The Trump administration is seeking to counter new economic measures from China by exerting more control over American companies in key strategic sectors, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said on Wednesday.

财长斯科特·贝森特周三表示，特朗普政府正寻求通过加强对美国关键战略行业企业的掌控，来反制中国出台的新经济措施。

The approach marks a new era of industrial policy in the United States, a contrast to how policymakers have traditionally valued free markets and open investment. But as China’s dominance over the production of rare-earth minerals and battery technology grows, President Trump wants to take a page out of Beijing’s economic strategy. By taking more stakes in American companies that specialize in areas deemed critical to national security, the Trump administration aims to exert more control over what they produce. The goal is for the U.S. to become less reliant on China for sensitive technology that it has been using as leverage in trade negotiations.

这一做法标志着美国进入一个新的产业政策时代，与传统上政策制定者推崇的自由市场与开放投资理念形成鲜明对比。但随着中国在稀土矿产和电池技术生产领域的主导地位不断增强，特朗普总统希望借鉴北京的经济策略。通过更多入股被视为关乎国家安全的美国企业，特朗普政府旨在对这些企业的生产方向施加更大控制力。其目标是减少美国在敏感技术领域对中国的依赖——这些技术一直被中国作为贸易谈判的筹码。

“When you are facing a nonmarket economy like China, then you have to exercise industrial policies,” Mr. Bessent said at a forum on investing in America sponsored by CNBC.

贝森特在CNBC主办的“投资美国”论坛上表示：“当你面对像中国这样的非市场经济体时，就必须实施产业政策。”

Tensions between the world’s two largest economies have rapidly escalated after the Chinese government last week proposed a new licensing system to cover the global trade in products that contain trace amounts of Chinese rare-earth minerals, or minerals mined or processed using Chinese technology.

中美这两个全球最大经济体之间的紧张关系在近期迅速升级。上周，中国政府提出一项新的许可制度，要求全球所有含有微量中国稀土元素或采用中国技术开采加工矿物的产品贸易，都需获得北京批准。

The rules, which would go into effect later this year, shocked foreign governments and businesses, who would theoretically need to seek licenses from Beijing to trade in products ranging from cars to computer chips, even outside of Chinese borders. The system would also deny shipments to any U.S. and European defense or weapons manufacturers, who are still highly dependent on Chinese minerals.

这项预计将在今年晚些时候生效的规定令各国政府和企业震惊，这在理论上意味着从汽车到计算机芯片等产品即使在中国境外交易，也必须向中国申请许可。该制度还将禁止向仍高度依赖中国矿物的欧美国防及武器制造商供货。

On Friday, Mr. Trump responded by threatening to put an additional 100 percent tariff on products from China on Nov. 1 and cancel an upcoming meeting with China’s leader, Xi Jinping. After the announcements caused the stock market to plummet, Mr. Trump quickly qualified his statements. He said he might meet Mr. Xi anyway and wrote on social media on Sunday, “Don’t worry about China, it will all be fine!”

作为回应，特朗普在上周五威胁称，将于11月1日起对中国商品加征100%关税，并取消与中国领导人习近平即将举行的会晤。表态导致股市暴跌后，特朗普很快缓和了语气，表示他仍可能与习近平会面，并于周日在社交媒体上发文称：“不必担心中国，一切都会好起来的！”

The Treasury secretary pointed to China’s announcement last week of new export controls on rare-earth minerals as a reason the United States must exert more state control over corporations. “When we get an announcement like this week with China on the rare earths, you realize we have to be self-sufficient, or we have to be sufficient with our allies,” Mr. Bessent said.

贝森特指出，中国上周宣布的稀土出口管制正是美国必须加强对企业管控的原因。“当我们看到中国本周宣布的稀土新规时，就会意识到必须实现自给自足，或至少需与盟国共同保障供应，”贝森特强调。

The Trump administration has taken stakes in several companies including U.S. Steel, Intel, as well as Trilogy Metals and MP Materials, a rare-earth mining company. Mr. Trump has also demanded cuts of revenue from sales of chips that Nvidia and Advanced Micro Devices earn from China.

特朗普政府已通过入股多家企业实施该战略，包括美国钢铁、英特尔、Trilogy Metals以及稀土开采企业MP Materials。特朗普还要求从英伟达和AMD在华芯片销售的收入中抽取分成。

The United States has been trying to catch up in the race for critical minerals, which are crucial for advanced technologies including weaponry, airplanes and computer chips. Mr. Bessent noted that the development of a “strategic mineral reserve” is a priority and said that JPMorgan Chase was interested in working with the administration on the initiative.

美国一直在努力追赶关键矿产领域的竞争——这些矿产对包括武器、飞机和电脑芯片在内的先进技术至关重要。贝森特指出，建立“战略矿产储备”是当务之急，并透露摩根大通有意与政府合作推动这一计划。

Mr. Bessent said that the Trump administration had identified seven industries that it considered of strategic importance where the United States could seek to exert more government control. He pointed specifically to the defense sector, where in some cases the U.S. government is the largest or only customer of certain companies, and said that the administration could insist that companies spend more money on research and less on stock buybacks.

贝森特表示，特朗普政府已确定七个具有战略重要性的产业，美国将在这些领域寻求加强政府控制。他特别提及国防工业——在某些领域美国政府是某些企业的最大甚至唯一客户，因此政府可以要求这些企业将更多资金用于研发，而不是回购股票。

“I do think our defense companies are woefully behind in terms of deliveries,” Mr. Bessent said.

“我确实认为，我们的国防企业在交付方面严重落后，”贝森特坦言。

The United States would use “price floors” and “forward buying” across a “range of industries,” he added, to ensure that China does not dominate other sectors the way it has with the processing and refining of rare earths.

他补充道，美国将在“多个行业”设置“价格下限”和实施“预购机制”，以确保中国不会像主导稀土加工与精炼那样在其他领域取得垄断地位。

The push for greater government control over the private sector is a policy that he has criticized in the past.

这种加强政府干预私营领域的政策取向，恰是贝森特过往屡次抨击的做法。

Last year, Mr. Bessent delivered a speech at the Manhattan Institute deriding the Biden administration’s subsidies of strategic sectors such as semiconductors as “central planning.” At a news conference at the Treasury Department on Wednesday, Mr. Bessent scolded China for deploying similar tactics.

去年，在曼哈顿研究所发表演讲时，他曾讽刺拜登政府对半导体等战略行业的补贴政策是“中央计划”。然而在周三财政部的记者会上，贝森特又严厉批评中国采取类似策略。

“They are a state economy,” Mr. Bessent said. “We are not going to let a group of bureaucrats in Beijing try to manage the global supply chains.”

他说：“他们是一个国家主导型经济体。我们绝不会任由北京的一群官僚试图操控全球供应链。”

Mr. Bessent and Jamieson Greer, the United States Trade Representative, appeared to escalate trade tensions with China by publicly rebuking their new controls as economic coercion. They accused China of violating the terms of a trade truce reached this year and said that Mr. Trump would not back down from the 100 percent tariffs that he threatened in retaliation even if the trade dispute causes the stock market to tumble.

贝森特与美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔公开谴责中国新的出口管控属于经济胁迫，这似乎进一步加剧了美中贸易紧张局势。他们指责中国违反了今年达成的贸易休战协议，并强调即使贸易争端引发股市震荡，特朗普也绝不会撤回威胁实施的100%报复性关税。

Mr. Bessent, in particular, struck a combative tone, assailing a Chinese trade official, Li Chenggang, in unusually personal terms. He suggested that Mr. Li was a “slightly unhinged” economic diplomat who had gone “rogue” in rolling out the new export measures.

贝森特的言辞格外强硬，尤其以罕见的个人化措辞抨击中国贸易官员李成钢，称其是一名“有点不正常”的经济外交官，在推出新的出口管制措施方面“任意妄为”。

The rising tension between America and China comes as global policymakers are gathering in Washington for the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. While the Trump administration has spent much of the year threatening U.S. allies with steep tariffs, Mr. Bessent suggested that he now wanted to work with those countries to confront China over its economic practices.

美中关系日趋紧张之际，全球政策制定者正齐聚华盛顿，参加国际货币基金组织和世界银行年会。尽管特朗普政府今年多数时间都在以高额关税威胁美国盟友，但贝森特暗示，当前希望与这些国家携手应对中国的经济行为。

Mr. Greer criticized China’s new restrictions as “an exercise in economic coercion on every country in the world.” Because critical minerals and semiconductors made with them are in so many products, he said, “this rule gives China control over basically the entire global economy and the technology supply chain,” including not only A.I. and high-tech products but also cars, smartphones and even household appliances.

美国贸易代表格里尔批评中国的新限制措施是“对世界各国的经济胁迫行径”。他指出，由于关键矿物及其制造的半导体广泛应用于众多产品，“这项规定相当于让中国掌控了整个全球经济和技术供应链”，不仅涵盖人工智能和高科技产品，还包括汽车、智能手机乃至家用电器。

Mr. Greer said that the United States complied with the terms of the economic truce it had struck with the Chinese this year. The United States had already drafted its paperwork to add tariffs to Chinese products, and would proceed with that if the Chinese licensing system went into effect later this year.

格里尔表示，美国已遵守今年与中国达成的经济休战协议条款。美国已完成对中国商品加征关税的文书起草工作，若中国的许可证制度在今年晚些时候如期生效，美国将立即实施相应关税措施。

“Our expectation is that this never goes into effect,” Mr. Greer said.

他说：“我们的预期是，这项制度永远不会生效。”

The countries have also clashed over a U.S. move to impose fees on Chinese-owned ships docking in American ports, a policy U.S. officials say is geared at revitalizing American shipbuilding. Non-Chinese shipping lines must also pay the fees when they send Chinese-built ships to American ports. Those went into effect on Tuesday,

两国还就美国对停靠美国港口的中国所有船舶征收费用一事产生冲突，美国官员表示，此举旨在重振美国的造船业。非中国航运企业使用中国制造的船舶停靠美国港口，也必须缴纳这笔费用，该政策已于周二正式生效。

The Chinese government has threatened to hit American vessels with similar fees, and on Tuesday it imposed sanctions on five subsidiaries of Hanwha, a South Korean company that is helping the United States build ships. The order, which took effect immediately, prohibits Chinese companies or individuals from doing business with the Hanwha units.

中国政府则威胁将对美国船舶征收类似费用，并于周二宣布制裁协助美国造船的韩国韩华集团五家子公司。该命令立即生效，禁止中国企业与个人与这些韩华子公司进行任何商业往来。

Despite the strident tone from the United States, Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi are still expected to meet in South Korea this month. Mr. Bessent also said that there were “working level” meetings taking place between U.S. and Chinese officials on the sidelines of the I.M.F. meetings this week.

尽管美方语气强硬，但外界普遍预计特朗普与习近平仍将于本月在韩国会面。贝森特还透露，本周在IMF年会期间，美中双方官员正在举行“工作层面”的磋商。