The Trump administration is expected to initiate a sweeping trade investigation as soon as Thursday that will target dozens of countries over their policies toward the trade in goods made with forced labor.

特朗普政府最早可能于周四启动一项广泛的贸易调查，矛头将指向数十个国家，涉及这些国家对使用强迫劳动生产的商品方面的贸易政策。

The inquiry is part of an effort by the Trump administration to resurrect a global system of tariffs after President Trump’s first attempt was struck down by the Supreme Court last month. On Wednesday, the Trump administration announced another major trade investigation that could lead to tariffs, focusing on excess production in the factory sectors of 16 major trading partners.

这项调查是特朗普政府试图恢复一套全球关税体系的一部分。上个月，特朗普最初推动的关税方案被最高法院否决。周三，特朗普政府宣布了另一项可能导致加征关税的重大贸易调查，重点针对16个主要贸易伙伴制造业领域的产能过剩问题。

The United States has banned imports of goods made with forced labor for nearly a century. Under President Joseph R. Biden Jr., the United States passed a law that greatly expanded that scope. The United States forbids the import of any goods from the Xinjiang region of China, where accusations of forced labor have been rampant, unless importers provide documentation that their goods were made without it.

美国禁止进口使用强迫劳动生产的商品已有近一个世纪的历史。在拜登执政期间，美国通过了一项法律，大幅扩大了这一禁令的范围。美国禁止进口来自中国新疆地区的任何商品——该地区长期被指存在强迫劳动问题——除非进口商能够提供文件证明这些商品并非由强迫劳动生产。

The trade agreements that the Trump administration has forged with dozens of countries in recent months have also forced other countries to make commitments not to import goods made with forced labor.

特朗普政府近几个月与数十个国家达成的贸易协议也迫使其他国家承诺不进口使用强迫劳动生产的商品。

Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, said on Wednesday that the forced labor investigation would cover 60 countries and focus on the laws countries use to regulate the trade of goods made with forced labor, not their domestic situations.

美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔周三表示，强迫劳动调查将涵盖60个国家，重点关注各国用于监管强迫劳动商品贸易的法律，而不是这些国家国内的具体情况。

He said that the U.S. government had enforced its ban on forced labor goods “quite effectively.” He added, “we expect other trading partners to take this approach as well.”

他表示，美国政府“相当有效地”执行了强迫劳动商品禁令。他还说：“我们期望其他贸易伙伴也采取这种做法。”

The investigation is one of several that the Office of the United States Trade Representative is pursuing in an effort to set up a durable system of global tariffs by this summer. The administration has also proposed potential investigations into digital services taxes, pharmaceutical pricing and unfair trade in sectors like rice and seafood.

这项调查是美国贸易代表办公室正在推进的多项调查之一，目的是在今年夏天前建立一套更为持久的全球关税体系。政府还提出，可能就数字服务税、药品定价，以及大米和海产品等领域的不公平贸易展开调查。

The investigations are being carried out under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, a law that allows the United States to impose tariffs in response to unfair trade practices.

这些调查依据《1974年贸易法》第301条款进行，该法允许美国针对不公平贸易行为征收关税。

Administration officials have not clarified how high the new levies could be, or how the patchwork of investigations would apply to each country. They have said they would try to replicate their previous tariff structure, which was struck down after the Supreme Court ruled in February that Mr. Trump was not justified in using an emergency law to impose the tariffs.

政府官员尚未说明新关税可能有多高，也没有解释这一系列调查将如何具体适用于各个国家。他们表示，希望尽量复制此前的关税结构——但那一套关税在今年2月被最高法院否决，因为法院裁定特朗普无权以紧急法为依据实施这些关税。

Immediately after the ruling, Mr. Trump issued a new 10 percent global tariff under a different legal authority. He has threatened to increase those tariffs to 15 percent, but that has not yet gone into effect. But that tariff is time-limited, and is set to expire in July unless Congress votes to renew it.

裁决后，特朗普立即根据另一项法律授权，宣布对全球征收10%的新关税。他曾威胁要将这些关税提高至15%，但尚未实施。然而，这项关税是有时限的，除非国会投票延长，否则将于今年7月到期。

The new Section 301 investigations are likely to be much more durable, though the administration is required to carry out an investigation and hearings before they can be imposed.

新的301条款调查可能会持久得多，不过政府需要在征收关税前进行调查和举行听证会。

The new raft of investigations has caused frustration and angst among some trading partners, who are wondering how their businesses and economies will ultimately be affected. The executive arm of the European Union, which was included in the “excess capacity” investigation announced Wednesday, said on Thursday that it was seeking clarity on how the moves would affect the trade deal it had made with the United States.

这一系列新的调查已经引起一些贸易伙伴的不满和担忧，他们不清楚自己的企业和经济最终会受到怎样的影响。周三被列入“产能过剩”调查的欧盟执行机构周四表示，对于这些举措将如何影响其与美国达成的贸易协议，他们正在寻求澄清。

“We can only reiterate our expectation that the U.S. fully honor its commitments reflected in the E.U.-U.S. joint statement on this topic,” said Olof Gill, a spokesman for the European Commission, the E.U. executive arm. He said that the European Union “would respond firmly and proportionately” to any breach of those commitments.

“我们只能再次重申我们的期望，即美国完全履行其在欧盟-美国联合声明中就这一问题所作的承诺，”欧盟执行机构欧盟委员会的发言人奥洛夫·吉尔表示。他说，欧盟将对任何违反这些承诺的行为“作出坚定且相称的反应”。

He added that the European Union was a market-driven economy that did not consider itself a contributor to excess capacity, an issue that economists and policymakers typically link with China. Like the United States, the European Union has been struggling to cope with a flood of cheap Chinese cars and other exports.

他还表示，欧盟是市场驱动型经济体，不认为自己是造成产能过剩的因素——这一问题通常被经济学家和政策制定者与中国联系在一起。与美国一样，欧盟一直在努力应对大量廉价中国汽车和其他出口产品的冲击。

“The European Union shares the United States’ concern regarding structural overcapacity in the global economy,” Mr. Gill said. “However, the sources of such overcapacity are well identified, and they do not lie in Europe.”

“欧盟与美国一样，对全球经济中的结构性产能过剩感到担忧，”吉尔表示。“但造成这种产能过剩的来源是明确的，而这些来源并不在欧洲。”

In remarks to reporters Wednesday, Mr. Greer was unsympathetic, saying that the European Union had done “approximately zero percent” of what it was supposed to do to finalize its trade deal with the United States. He said that the European Union had legislation pending that would make promised changes to their tariffs for many months, and that there were a variety of other trade barriers where Europe had not taken action.

格里尔周三对记者发表讲话时并未表现出同情，他表示欧盟在完成与美国的贸易协定方面，其应做的工作只完成了“大约百分之零”。他说，欧盟有待通过的立法将使承诺的关税调整拖延数月之久，而且欧洲在其他各种贸易壁垒问题上也未采取行动。

“We’re still waiting for Europe to do a lot of what it promised,” he said.

“我们仍在等待欧洲履行其承诺的许多事项，”他说。

The investigations are also likely to rankle Chinese officials, who are busily preparing for Mr. Trump to travel to Beijing at the end of the month for a meeting with China’s leader, Xi Jinping.

这些调查可能也会激怒中国官员，他们正在忙着为特朗普月底前往北京与中国领导人习近平会晤做准备。

In a news conference on Thursday, Guo Jiakun, a spokesman for China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said that China opposed unilateral tariffs and other restrictions. He called “overcapacity” a false premise and a “pretext for political manipulation.”

在周四的新闻发布会上，中国外交部发言人郭嘉昆表示，中国反对单边关税和其他限制措施。他称所谓的“产能过剩”是一个伪命题，是“政治操弄的借口”。

While some organizations that support domestic manufacturing and tariffs have praised the administration’s new investigations, others that depend on global supply chains expressed concern.

虽然一些支持国内制造业和关税的组织对政府的新调查表示赞赏，但那些依赖全球供应链的组织则表达了担忧。

Stephen Lamar, the president of the American Apparel & Footwear Association, said that his group was discouraged by the proposed tariffs and that the administration should slow down and work with various stakeholders, including Congress. He likened the process to the administration trying to “glue together shattered glass in a messy fix that risks American businesses and consumers left holding the sharp edges.”

美国服装与鞋类协会会长斯蒂芬·拉马尔表示，拟议中的关税措施让其组织感到失望，并认为政府应该放慢节奏，与包括国会在内的各方利益相关者合作。他把这一过程比作政府试图“把碎裂的玻璃粘在一起，修补得一团糟，最后扎手的可能还是美国企业和消费者”。

“We understand the administration is hurriedly trying to recreate the tariff rates it had sought to establish under a scheme now deemed illegal by the Supreme Court,” he said. “In this effort, the process increasingly feels like answers in search of an investigation rather than an investigation in search of answers.”

他说：“我们理解政府正急于恢复此前试图建立的一套关税税率体系，但那一方案如今已被最高法院认定为非法。在这一过程中，整个做法越来越像是先有答案再去做调查来证明，而不是通过调查寻找答案。”