An article on a fake online news outlet that Meta has linked to Russia’s information operations attributed the clashes unfolding on American college campuses to the failures of the Biden administration. A newspaper controlled by the Communist Party of China said the police crackdowns exposed the “double standards and hypocrisy” in the United States when it comes to free speech.

一家假网络新闻机构发表的一篇文章将美国大学校园发生的冲突归咎于拜登政府的失败。Meta将该机构与俄罗斯信息行动联系了起来。一份由中国共产党控制的报纸称，警方的镇压暴露了美国在言论自由方面的“双重标准和虚伪”。

On X, a spokesman for Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nasser Kanaani, posted a cartoon of the police arresting a young protester in the guise of the Statue of Liberty. “Imprisonment of #freedom in the U.S.A.,” he wrote.

在X上，伊朗外交部发言人纳赛尔·卡纳尼发布了一幅漫画，漫画中警察逮捕了一名装扮成自由女神像的年轻抗议者。“在美国，#自由被囚禁，”他写道。

As protests over the war in Gaza have spread across the United States, Russia, China and Iran have seized on them to score geopolitical points abroad and stoke tensions within the United States, according to researchers who have identified both overt and covert efforts by the countries to amplify the protests since they began.

研究人员表示，随着针对加沙战争的抗议活动在美国各地蔓延，俄罗斯、中国和伊朗利用这些抗议活动取得海外地缘政治成绩，并且煽动美国国内的紧张局势。研究人员发现，自从抗议活动开始以来，这些国家就在公开和秘密地放大抗议活动。

There is little evidence — at least so far — that the countries have provided material or organizational support to the protests, the way Russia recruited unwitting Black Lives Matter protesters to stage rallies before the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.

至少到目前为止，几乎没有证据表明这些国家为抗议活动提供了物质或组织上的支持，就像俄罗斯在2016年和2020年总统大选前招募不知情的“黑人的命也是命”抗议者举行集会一样。

Nonetheless, the campaigns have portrayed the United States as a country rived by social and political turmoil. In the past two weeks alone, state media in Russia, China and Iran have produced nearly 400 articles in English about the protests, according to NewsGuard, an organization that tracks misinformation online. The countries have also unleashed a wave of content through inauthentic accounts or bots on social media platforms like X and Telegram or websites created, in Russia’s case, to mimic Western news organizations.

尽管如此，这些国家的宣传活动把美国描绘成一个被社会和政治动荡撕裂的国家。据追踪网络错误信息的组织NewsGuard称，仅在过去两周，俄罗斯、中国和伊朗的官方媒体就用英文发表了近400篇有关抗议活动的文章。这些国家还通过X和Telegram等社交媒体平台上的虚假账户或机器人，或者俄罗斯模仿西方新闻机构创建的网站，发布了大量内容。

“It’s a wound that our adversaries are going to try to spread salt on because they can,” said Darren Linvill, a director of the Media Forensics Hub at Clemson University, which has identified campaigns by all three countries. “The more we fight amongst ourselves, the easier their life is and the more they can get away with.”

“我们的对手会试图在我们的伤口上撒盐，因为他们做得到，”克莱姆森大学媒体取证中心主任达伦·林维尔说。 “我们之间的争吵越多，他们的日子就越好过，他们做的坏事就越能被放过去。”

Researchers are concerned that some foreign influence operations are also pivoting toward the presidential election in November, seeking to inflame partisan tensions, denigrate democracy and promote isolationism. All three adversaries have unleashed a deluge of propaganda and disinformation ever since the war over Gaza began in October, seeking to undercut Israel and, as its principal ally, the United States while expressing support for Hamas or the Palestinians generally.

研究人员担心，一些外国影响行动也盯上了11月的总统选举，试图加剧党派紧张关系，诋毁民主，促进孤立主义。自去年10月加沙战争爆发以来，这三个对手都发布了大量的宣传和虚假信息，试图削弱以色列及其主要盟友美国，同时表达对哈马斯或巴勒斯坦人的普遍支持。

The campus protests, which gained momentum in recent weeks, have allowed them to shift their propaganda to focus on the Biden administration’s strong support for Israel, arguing that it has undermined its international standing while not reflecting popular sentiment at home.

最近几周愈演愈烈的校园抗议活动，使他们得以将宣传重点转移到拜登政府对以色列的大力支持上，称这损害了美国的国际地位，同时也没有反映国内民意。

“The policies of the Biden administration are complicating the situation inside the country,” the article on TruthGate, one of a handful of websites that Meta said last year were created by a Russian information operation known as Doppelgänger to spread propaganda under the guise of an American news outlet, said on Wednesday. “In the rush to help our controversial allies, they have completely forgotten about domestic affairs. Now the situation seems irreparable.”

“拜登政府的政策正在使国内局势复杂化，”TruthGate周三发表的文章写道。去年，Meta称TruthGate是一个名为Doppelgänger的俄罗斯信息机构创建的网站，目的是打着美国新闻机构的幌子进行宣传。“在急于帮助我们有争议的盟友时，他们完全忘记了国内事务。现在的情况似乎已经无法挽回。”

本周，纽约市警方部署了重型装备，进入被占领的哥伦比亚大学汉密尔顿堂。一些与中国有关的账户批评执法部门对抗议活动的反应是虚伪的。

The influence efforts have been tracked by researchers at Clemson and NewsGuard, as well as the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute and Recorded Future, a threat intelligence company.

克莱姆森大学和NewsGuard的研究人员，以及战略对话研究所、捍卫民主基金会、澳大利亚战略政策研究所和处理威胁情报的公司记录未来的研究人员，都在追踪这些影响措施。

One covert Chinese influence campaign known as Spamouflage, which was first linked to an arm of the Ministry of Public Security in 2019, has also turned its attention to the protests. Some posts on X claimed that the United States was “DISPLAYING TOTALITARIANISM.” Similar language — such as “how could there be such rough police officers in the world” and “expulsion, arrest, suppression!” — echoed across several accounts identified by the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, a research organization in Washington focused on national security.

一个名为Spamouflage的中国秘密影响力活动也将注意力转向了抗议活动，该活动最初于2019年与中国公安部的一个部门联系在一起。X上的一些帖子声称美国正在“展示极权主义”。华盛顿专注于国家安全的研究机构“保卫民主基金会”确认的几个账号中也有类似的语言，比如“世界上怎么会有这么粗暴的警察”和“驱逐、逮捕、镇压！”

Max Lesser, a senior analyst for the foundation, described the “high volume” of protest-related content as “a clear example of a foreign adversary actively exploiting an ongoing domestic crisis.”

该基金会的高级分析师马克斯·莱塞将“大量”与抗议有关的内容描述为“外国对手积极利用国内危机的一个明显例子”。

Many of the accounts linked to Spamouflage share similar content. One on X, with nearly 18,000 followers, retweeted a post from a Chinese diplomat in Pakistan that criticized the police response to student protesters and featured Mandarin-subtitled footage of the campus demonstrations. Its profile photo was an image of Winter, the South Korean pop singer. It listed its location as the United States but typically posted during Asia’s day, while its content frequently included grammatical errors.

许多与Spamouflage相关的账户都分享类似的内容。一个在X上拥有近1.8万名粉丝的账号转发了一名中国驻巴基斯坦外交官的帖子，该帖子批评了警方对学生抗议者的反应，并播放了校园示威活动的中文字幕片段。这个账号的头像是韩国流行歌手Winter的照片，它将自己的位置列为美国，但通常在亚洲时间发布内容，而且其中经常有语法错误。

Another account on X, which according to Mr. Linvill of Clemson was also linked to Spamouflage, an operation sometimes known as Dragonbridge, reposted a message by a prominent pro-Palestinian organization in New York City calling on protesters to “flood the encampments” at the city’s universities.

据克莱姆森大学的林维尔说，X上的另一个账户也与Spamouflage（有时也被称为Dragonbridge）有关联，该账户转发了纽约市一个著名的亲巴勒斯坦组织发出的一条消息，呼吁抗议者“涌入”该市大学的营地。

抗议活动使得宣传的重点转移到了拜登政府对以色列的大力支持上，认为美国损害了自己的全球地位。

The researchers, however, have not detected a direct effort to organize protests or provoke violence. The focus, rather, has been to highlight the divisions that the war in Gaza has exposed in public opinion in the United States — and the potential effect that has on government policy.

然而，研究人员没有发现组织抗议或挑起暴力的直接努力。相反，重点是强调加沙战争在美国公众舆论中暴露出来的分歧，以及对政府政策的潜在影响。

Brian Liston, an analyst with Recorded Future, said that in the case of Russia, the campaign “was attempting to stoke tensions on both sides of the protest argument,” alternately praising the protesters and denouncing them as antisemitic.

记录未来的分析师布莱恩·利斯顿说，就俄罗斯而言，这场行动“试图加剧抗议争论双方的紧张关系”，它时而赞扬抗议者，时而谴责他们是反犹主义者。

In many instances, the campaigns are simply amplifying sentiments expressed by the protesters and their supporters. Chen Weihua, an outspoken editor and columnist for China Daily, the official state newspaper in English, has recently reposted messages on X from people like Jill Stein, the presidential candidate of the Green Party, and Cynthia Nixon, the actress from “Sex in the City.”

在许多情况下，这些运动只是放大了抗议者及其支持者表达的情绪。直言不讳的中国官方英文报纸《中国日报》编辑兼专栏作家陈卫华最近在X上转发了绿党总统候选人吉尔·斯坦和《欲望都市》演员辛西娅·尼克松等人的消息。

For China, the scenes of American police officers in riot gear arresting young protesters have particular resonance because of the sharp criticism the Communist government faced from the United States and other democracies when its security forces clashed with protesters in Hong Kong for months in 2019 over the reversal of political freedoms that the government had promised to preserve in the former British colony.

对中国来说，身穿防暴装备的美国警察逮捕年轻抗议者的场景尤其能引起共鸣，因为中共政府曾承诺在香港维护政治自由，但在2019 年其安全部队却与抗议者发生了长达数月的冲突，中共政府因此遭到了美国和其他民主国家的尖锐批评。。

“When Hong Kong students destroyed schools, blocked roads, and threw gasoline bombs, the United States told the Hong Kong government to exercise restraint and not disrupt reasonable demonstrations,” one account linked to Spamouflage declared. “Now facing American students, the police take direct action and arrest them!”

“当香港学生摧毁学校、封锁道路、投掷汽油弹时，美国告诉香港政府保持克制，不要破坏合理的示威活动，”与Spamouflage有关的一个账户宣称。“现在面对美国学生，警察采取直接行动，逮捕他们！”

Melanie Smith, the director of research for the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, a research organization that studies online disinformation, polarization and extremism, said China’s efforts had become notably more aggressive toward the Biden administration.

研究网络虚假信息、两极分化和极端主义的研究机构战略对话研究所的研究主任梅兰妮·史密斯说，中国针对拜登政府的努力明显变得更加咄咄逼人。

Her organization and others previously identified an incipient effort to undermine President Biden’s re-election prospects. That effort has included creating fake accounts posing as those run by Americans critical of Mr. Biden’s policies.

她的组织和其他组织此前曾发现破坏拜登总统连任前景的初步努力，包括创建虚假账户，冒充由批评拜登政策的美国人开设的账户。

“Their content is relatively aggressively talking about how young people are unlikely to vote for Biden over this as an issue,” Ms. Smith said of the Chinese response to the protests.

“他们的内容相对激进地谈论，年轻人因为这个问题而不太可能投票给拜登，”史密斯在谈到中国对抗议活动的反应时说。

Bret Schafer, a senior fellow at the German Marshall Fund who studies information manipulation, said China, Russia and Iran had different motivations for getting involved. They all, however, benefited from highlighting narratives that damage global perceptions of the United States. State media in Iran, which has long supported Hamas, has posted more about the protests than Russia or China and amplified criticism of the police response from American commentators such as Jackson Hinkle, he said.

德国马歇尔基金会研究信息操纵的高级研究员布雷特·谢弗表示，中国、俄罗斯和伊朗参与其中的动机不同。然而，他们都从强调损害全球对美国看法的叙事中获益。他说，长期以来一直支持哈马斯的伊朗官方媒体对抗议活动的报道比俄罗斯或中国都多，并放大了杰克逊·辛克尔等美国评论作者对警方回应的批评。

The emphasis on the protests follows similar efforts to criticize the $95.3 billion foreign aid package for Israel, Taiwan and Ukraine that Congress passed and Mr. Biden signed last month.

在针对抗议活动之前，美国国会上月通过并由拜登签署的针对以色列、台湾和乌克兰的953亿美元外援计划也遭到了类似的批评。

The Information Epidemiology Lab, a research group that studies malign influence campaigns, said the Russian information operation Doppelgänger had been posting content critical of the aid package or focused on the political debate surrounding it. The goal is to portray the United States as an unreliable global ally — some posts claimed that it had abandoned Israel.

研究恶意影响活动的研究机构信息流行病学实验室表示，俄罗斯的信息行动Doppelgänger一直在发布批评援助计划的内容，或者关注围绕该计划的政治辩论。其目的是将美国描绘成一个不可靠的全球盟友——一些帖子声称，美国已经抛弃了以色列。

Instead, the posts suggested, Israel and other countries should seek new partnerships with Russia and China. Another series of posts shared an article from a website masquerading as Fox News, which claimed that former President Donald J. Trump would “stop the plundering of the U.S. budget.”

相反，这些帖子建议以色列和其他国家应该寻求与俄罗斯和中国建立新的伙伴关系。还有一系列帖子分享了一个伪装成福克斯新闻的网站的文章，声称前总统特朗普将“停止掠夺美国预算”。