberal.”

特朗普形容她应对国家的许多问题负责，并以一系列口号式减税措施反击：不对小费收入征税、不对社保征税、不对加班费收入征税等。他诋毁她是一个“愚蠢的人”，称她是“失败的”和“危险的自由主义者”。

Ms. Harris called for turning the page on the divisive Trump era. “We are not going back,” she said, and crowds chanted the line back. But she could never fully wrest the mantle of change away from Mr. Trump, given her perch as the current president’s second-in-command.

贺锦丽呼吁翻过分裂的特朗普时代这一页。她说：“我们不走回头路，”人群高呼这句话。但鉴于她是现任总统的副手，她无法完全像特朗普一样把自己塑造成与过去截然不同的变革性人物。

The Biden administration may have accelerated the country’s recovery from the coronavirus pandemic, engineered a softer landing than most economists expected and passed a raft of sweeping legislation tackling manufacturing, climate change and infrastructure. But rising food and housing prices caused a painful economic pinch that packed a political punch.

拜登政府可能加快了美国从新冠大流行中恢复的速度，实现了比大多数经济学家预期更软的经济着陆，并通过了一系列针对制造业、气候变化和基础设施的全面立法。但是，食品和住房价格的上涨给经济带来了痛苦，也给政治带来了冲击。

Mr. Trump also promised to disentangle the country from conflicts abroad, a turn toward isolationism that found a fresh audience with a war raging in Europe between Russia and Ukraine for nearly three years, and with the Middle East on the precipice of a wider conflagration. His election raises questions about the future of N.A.T.O. and the American backing of Ukraine; Mr. Trump has long spoken glowingly about President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia.

特朗普还承诺让美国脱离海外冲突，在俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战争在欧洲肆虐近三年、中东处于更大规模冲突的边缘之际，这种转向孤立主义的做法找到了新的受众。他的当选引发了对北约未来以及美国对乌克兰支持的质疑；特朗普长期以来对俄罗斯总统普京赞誉有加。

Seeking to blunt the political backlash faced by his party since the Supreme Court overturned Roe, the landmark decision guaranteeing a federal right to an abortion, Mr. Trump adopted a stance of leaving abortion rights to the states.

最高法院推翻了保障联邦堕胎权的罗诉韦德案里程碑裁决，特朗普为了消除其政党面临的政治反弹，采取了将堕胎权留给各州的立场。

7月13日，在宾夕法尼亚州巴特勒举行的竞选集会上，特朗普的耳朵被子弹擦伤，他举起拳头以示反抗。9月，贺锦丽在双方唯一一次辩论中使用了聪明的策略，在特朗普面前占了上风。

Mr. Trump formally declared his candidacy nearly two years ago, just days after the 2022 midterm elections. The reality, though, is that he barely stopped running after losing the 2020 election.

特朗普近两年前正式宣布参选，当时距离2022年中期选举只有几天时间。但实际情况是，他在2020年大选失利后几乎没有停止竞选。

He withstood a ban by social media companies after the violence of Jan. 6, corporate donor boycotts, a $454 million civil fraud judgment against him in New York and multiple indictments, including one for a conspiracy to defraud the United States.

在1月6日的国会暴乱事件后，他顶住了社交媒体公司的禁令、企业捐赠者的抵制、在纽约的一宗被判付4.54亿美元的民事欺诈案以及多项起诉，其中包括阴谋欺诈美国。

Mr. Trump crushed his Republican rivals into submission. In the 2022 congressional primaries, he unseated eight of the 10 Republican lawmakers who had voted for his second impeachment. Then he swept through the 2024 presidential primaries, winning every state but one after refusing to debate his opponents.

特朗普将共和党对手打得落花流水。在2022年的国会初选中，曾投票支持第二次弹劾他的10名共和党议员中有八人被他拉落马下。然后，他在2024年的总统初选中一路奏凯，在拒绝与对手辩论的情况下赢得了除一个州之外的所有州。

His supporters rallied behind him as a candidate of destiny even before a would-be assassin’s bullet grazed his ear in July, at a rally in Butler, Pa., days before the Republican National Convention. “Fight, fight, fight,” he shouted as he pumped his fist in the air and blood dripped down his face.

今年7月，在共和党全国代表大会召开前几天，他在宾夕法尼亚州巴特勒市的一次集会上被杀手的子弹擦伤耳朵，在此之前他的支持者们已经将他视为天命所归的候选人。当时他一边高喊着“战斗，战斗，战斗”，一边挥舞着拳头，鲜血顺着他的脸庞滴落下来。

Eight days later, Mr. Biden, isolated at his Delaware home after testing positive for Covid, withdrew from the race. Ms. Harris’s entry unleashed a burst of money and momentum. The Democratic Party quickly consolidated behind her as she closed the polling gap with Mr. Trump. In September, she outmaneuvered and baited him at their only debate.

八天后，拜登在特拉华州的家中因新冠检测呈阳性而被隔离，退出了竞选。贺锦丽的加入带来了大量资金和势头。随着她缩小与特朗普的民调差距，民主党迅速巩固了对她的支持。9月，她在双方唯一一次辩论中使用了聪明的策略，在特朗普面前占了上风。

But Mr. Trump’s enduring appeal helped him navigate a bitter final phase that included his former White House chief of staff saying that Mr. Trump met the definition of a “fascist.”

但特朗普持久的吸引力帮助他应对了痛苦的最后阶段，期间他的前白宫幕僚长说他符合“法西斯主义者”的定义。

The label did not stick for many voters. Instead, come January, he will again take office as commander in chief.

对许多选民来说，这个标签没什么效果。明年1月，他将再次就任三军总司令。