The Trump administration has suspended some sales to China of critical U.S. technologies, including those related to jet engines, semiconductors and certain chemicals. The move is a response to China’s recent restrictions on exports of critical minerals to the United States, a decision by Beijing that has threatened to cripple U.S. company supply chains, according to two people familiar with the matter.

特朗普政府暂停了一些关键美国技术的对华销售，包括与喷气发动机、半导体和某些化学品有关的技术。据两位知情人士透露，此举是对中国最近限制向美国出口关键矿产的回应，北京这一决定可能导致美国公司的供应链瘫痪。

The new limits are pushing the world’s largest economies a step closer toward supply chain warfare, as Washington and Beijing try to flex their power over essential economic components in an attempt to gain the upper hand in an intensifying trade conflict.

新的限制正将全球最大的两个经济体推向一场供应链战争，华盛顿和北京正试图在重要的经济领域展示自己的力量，都想在愈演愈烈的贸易冲突中占据上风。

The standoff could have significant implications for companies that depend on foreign technologies, including makers of airplanes, robots cars and semiconductors.

这种僵局可能对依赖外国技术的公司，包括飞机、机器人、汽车和半导体制造商产生重大影响，

It could also complicate efforts to negotiate an end to a trade fight over the administration’s tariff policies. On May 12, negotiators from the two countries agreed to reduce the punishing tariffs they have imposed on each other for 90 days while negotiators sought a longer-term resolution.

为了结束特朗普政府关税政策引发的贸易战而进行的谈判也可能因这些举措而愈发困难。5月12日，两国谈判代表同意在90天内降低彼此征收的高额关税，同时寻求一项长期解决方案。

Scott Bessent, the Treasury secretary, said at the time that “the consensus from both delegations is that neither side wanted a decoupling.” Yet the administration continues to target China with punitive measures.

财政部长贝森特当时表示，“双方代表团的共识是，双方都不希望脱钩。”然而，政府继续对中国采取惩罚性措施。

Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced on Wednesday that the United States would “aggressively revoke” visas for Chinese students who study in critical fields or who connections to the Chinese Communist Party.

国务卿鲁比奥周三宣布，美国将“积极寻求撤销”在关键领域学习或与中国共产党有联系的中国学生的签证。

Since their agreement to roll back tariffs in May, U.S. officials had expected the Chinese to relax restrictions they had imposed on critical minerals, but they do not appear to be pleased with China’s efforts.

自5月双方同意降低关税以来，美国官员曾期望中国放宽对关键矿产的限制，但他们似乎对中国的努力并不满意。

In recent days, the Chinese have restarted some shipments of rare earth magnets, but they have been limited, one of the people said. American companies remain concerned about their access to critical Chinese supplies.

其中一名知情人士表示，最近几天，中国重启了部分稀土磁铁的运输，但数量有限。美国公司仍然担心能否获得关键的中国供应。

In April, China suspended exports of a range of critical minerals and magnets, which are essential for automakers, aerospace manufacturers, semiconductor companies and military contractors around the world. The Chinese government said it had halted the shipments while drafting a new regulatory system.

今年4月，中国暂停了一系列关键矿产和磁铁的出口，这些对世界各地的汽车制造商、航空航天制造商、半导体公司和军事承包商来说都至关重要。中国政府表示正在起草新的监管规则，在此期间暂时停止这些产品的出口。

Beijing’s moves were in response to Mr. Trump’s decision to sharply increase tariffs on China in early April, to a minimum of 145 percent, after Beijing retaliated against his earlier tariffs. Mr. Trump had imposed levies on dozens of countries globally, citing their unfair trade practices, and warned other countries not to respond in kind.

北京的举措是对特朗普4月初决定将对中国的关税大幅提高到至少145%的回应，此前北京对特朗普之前的关税进行了报复。特朗普以不公平的贸易行为为由，对全球数十个国家征收了关税，并警告其他国家不要做出以牙还牙的回应。

The new export restrictions appear to be part of a broader review within the Commerce Department of exports of strategic goods to China. The Bureau of Industry and Security, a division within the department, is in charge of granting companies licenses that allow them to export products that have military value or other strategic importance to the United States.

新的出口限制似乎是美国商务部对战略物资出口中国进行更广泛审查的一部分。商务部下属的工业和安全局负责向企业发放许可证，允许它们出口对美国具有军事价值或其他战略重要性的产品。

One person familiar with the matter, who declined to be named to discuss private conversations, said the Commerce Department had suspended some licenses that allowed American companies to sell products and technology to COMAC, a Chinese state-owned aerospace manufacturer, in order to develop its C919 aircraft.

一位因涉及私人谈话而拒绝透露姓名的知情人士表示，商务部已经暂停了一些允许美国公司向中国国有航空制造商中国商飞出售其开发C919飞机所需产品和技术的许可证。

The Commerce Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

商务部没有立即回应置评请求。

The C919, a plane comparable in size to the Boeing 737 or the Airbus A320, carried paying passengers for the first time in 2023. Many of the plane’s parts, including its engines and components necessary to power and control the aircraft, come from U.S. and European suppliers.

C919是一种与波音737或空客A320大小相当的飞机，在2023年首次搭载付费乘客。这架飞机的许多部件，包括发动机和为飞机提供动力和控制所需的部件，都来自美国和欧洲的供应商。

China is a long way away from producing enough planes to meet its needs and, analysts say, will continue to be dependent on Boeing and Airbus for planes, and companies like GE Aerospace for jet engines, for many years to come.

中国距离生产足够的飞机来满足其需求还有很长的路要走，分析人士称，在未来的许多年里，中国将继续依赖波音和空客制造飞机，并依靠通用航空等公司生产喷气发动机。

The Trump administration also appears to have paused exports of software, sold by companies like Cadence, Synopsys and Siemens, used to design computer chips.

特朗普政府似乎还暂停了楷登电子、新思科技和西门子等公司销售的用于设计计算机芯片的软件的出口。

The Financial Times earlier reported that the Trump administration was restricting exports of chip design software to China. The Biden administration had placed some limits on sales to China of software for the most advanced chips, but most sales were not affected by those restrictions.

《金融时报》早些时候报道称，特朗普政府正在限制向中国出口芯片设计软件。拜登政府对最先进芯片的软件向中国的销售施加了一些限制，但大多数销售并未受到影响。

China has accelerated its efforts to develop its own advanced chips, particularly since the United States and its allies started restricting exports of advanced chips and the equipment used to make them to curb China’s progress in artificial intelligence. But it remains dependent on foreign countries for software and machinery used to make advanced chips.

中国加快了开发自己的先进芯片的努力，尤其是在美国及其盟友开始限制先进芯片及其制造设备的出口，以遏制中国在人工智能方面的进步之后。但中国制造先进芯片所需的软件和机器仍然依赖外国。

Representatives for GE, Honeywell, Cadence and Siemens did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Synopsys declined to comment.

通用电气、霍尼韦尔、楷登电子和西门子的代表没有立即回应置评请求。新思科技拒绝置评。