A panel of federal judges on Wednesday blocked President Trump from imposing some of his steepest tariffs on China and other U.S. trading partners, finding that federal law did not grant him “unbounded authority” to tax imports from nearly every country around the world.

周三，一个联邦合议庭阻止了特朗普总统对中国和其他美国贸易伙伴征收的一些最严厉的关税，认为联邦法律并未赋予他对来自全球几乎所有国家的进口产品征税的“无限权力”。

The ruling, by the U.S. Court of International Trade, delivered an early yet significant setback to Mr. Trump in his campaign to strike a series of agreements that reorient the nation’s trading relationships, setting up a legal fight that could soon reach the Supreme Court.

特朗普正在努力达成一系列重新定位美国贸易关系的协议，美国国际贸易法院的这项裁决对他而言是一个初步但意义重大的挫折，引发了一场可能很快就会抵达最高法院的法律斗争。

Before Mr. Trump took office, no president had sought to invoke the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, a 1977 law, to impose tariffs on other nations. The law, which primarily concerns trade embargoes and sanctions, does not even mention tariffs.

在特朗普上任之前，从未有总统试图援引1977年颁布的《国际紧急经济权力法》对其他国家征收关税。该法案主要适用于贸易禁运和制裁，甚至未曾提及“关税”一词。

But Mr. Trump adopted a novel interpretation of its powers as he announced, and then suspended, high levies on scores of countries in April. He also used the law to impose tariffs on products from Canada and Mexico in return for what he said was their role in sending fentanyl to the United States.

但特朗普对该法案进行了全新的解读。4月，他宣布对数十个国家征收高额关税，随后又暂停执行。此外，他还引用该法案对来自加拿大和墨西哥的商品加征关税，理由是它们在向美国输送芬太尼方面“负有责任”。

On Wednesday, the Court of International Trade, the primary federal legal body overseeing such matters, found that Mr. Trump’s tariffs “exceed any authority granted” to the president by the emergency powers law. Ruling in separate cases brought by states and businesses, a bipartisan panel of three judges essentially declared many, but not all, of Mr. Trump’s tariffs to have been issued illegally.

周三，负责监督此类事务的主要联邦法律机构——国际贸易法院裁定，特朗普的关税“超出了紧急状态法赋予总统的任何权力”。由三名法官组成的两党小组分别审理了各州和企业提起的案件，裁定特朗普的许多——但并非全部——关税是非法的。

It was not clear precisely when and how the tariff collections would grind to a halt. The decision gave the executive branch up to 10 days to complete the bureaucratic process of halting them. Shortly after the ruling, the Justice Department told the court that it planned to file an appeal.

目前尚不清楚关税征收将在何时以及如何停止。这一决定给了行政部门最多10天的时间来完成停止这些关税征收的行政程序。在裁决后不久，司法部向法院表示计划提起上诉。

For now, the decision threatens to undercut the administration’s efforts to reach trade agreements globally since the president is using the prospect of boundless tariffs — enacted on his own, without congressional approval — as a bargaining chip in negotiations with roughly 18 countries. Those deals are still under negotiation, and some of Mr. Trump’s top aides had told the court in recent days that an adverse ruling could imperil the talks.

目前来看，这项裁决可能会削弱美国政府在全球范围内达成贸易协定的努力，因为特朗普正依靠这些“不受国会批准约束的”无限制关税作为谈判筹码，与约18个国家进行贸易磋商。这些协议仍在谈判中，而特朗普的一些高级顾问近日曾告知法院，一旦裁决不利，可能会危及谈判进程。

The ruling does not affect tariffs issued by the Trump administration under separate legal authorities, including levies on steel, aluminum and cars, and others that Mr. Trump has threatened on pharmaceuticals, semiconductors and other critical products.

此次裁决不影响特朗普政府依据其他法律依据所实施的关税，包括针对钢铁、铝和汽车的征税，以及总统此前曾威胁要加征的涉及药品、半导体和其他关键产品的关税。

A White House spokesman, Kush Desai, sharply rebuked the court, saying in a statement that unfair trade relationships had “decimated American communities, left our workers behind and weakened our defense industrial base — facts that the court did not dispute.”

白宫发言人库什·德赛严厉谴责了法院的裁决，他在一份声明中说，不公平的贸易关系“摧毁了美国社区，对我们的工人弃之不顾，削弱了我们的国防工业基础——法院没有对这些事实提出异议。”

“It is not for unelected judges to decide how to properly address a national emergency,” he said, adding that Mr. Trump would use “every lever of executive power to address this crisis.”

“如何妥善处理国家紧急状态不是由非民选法官决定的，”他说，并且特朗普将利用“行政权力的每一个杠杆来应对这场危机”。

Lawyers for the Justice Department had staunchly defended the legality of Mr. Trump’s strategy, telling the court repeatedly that it had no right to review the president’s actions — a stance that discomfited the bipartisan panel of three jurists multiple times over weeks of arguments.

司法部的律师曾坚定地为特朗普政策的合法性辩护，一再表示法庭无权审查总统的行为——在数周的辩论中，这一立场多次让合议庭的三名跨党派法官感到不安。

The tension arose repeatedly last Wednesday, when a coalition of 12 states led by Oregon asked the court to issue a permanent injunction that would halt Mr. Trump’s tariffs.

上周三，以俄勒冈州为首的12个州组成的联盟要求法院发布一项永久性禁令，停止特朗普的关税，紧张局势一再加剧。

“The president identified the emergency, and he decided the means to address that emergency,” Brett Shumate, a lawyer at the Justice Department, told the court. He added that the goal had been to “bring our trading partners to the table” and create political leverage for possible deal-making.

“总统确定了紧急情况，并决定了应对紧急情况的方法，”司法部律师布雷特·舒马特在法庭上说。他还说，目标是“把我们的贸易伙伴拉到谈判桌前”，并为可能达成的交易创造政治杠杆。

“It may be a very dandy plan, but it has to meet the statute,” replied Judge Jane A. Restani, who was nominated to the trade court by President Ronald Reagan.

由罗纳德·里根总统提名的简·A·雷斯塔尼法官回答说，“这可能是一个非常棒的计划，但它必须符合法规。”