The United States ambassador to China, R. Nicholas Burns, said the Biden administration is making a last push to try to persuade China to stop transferring equipment to Russia for the war in Ukraine.

美国驻华大使尼古拉斯·伯恩斯表示，拜登政府正在做最后的努力，试图说服中国停止向俄罗斯提供用于乌克兰战争的装备。

Mr. Burns, in an interview at the U.S. embassy in Beijing, asserted that nearly 400 Chinese companies have supplied Russia with so-called dual use products, those with both military and commercial applications. He also said China has supplied 90 percent of the microelectronics used in the Russian war effort.

伯恩斯在北京的美国驻华大使馆接受采访时声称，近400家中国公司向俄罗斯提供了所谓的军民两用产品。他还表示，俄罗斯在这场战争中使用的微电子产品中，90%都是中国提供的。

With less than two weeks remaining before President-elect Donald J. Trump takes office, Mr. Burns is raising the administration’s concerns about Russia, as well as China’s alignment with Iran and North Korea, with Chinese ministers in a series of meetings this week and early next week. He leaves the country this coming Tuesday.

距离候任总统特朗普上任仅剩不到两周，在上周和本周初与中国的多位部长举行的一系列会议中，伯恩斯表达了美国政府对俄罗斯以及中国与伊朗和朝鲜结盟的担忧。他将于本周二离开中国。

More broadly, Mr. Burns said that China’s policies toward Russia, Iran and North Korea were inconsistent with Beijing’s desire to play a leading role in international initiatives of global order, like the World Trade Organization and the Paris agreement on climate change.

伯恩斯表示，从更广泛意义上讲，中国对俄罗斯、伊朗和朝鲜的政策与北京希望在全球秩序的国际倡议中（如世界贸易组织和巴黎气候变化协定）发挥主导作用的愿望不一致。

“Their actions are disruptive because they’re aligning themselves with the most unreliable agents of disorder in the international system,” he said. “So the Chinese can’t have it both ways; they’ve got to make a decision here.”

“他们的行动具有破坏性，因为他们与国际体系中最不可靠的混乱因素结盟，”他说。“因此，中国人无法两面兼得；他们必须做出决定。”

He also said that China, which buys huge quantities of oil from Iran, should use its influence to insist that Iran stop the Tehran-backed Houthi militia from attacking commercial shipping in the Red Sea.

他还表示，从伊朗购买大量石油的中国应该利用其影响力，坚持要求伊朗阻止德黑兰支持的胡塞民兵组织袭击红海商业航运。

Mr. Burns met this week with senior officials including Ma Zhaoxu, the executive vice foreign minister, and Liu Jianchao, who runs the international department of the Chinese Communist Party and is expected to become the next foreign minister. He has more meetings next week.

伯恩斯上周会见了多位中国高级官员，包括外交部常务副部长马朝旭和中共中央对外联络部部长刘建超。刘建超预计将出任下一任外交部长。伯恩斯本周还将出席更多会面。

In a statement on Friday, the spokesperson’s office of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that China had favored peace talks and a cease-fire in the Ukraine war and had taken a responsible stance on weapons trade. The statement did not address the contention of Ukraine and Western countries that any peace agreement should include a Russian withdrawal from occupied Ukrainian territories.

中国外交部发言人办公室周五发表声明称，中国支持乌克兰战争达成和谈与停火，并在武器贸易问题上采取负责任的立场。该声明没有提及乌克兰和西方国家提出的有关任何和平协议都应包括俄罗斯从占领的乌克兰领土撤军的观点。

“China takes a prudent attitude toward military exports and strictly controls the export of dual-use items,” the statement said. “We advise the United States to stop adding fuel to the fire and shifting the blame, and to reflect on its own role in the Ukraine crisis, and do something practical for a political solution to this crisis,” it said.

“中方在军品出口方面一向采取慎重、负责态度，严格管控军民两用物项，”声明称。“我们奉劝美方停止拱火浇油、抹黑甩锅，深刻反省自身在乌克兰危机中扮演的角色，为政治解决危机做些实事。”

The statement rejected Mr. Burns’s assertion that China had not done enough to make the Red Sea safe for commercial navigation. “Since the situation in the Red Sea has heated up, China has been playing an active role in easing tensions and will continue to do so in the future,” it said.

声明驳斥了伯恩斯关于中国在确保红海商业航行安全方面做得不够的说法。声明称：“自红海局势升温以来，中国一直在为缓解紧张局势发挥积极作用，今后也将继续这样做。”

Chinese officials have taken the position that while the West has imposed sanctions on oil sales by Iran because of its nuclear weapons development program, the United Nations has not done so. So China has felt no legal obligation to avoid buying Iranian oil, which sells at a steep discount to world prices because other countries shun it.

中国官员的立场是，尽管西方因伊朗核武器发展计划而对其石油销售实施了制裁，但联合国并未这样做。因此，中国并不认为有回避购买伊朗石油的法律义务。由于其他国家回避伊朗石油，其售价远低于国际价格。

China has quadrupled imports of Iranian oil in the nearly two years since brokering Iran’s peace deal with Saudi Arabia, and last year it bought more than 90 percent of Iran’s oil exports, according to Kpler, a firm in Vienna that specializes in tracking Iran’s oil shipments. Oil sales to China by Iran’s state-owned oil sector represent more than 5 percent of the entire Iranian economy, and they pay for much of the operations of the Iranian government.

据专门追踪伊朗石油运输的维也纳公司Kpler称，自促成伊朗与沙特阿拉伯达成和平协议以来的近两年时间里，中国从伊朗进口的石油翻了两番，去年它购买了伊朗90%以上的石油出口。伊朗国有石油部门对中国的石油销售占伊朗整体经济的5%以上，它们覆盖了伊朗政府的大部分运营费用。

Iran has experienced a series of setbacks, including an Israeli air raid against Tehran’s air defenses and the defeat by Israel of Iran’s main ally in Lebanon, Hezbollah. China responded by sending one of its four vice premiers, Zhang Guoqing, to meet President Masoud Pezeshkian of Iran in Tehran last month.

伊朗遭遇了一系列挫折，包括以色列空袭德黑兰防空系统，以及以色列击败了伊朗在黎巴嫩的主要盟友真主党。作为回应，中国上个月派出四位副总理之一的张国清前往德黑兰，会见伊朗总统马苏德·佩泽什基安。

“China supports Iran in safeguarding its national sovereignty, security, territorial integrity and its legitimate rights and interests,” Mr. Zhang said in Tehran.

“中方支持伊方维护国家主权安全、领土完整和自身合法权益，”张国清在德黑兰表示。

The U.S. Treasury Department announced on Friday that it had expanded its blacklist of tankers and other ships that have carried Russian oil to 183 vessels. Some of these vessels also carry Iranian oil, the Treasury Department said. China has already begun barring vessels blacklisted by the United States from some of its ports this month.

美国财政部周五宣布，已将载有俄罗斯石油的油轮和其他船只的黑名单扩大至183艘。财政部表示，其中一些船只还载有伊朗石油。中国本月已开始禁止美国列入黑名单的船只进入该国部分港口。

Andon Pavlov, a senior analyst at Kpler, said that the blacklisting of vessels could stop 35 percent of Iran’s oil exports to China if strongly enforced.

Kpler高级分析师安东·帕夫洛夫表示，如果严格执行，将这些船只列入黑名单可能会切断伊朗对中国35%的石油出口。

Mr. Burns’s discussions with senior Chinese officials this week and next are part of a broader recent diplomatic effort by the Biden administration. In November, President Biden met with Xi Jinping, China’s top leader, at a conference in Peru, and in August, Jake Sullivan, the national security adviser, met with Mr. Xi in Beijing.

伯恩斯上周和本周与中国高级官员的会谈是拜登政府近期更广泛的外交努力的一部分。去年11月，拜登总统在秘鲁的一次会议上会见了中国最高领导人习近平；8月，国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文在北京会见了习近平。

While Mr. Burns declined to predict possible Trump administration policies toward China, he said that communication between the two countries’ militaries to prevent accidental confrontations had improved. And last October, for the first time in 13 years, China allowed the recovery of the remains of World War II-era American military personnel missing in action.

虽然伯恩斯拒绝预测特朗普政府可能采取的对华政策，但他表示，两国军队为防止意外冲突而进行的沟通已得到改善。去年10月，中国13年来首次允许归还“二战”期间失踪美军的遗骸。

He also praised China’s recent actions to limit exports of chemicals used to make fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid that has been the main cause of drug overdose deaths in the United States. China has arrested 300 people in the fentanyl industry, closed many online stores selling the precursor chemicals to produce fentanyl, and banned the export of 55 precursor chemicals and synthetic drugs, Mr. Burns said.

他还称赞了中国最近限制用于制造芬太尼的化学品出口所采取的行动。芬太尼是一种强效的合成阿片类药物，是美国药物过量致死的主要原因。伯恩斯表示，中国已逮捕了300名芬太尼行业从业人员，关闭了许多销售用于生产芬太尼的前体化学品的网上店铺，并禁止出口55种前体化学品和合成毒品。