The Biden administration said on Thursday that it was considering a new rule that could restrict or ban Chinese drones in the United States out of national security concerns.

拜登政府于周四表示，出于国家安全担忧，正在考虑制定一项新规定，限制或禁止中国无人机进入美国。

In a notice, the Commerce Department said the involvement of foreign adversaries — notably China and Russia — in the design, development, manufacture and supply of drones could pose “undue or unacceptable risk to U.S. national security.”

商务部在一份通知中表示，外国对手——尤其是中国和俄罗斯——参与无人机的设计、开发、制造和供应，可能会对 “美国国家安全构成不当或不可接受的风险”。

The notice requested private companies to comment on the scope and implications of the rule by March 4. The decision of what restrictions to impose, if any, on Chinese and Russian drones will fall to the Trump administration.

该通知要求私营公司在3月4日前就该规则的范围和影响发表评论。如果对中国和俄罗斯无人机做出限制，实施何种限制将由特朗普政府决定。

China and Russia have shown a willingness to compromise U.S. infrastructure and security through cyberespionage, the Commerce Department said, adding that the governments could leverage their laws and political situations to “co-opt private entities for national interests.”

商务部表示，中国和俄罗斯已经表现出通过网络间谍活动危害美国基础设施和安全的意愿，并称两国政府可能会利用其法律和政治局势“笼络私营实体以谋求国家利益”。

Beyond the use of drones by hobbyists, the devices are employed in a variety of U.S. industries. They help farmers monitor crops and spray for pests, inspect pipelines for the chemical industry, survey bridges and construction sites, and aid firefighters and other emergency responders.

除了业余爱好者外，美国各行各业也在使用无人机。它们帮助农民监控农作物和喷洒农药，为化工行业检查管道，勘测桥梁和建筑工地，并为消防员和其他应急人员提供帮助。

But drones have evolved over the past decade to include sophisticated cameras, receivers and artificial intelligence abilities, fueling concerns that they could be turned into a useful tool for an adversarial government.

但在过去十年中，无人机不断发展，配备了先进的摄像头、接收器和人工智能能力，这加剧了人们对无人机可能成为敌对政府的有用工具的担忧。

Companies based in China account for at least 75 percent of the U.S. drone market, a dominance that “provides ample exploitation opportunities,” the Commerce Department said. It added that Russia accounted for a relatively small portion of global drone sales but had announced its intention to invest heavily in developing the domestic market.

商务部称，总部设在中国的公司占据了美国无人机市场至少75%的份额，这种优势“提供了大量的利用机会”。商务部还称，俄罗斯在全球无人机销售中的份额相对较小，但它已宣布有意投入巨资开发国内市场。

Commerce Secretary Gina M. Raimondo said in a statement that the proposed rule would be “an essential step in protecting the United States from vulnerabilities posed by foreign entities.”

商务部长雷蒙多在一份声明中表示，拟议的规则将是“保护美国免受外国实体威胁的重要一步”。

She added that securing the unmanned aircraft systems technology supply chain was “critical to safeguarding our national security.”

她补充说，确保无人驾驶飞机系统技术供应链的安全“对保障我们的国家安全至关重要”。

In its notice, the Commerce Department said that drones could be used to damage physical infrastructure in a collision, deliver an explosive payload or gather information about critical infrastructure, including building layouts.

商务部在通知中表示，无人机可用于在碰撞中破坏实体基础设施、投放爆炸性有效载荷或收集关键基础设施的信息，包括建筑布局。

In addition, with critical infrastructure in the United States increasingly reliant on drones, any efforts to remotely incapacitate them would create a risk to national security. The department added that in the past, drone companies based in China had pushed updates to their devices to create no-fly restrictions that disabled them in conflict zones defined by the companies.

此外，由于美国的关键基础设施越来越依赖无人机，任何使无人机远程失效的行为都将给国家安全带来风险。商务部补充说，过去，总部设在中国的无人机公司曾对其设备进行更新，以建立禁飞限制，使无人机在这些公司规定的冲突地区无法飞行。

The notice said that the Commerce Department was also considering whether any measures could mitigate the risks and allow the sale of Chinese drones to continue, such as certain design requirements or cybersecurity software.

通知称，商务部还在考虑是否有任何措施可以降低风险，允许中国无人机继续销售，例如某些设计要求或网络安全软件。

The proposed rule is part of a broader effort by the Biden administration to examine and eliminate vulnerabilities in high-tech products and communications infrastructure that collect huge amounts of data about Americans.

为检查和消除高科技产品和通信基础设施中收集大量美国人数据的漏洞而，拜登政府做出了更广泛的努力，这项拟议的规则是其中的一部分。

In September, the administration moved to ban Chinese-developed software from internet-connected cars in the United States. The initiative was aimed at preventing Chinese intelligence agencies from monitoring the movements of Americans or using the vehicles’ electronics as a pathway into the U.S. electric grid or other infrastructure.

9月，美国政府采取行动，禁止美国的联网汽车使用中国开发的软件。这一举措旨在防止中国情报机构监控美国人的行踪，或利用汽车电子设备作为进入美国电网或其他基础设施的途径。

On Thursday, China added 28 U.S. companies to an export control list to “safeguard national security and interests.”

周四，中国将28家美国公司列入出口管制名单，以“维护国家安全和利益”。

Lawmakers have repeatedly raised concerns about national security risks from drones, including ones from DJI, a leading drone maker based in China. A defense bill that President Biden signed last month contained a provision ordering the government to determine whether drones from DJI or Autel Robotics, another Chinese company, posed a threat.

美国国会议员曾多次对无人机带来的国家安全风险表示担忧，其中包括来自中国领先无人机制造商大疆的无人机。拜登总统上月签署的国防法案中包含一项条款，要求政府确定大疆或另一家中国公司道通智能的无人机是否构成威胁。

The restrictions come amid growing concerns about U.S. vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. The Treasury Department announced on Monday that it had been hacked by a Chinese intelligence agency.

这些限制措施是在人们日益担心美国容易受到网络攻击的情况下出台的。美国财政部周一宣布，它遭到了中国情报机构的黑客攻击。

In recent months, a series of revelations have shown how a sophisticated Chinese intelligence group, called Salt Typhoon, penetrated deep into at least nine U.S. telecommunications firms, targeting phone lines used by President-elect Donald J. Trump and others.

近几个月来，一系列揭露显示，一个名为“盐台风”的复杂中国情报组织如何深入渗透到至少九家美国电信公司，目标是候任总统特朗普和其他人使用的电话线路。