The Trump administration is moving to deport Mahmoud Khalil, a permanent legal resident of the United States who recently graduated from Columbia University and had helped lead high-profile campus protests against Israel’s war in Gaza.

特朗普政府正采取行动驱逐一名美国永久合法居民马哈茂德·哈利勒，后者不久前从哥伦比亚大学毕业，参与领导了引起广泛关注的反对以色列的加沙战争的校园抗议活动。

Speaking to reporters in Ireland on Wednesday, Secretary of State Marco Rubio accused Mr. Khalil of participating in protests that he described as antisemitic and supportive of the terrorist group Hamas. Foreigners who come to the United States and do such things, he said, will have their visas or green cards revoked and be kicked out.

周三，国务卿鲁比奥在爱尔兰对记者发表讲话时，指称哈利勒参加的抗议是反犹和支持恐怖组织哈马斯的活动。他说，来美国做这种事的外国人将被吊销签证或绿卡，并被驱逐出境。

“This is not about free speech,” Mr. Rubio said. “This is about people that don’t have a right to be in the United States to begin with. No one has a right to a student visa. No one has a right to a green card, by the way.”

“这与言论自由无关，”鲁比奥说。“这是关于那些本来就没有权利在美国的人。没有人天生有权获得学生签证。顺便说一下，也没有人天生有权获得绿卡。”

Mr. Khalil’s arrest ignited protests in New York and set up a fight over free speech. Here’s what to know about the administration’s attempt to deport him.

哈利勒的被捕引发了纽约的抗议活动，并引发了一场关于言论自由的争论。以下是政府试图驱逐他的相关信息。

Who is Mahmoud Khalil?

马哈茂德·哈利勒是谁？

Mr. Khalil, 30, earned a master’s degree from Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs in December. He has Palestinian heritage and is married to an American citizen who is eight months pregnant.

30岁的哈利勒去年12月在哥伦比亚大学国际与公共事务学院获得硕士学位。他有巴勒斯坦血统，妻子是美国公民，目前怀有八个月身孕。

Mr. Khalil’s lawyers say he was arrested by immigration officers on Saturday in his apartment in Manhattan even though he told the agents that he had a green card. He was then sent to a detention center in Louisiana.

哈利勒的律师说，他于周六在曼哈顿的公寓里被移民官员逮捕，尽管他当时告知自己有绿卡。随后，他被送往路易斯安那州的一个拘留中心。

At Columbia last spring, Mr. Khalil assumed a major role in student-led protests on campus against Israel’s war efforts in Gaza. He described his position as a negotiator and spokesman for Columbia University Apartheid Divest, a pro-Palestinian group.

去年春天在哥伦比亚大学的那场反对以色列的加沙战争的校园抗议活动中，哈利勒扮演了重要角色。他自称是亲巴勒斯坦组织哥伦比亚大学种族隔离撤资组织的谈判代表和发言人。

What’s the legal basis for his arrest and possible deportation?

逮捕他并可能将他驱逐出境的法律依据是什么？

Mr. Khalil has not faced any criminal charges, and deportation proceedings are a civil, not criminal, matter. In arresting Mr. Khalil and working to remove him from the United States, Mr. Rubio is relying on a provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 that gives him sweeping power to expel foreigners.

哈利勒没有面临任何刑事指控，驱逐出境程序属于民事范畴而非刑事范畴。在逮捕哈利勒并试图将他驱逐出美国的过程中，鲁比奥依据的是1952年《移民与国民法》中的一项条款，该条款赋予他驱逐外国人的广泛权力。

The provision says that any “alien whose presence or activities in the United States the secretary of state has reasonable ground to believe would have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States is deportable.”

该条款规定，任何“国务卿有合理理由相信其在美国的存在或活动可能对美国的外交政策造成严重不利后果的外国人，均可被驱逐出境”。

The administration’s rationale for why Mr. Rubio can invoke that provision to expel Mr. Khalil, according to people with knowledge of the matter, is that the United States has a foreign policy of combating antisemitism around the world. Mr. Khalil’s presence in the United States, the people said, would undermine that objective because the protests he helped lead were antisemitic and fostered a hostile environment for Jewish students.

据知情人士透露，政府认为鲁比奥之所以能够援引这一条款驱逐哈利勒的理由是，美国的外交政策是在世界各地打击反犹。知情人士说，哈利勒身在美国会破坏这一目标，因为他帮助领导的抗议活动是反犹主义的，并为犹太学生营造了一个充满敌意的环境。

President Trump’s border czar, Thomas Homan, echoed some of that reasoning while speaking to reporters in Albany on Wednesday. He described Mr. Khalil as a “national security threat.”

特朗普总统的边境事务负责人托马斯·霍曼周三在奥尔巴尼对记者发表讲话时也呼应了其中的一些理由。他称哈利勒是“国家安全威胁”。

“When you hand out leaflets inciting violence on a college campus, that’s illegal,” Mr. Homan said. “Being in this country with a visa or a resident card is a privilege, and you got to follow certain rules.”

“如果你在大学校园里散发煽动暴力的传单，那是违法的，”霍曼说。“持有签证或居留卡在这个国家是一种优待，你必须遵守某些规定。”

At a news briefing on Tuesday, Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, accused Mr. Khalil of “siding with terrorists.” She asserted that “pro-Hamas propaganda fliers” with the organization’s logo were distributed at the protests Mr. Khalil led at Columbia.

在周二的新闻发布会上，白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特指责哈利勒“站在恐怖分子一边”。她断言，哈利勒领导的哥伦比亚大学抗议活动中出现了带有哈马斯标志的“亲哈马斯宣传单”。

She declined to share the purported fliers with reporters, saying that doing so would corrupt the dignity of the White House briefing room, and presented no evidence that Mr. Khalil had produced or distributed any fliers.

她拒绝与记者分享所谓的传单，称这样做会损害白宫简报室的尊严，而且没有提供证据表明哈利勒制作或分发过任何传单。

Nor have officials accused Mr. Khalil of having any contact with Hamas, taking direction from it or providing material support to it.

官员们也没有指控哈利勒与哈马斯有任何联系、曾接受哈马斯的指示或向哈马斯提供实质性的支持。

Because lawful permanent residents are protected by the Constitution — including First Amendment free-speech rights and Fifth Amendment due-process rights — the case appears likely to set up a major test of whether that statute, at least as applied to this situation, is constitutional.

因为合法永久居民受到宪法的保护——包括第一修正案的言论自由权利和第五修正案的正当程序权利——此案似乎很可能对该法规——至少对于本案的适用——是否合宪构成重大考验。

Immigration law specialists have struggled to find much guiding precedent for previous uses of the provision of the Immigration and National Act the administration is invoking.

移民法专家们很难在政府援引的《移民与国民法》条款的以往使用中找到多少指导性先例。

The Clinton administration invoked the provision in 1995 in an attempt to deport a former Mexican government official, but the constitutional issues were never resolved. The ex-official, who was in the United States on a visa, filed a lawsuit, and in 1996, a federal judge in New Jersey — Maryanne Trump Barry, the sister of the president — struck the provision down as unconstitutional, noting that it had not been interpreted in any reported judicial opinion.

1995年，克林顿政府在试图驱逐一名前墨西哥政府官员时援引了这一条款，但合宪问题从未得到解决。这名持签证在美国的前官员提起了诉讼。1996年，新泽西州的一名联邦法官——特朗普总统的姐姐玛丽安娜·特朗普·巴里——裁定该条款违宪，并指出该条款没有在任何有记录的司法意见中得到解释。

But an appeals court overturned her ruling, saying the former official had to go through the administrative immigration process before federal courts could address his case. In 1999, the Board of Immigration Appeals said the administration could use the provision to deport him, but two months later it changed course and instead indicted him. The former official died a month later, so the case ended.

但一家上诉法院推翻了她的裁决，称这位前官员必须先走行政移民程序，然后联邦法院才能审理他的案件。1999年，移民上诉委员会表示，政府可以利用这一条款将他驱逐出境，但两个月后，该委员会改变了做法，转而起诉了他。这名前官员在一个月后去世，案件就此结束。

What happens next?

接下来会发生什么？

A federal judge in Manhattan has ordered the government not to remove Mr. Khalil from the United States while his case is pending. But it is not yet clear whether that judge has jurisdiction over him now that he has been moved to Louisiana.

曼哈顿一名联邦法官命令政府在案件未决期间不要将哈利勒驱逐出美国。但目前尚不清楚这名法官是否对他有管辖权，因为他已经被转移到路易斯安那州。

The judge did not make any immediate decisions about the detention of Mr. Khalil at a hearing on Wednesday, but he did allow Mr. Khalil’s lawyer two phone calls, their first privileged contact since his arrest. A lawyer for the government said that Mr. Khalil, a legal permanent resident, has been placed in removal proceedings in Louisiana, where he is being held.

在周三的听证会上，法官没有当即就哈利勒的拘留问题做出任何决定，但他允许哈利勒的律师打了两次电话，这是他们在哈利勒被捕后的第一次特权接触。政府的一名律师表示，哈利勒是合法的永久居民，他目前被纳入路易斯安那州的驱逐程序。

Mr. Khalil’s lawyers also filed a motion on Monday asking the judge to compel the federal government to transfer him back to New York to reunite him with his wife, who is expected to give birth next month.

哈利勒的律师周一还提出了一项动议，要求法官迫使联邦政府将他转移回纽约，让他与预计将于下个月分娩的妻子团聚。

His immigration status will be decided in a separate process, presided over by an immigration judge who could determine whether to revoke Mr. Khalil’s green card. There is little precedent for deporting a legal permanent resident based on the 1952 law giving the secretary of state the power to do so on foreign policy grounds.

他的移民身份将在另一个由移民法官主持的程序中决定，该法官将决定是否撤销哈利勒的绿卡。1952年的法律赋予国务卿以外交政策为由驱逐合法永久居民的权力，但根据此法驱逐合法永久居民几乎没有先例可循。

Could this happen to other visa or green card holders?

其他签证或绿卡持有者也会面临这种情况吗？

Mr. Trump said Mr. Khalil’s case was “the first arrest of many to come.” Ms. Leavitt echoed that warning and said that Columbia had the names of others who had “engaged in pro-Hamas activity” and that the school was “refusing to help” the Homeland Security Department identify them.

特朗普表示，哈利勒案“只是第一例，后面还要抓好多”。莱维特呼应了这一警告，并表示，哥伦比亚大学有“参与亲哈马斯活动”的人员名单，但该校“拒绝帮助”国土安全部确认他们的身份。

One of Mr. Khalil’s lawyers, Amy Greer, said that homeland security agents told her they had a warrant to revoke his student visa. When she informed them that Mr. Khalil did not have one, given that he was a permanent resident, she was told that the department had revoked his green card.

哈利勒的律师之一艾米·格里尔说，国土安全人员告诉她，他们有撤销哈利勒学生签证的授权令。当她告诉他们，哈利勒是永久居民，不持学生签证时，她被告知，移民局已经吊销了他的绿卡。

What has Mr. Trump said about pro-Palestinian protesters?

关于亲巴勒斯坦抗议者，特朗普曾发表过什么言论？

Since 2023, Mr. Trump has repeatedly vowed to revoke visas of international students who participate in pro-Palestinian protests and criticize Israel’s war efforts.

自2023年以来，特朗普一再发誓要吊销参加亲巴勒斯坦抗议活动和批评以色列战争行动的国际学生的签证。

“Americans have been disgusted to see the open support for terrorists among the legions of foreign nationals on college campuses,” Mr. Trump declared at a rally in Iowa on Oct. 16, 2023. “They’re teaching your children hate.”

2023年10月16日，特朗普在艾奥瓦州的一次集会上宣布，“看到大学校园里大量外国人公开支持恐怖分子，美国人感到厌恶。他们在教你的孩子仇恨。”

He added: “Under the Trump administration, we will revoke the student visas of radical, anti-American and antisemitic foreigners at our colleges and universities, and we will send them straight back home.”

他还说：“在特朗普政府的领导下，我们将撤销我们学院和大学里激进的、反美和反犹的外国人的学生签证，我们会把他们直接遣送回国。”

At a speech in Las Vegas on Oct. 28 of that year, Mr. Trump said that “we’ll terminate the visas of all of those Hamas sympathizers, and we’ll get them off our college campuses, out of our cities and get them the hell out of our country.”

同年10月28日，在拉斯维加斯的演讲中，特朗普说，“我们将终止所有哈马斯同情者的签证，我们将把他们赶出我们的大学校园，赶出我们的城市，把他们赶出我们的国家。”