As Donald J. Trump was closing in on the 270 electoral votes that sealed his astounding political victory in the early hours of Wednesday, one of the first groups to salute him was the Heritage Foundation, the conservative think tank behind Project 2025, a policy playbook that Mr. Trump had feigned ignorance about during the campaign.

上周三凌晨，当特朗普即将获得270张选举人票，从而锁定惊人的政治胜利时，最早向他致敬的团体之一包括传统基金会，这是“2025计划”背后的保守智库，特朗普在竞选期间对这一政策手册假装毫不知情。

“The entire conservative movement stands united behind him as he prepares to secure our wide-open border, restore the rule of law, put parents back in charge of their children’s education, restore America to its proper place as a leader in manufacturing, put families and children first, and dismantle the deep state,” Kevin Roberts, the foundation’s president, said in a statement.

“他准备保护我们洞开的边界安全，恢复法治，让父母重新掌控子女的教育，让美国恢复制造业领导者的应有地位，将家庭和儿童放在首位，并瓦解深层政府，此时整个保守派运动都团结在他身后，”该基金会主席凯文·罗伯茨在声明中说。

Democrats had spent months trying to tie Mr. Trump to the 900-page plan to overhaul the federal government, one that they had said offered an unvarnished preview of a second-term agenda bent on giving him unchecked powers to exact retribution while undermining abortion rights and climate change reforms.

民主党人花费数月试图将特朗普与这份长达900页的联邦政府改革计划联系在一起，他们表示，这份计划毫不掩饰地预告了特朗普第二任期的议程，旨在赋予他不受限制的权力来实施报复，同时削弱堕胎权利和气候变化改革。

Despite several of the plan’s authors having served in Mr. Trump’s administration during his first term in the White House, he repeatedly disavowed it on the campaign trail, including when he debated Vice President Kamala Harris. He falsely claimed that he knew nothing about it or the people involved in it.

尽管该计划的多名作者曾在特朗普的第一任期内任职于白宫，但他多次在竞选活动中否认对该计划知情，包括在与副总统贺锦丽的辩论中。他谎称自己对此一无所知，也不认识参与该计划的人。

Across the battleground states, voters were inundated with television ads and billboards that tried to cast Mr. Trump as a driving force for Project 2025.

在各战场州，选民们被铺天盖地的电视广告和广告牌淹没，它们试图将特朗普塑造成“2025计划”的推动者。

Here is what to know about Project 2025, and who is behind it.

以下是关于“2025计划”及其幕后推手的介绍。

What is Project 2025?

什么是“2025计划”？

Project 2025 was spearheaded by the Heritage Foundation and like-minded conservative groups before Mr. Trump officially entered the 2024 race. The Heritage Foundation is a think tank that has shaped the personnel and policies of Republican administrations since the Reagan presidency.

在特朗普正式参加2024年竞选之前，“2025计划”由传统基金会和其他志同道合的保守团体牵头发起。传统基金会是一个智库，自里根总统执政以来一直影响着共和党政府的人事和政策。

The project, which the foundation began putting together in 2022, was intended as a buffet of options for the Trump administration or any other Republican presidency.

该基金会于2022年开始制定该项目，旨在为特朗普政府或其他任何共和党总统提供一系列备选方案。

传统基金会主席凯文·罗伯茨今年1月表示，他认为传统基金会的角色是“将特朗普主义制度化”。

What does Project 2025 propose?

“2025计划”提出了什么建议？

Much of the plan’s nearly 900 pages detail extreme executive-branch overhauls. Among many recommendations, Project 2025 lays out plans for criminalizing pornography, disbanding the Commerce and Education departments, rejecting the idea of abortion as health care and shredding climate protections.

这份计划近900页，其中大部分内容涉及对行政部门的极端改革。在众多建议中，2025计划提出了将色情制品入罪、解散商务部和教育部，反对将堕胎作为医疗保健的一部分，并粉碎气候保护的计划。

It calls out the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which includes the National Weather Service, as “one of the main drivers of the climate change alarm industry.” And it backs deploying the military “to assist in arrest operations” along the U.S.-Mexico border.

它声称，包括国家气象局在内的国家海洋和大气管理局是“气候变化警报行业的主要推动者之一”。它还支持沿美墨边境部署军队“协助逮捕行动”。

Beyond the policy proposals, something else comes up over and over again in the document — Mr. Trump and the Trump administration, which are mentioned hundreds of times.

除了政策建议，文件中反复出现特朗普和特朗普政府，被提及了数以百计次。

A former Trump administration official and climate change denier, appearing in a leaked training video for Project 2025, emphasized that the next Republican president must be focused on reversing the federal government’s current environmental policies.

一位特朗普政府前官员、气候变化否认者出现在一段泄露出来的2025项目培训视频中，他强调，下一任共和党总统必须专注于扭转联邦政府当前的环境政策。

“If the American people elect a conservative president, his administration will have to eradicate climate change references from absolutely everywhere,” said Bethany Kozma, a former deputy chief of staff at the United States Agency for International Development.

“如果美国人民选出一位保守派总统，他的政府要必须从所有地方消除气候变化的说法，”美国国际开发署前副幕僚长贝瑟尼·科兹玛表示。

The video is one of several that were obtained by ProPublica, a nonprofit newsroom, and the journalism project Documented.

这段视频是非营利新闻机构ProPublica和新闻项目Documented获得的若干视频之一。

What are Trump’s ties to Project 2025?

特朗普与“2025计划”有何关联？

Portions of the plan were driven by people who were top advisers to Mr. Trump during his first term and would most likely serve in prominent roles during his second term.

该计划的部分内容是由特朗普第一个任期内的高级顾问推动的，这些人很可能在他的第二任期担任重要职务。

Russell T. Vought, Mr. Trump’s former budget director, led a section of Project 2025 that dealt with executive orders. Mr. Vought was the policy director for the Republican National Convention, and the national party is controlled by Trump allies. The party adopted a new policy platform that reflected priorities laid out on the Trump campaign website. Another person involved in Project 2025 is John McEntee, a former White House personnel chief who began Mr. Trump’s systematic attempt to sweep out officials deemed to be disloyal in 2020.

特朗普的前预算主任拉塞尔·沃特领导了“2025计划”中涉及行政命令的部分。沃特曾是共和党全国代表大会的政策主管，而共和党则由特朗普的盟友掌控。该党采纳了新的政策纲领，反映了特朗普竞选网站上列出的优先事项。“2025计划”的另一个参与者约翰·麦肯蒂为前白宫人事主管，于2020年启动了特朗普的一项行动，系统性地清除被视为不忠诚的官员。

2019年，前总统特朗普和拉塞尔·沃特。沃特领导了“2025计划”中一个与行政命令有关的部分。

In a post on his own social media site, Truth Social, Mr. Trump wrote in July that he had no idea who was behind Project 2025. “Some of the things they’re saying are absolutely ridiculous and abysmal,” he wrote. He did not specify which items he was talking about.

今年7月，特朗普发布在个人社交媒体网站Truth Social上的帖子中写道，他不知道谁是“2025计划”的幕后作者。“他们说的有些东西绝对是荒谬的、糟糕的，”他写道。他没有具体说明他指的是哪些东西。

After weeks of criticism, Project 2025’s director, Paul Dans, stepped down that same month. The Trump campaign said the project’s demise “would be greatly welcomed.”

经历数周的批评后，“2025计划”负责人保罗·丹斯于同月辞职。特朗普竞选团队表示，该计划的结束“将大受欢迎”。

Mr. Dans, who has met with Trump campaign officials and visited Mar-a-Lago, stood by his project’s policies and asserted independence from the former president’s efforts.

丹斯曾与特朗普竞选团队官员会面并造访过马阿拉歌庄园，他坚持该计划的政策，并声称它与前总统的工作无关。

What are Trump’s plans for a second term?

特朗普第二任期的计划是什么？

Mr. Trump has made no secret about his plans to gut civil-service protections, conduct the largest mass deportation effort in U.S. history, impose sweeping tariffs and target his enemies using presidential powers. His allies have developed a legal rationale to erase the Justice Department’s independence from the president, and several of his closest advisers had vetted lawyers seen as more likely to embrace aggressive legal theories about the scope of his power.

对于废除公务员保护制度，实施美国历史上最大规模的驱逐出境行动，征收全面关税，以及利用总统权力打击敌人等计划，特朗普丝毫没有作出掩饰。他的盟友已经制定了一套法律依据，以消除司法部相对总统的独立性，而他的几位最亲密的顾问已经考察了一些律师，这些律师被认为更有可能接受关于总统权力范围的激进法律理论。

Some of this, though not all of it, can be found in the Trump campaign’s own policy platform called Agenda47.

其中一些内容（尽管并非全部）可以在特朗普竞选团队自己的政策纲领“议程47”中找到。

How do the Trump campaign plans and Project 2025 differ and overlap?

特朗普竞选团队的计划与“2025计划”有何异同？

There are a few ways the two plans differ.

两者在以下几个方面有所不同。

One is on abortion. Project 2025 takes an aggressive approach to curtailing abortion rights, stating that the federal Health and Human Services Department “should return to being known as the Department of Life” (it was never known by that name) and that the next conservative president “has a moral responsibility to lead the nation in restoring a culture of life in America again.” Agenda47, however, does not mention abortion once.

一个是关于堕胎。“2025计划”采取激进措施限制堕胎权，声称联邦卫生与公共服务部“应该恢复其原名生命部”（这个名字从未被使用过），下一任保守派总统“有道德责任领导国家重新恢复美国的生命文化”。然而，议程47只字未提堕胎。

Mr. Trump, who has vacillated over the years on the issue of abortion, often takes credit for the overturning of Roe v. Wade as a result of his appointment of three anti-abortion justices to the Supreme Court during his presidency. When he debated Ms. Harris in September, he said that abortion rights should be decided on a state-by-state basis.

特朗普多年来在堕胎问题上摇摆不定，但他经常将推翻罗伊诉韦德案归功于他在总统任期内任命了三名反堕胎法官进入最高法院。9月，他在与贺锦丽辩论时表示，堕胎权应由各州自行决定。

Despite the differences between Project 2025 and Mr. Trump’s stated vision for his second term, there are numerous similarities.

尽管“2025计划”与特朗普在第二任期中提出的愿景存在差异，但二者仍有许多相似之处。

One overlap: eroding the independence of the Justice Department. Mr. Trump has frequently criticized the legitimacy of the department’s investigation into attempts to overturn the 2020 election, and he has said he would “completely overhaul” it. Project 2025 argues that the department suffers from bureaucratic bloat and must be reined in because it is teeming with employees committed to a “radical liberal agenda.”

其中一个共同点是削弱司法部的独立性。特朗普经常批评司法部对试图推翻2020年大选的调查缺乏合法性，并表示将对该部进行“彻底改革”。“2025计划”认为，司法部存在官僚主义膨胀的问题，必须加以控制，因为该部充斥着致力于“激进自由主义议程”的员工。

On immigration, Mr. Trump has made no secret of his plans to hold the largest mass deportation effort in history. Project 2025, likewise, suggested the removal of any and all “immigration violators.”

在移民问题上，特朗普毫不掩饰自己计划进行历史上最大规模的驱逐出境行动。同样，“2025计划”建议驱逐所有“违反移民法的人”。

Project 2025 sought to bring an end to the federal Education Department. At a rally on Sept. 7, Mr. Trump pledged to ultimately dismantle the department and give states the final say on public education.

“2025计划”试图废除联邦教育部。在9月7日的集会上，特朗普承诺最终解散教育部，让各州对公共教育拥有最终决定权。

The campaign and Project 2025 also share equal demands to end diversity, equity and inclusion programs and the “toxic normalization of transgenderism,” as Project 2025 calls it. In many rallies, Mr. Trump asserted that he would “keep men out of women’s sports.”

总统的竞选活动和“2025计划”同样要求终止多样性、公平性和包容性项目，以及“2025计划”所称的“跨性别的有害正常化”。在许多集会上，特朗普声称他将“禁止男子参加女子运动”。

On international policy, Mr. Trump and Project 2025 both emphasize a protectionist outlook, often called “America First” policies by the Trump campaign. Sections in Project 2025 and in Agenda47 both suggest higher tariffs on competitors and increasing competition with China.

在国际政策方面，特朗普和“2025计划”都强调保护主义，特朗普的竞选活动通常将其称为“美国优先”政策。“2025计划”和议程47中的部分内容都建议对竞争对手征收更高的关税，并加强与中国的竞争。

8月在芝加哥举行的民主党全国代表大会上，一个写着“停止2025计划”的标语。

What did Democrats say about Project 2025?

民主党人对“2025计划”有何看法？

Less than 10 minutes into their presidential debate, Ms. Harris sought to frame the discussion by tying the project to Mr. Trump’s plans for a second term.

在总统辩论开始不到10分钟，贺锦丽就把该计划与特朗普的第二任期计划联系起来，以此构建讨论框架。

“What you’re going to hear tonight is a detailed and dangerous plan called Project 2025 that the former president intends on implementing,” Ms. Harris said.

“你们今晚将听到的是前总统打算实施的一个详细而危险的计划，名为‘2025计划’，”贺锦丽说。

Mr. Trump immediately rejected her statement. But the Harris campaign and its supporters had yoked Project 2025 around their opponent’s neck, repeatedly warning that it is his shadow platform and that it is evidence of an extreme second-term agenda. Over many months, they had called it an authoritarian blueprint in an onslaught of advertisements, social media posts and TV appearances.

特朗普立即驳斥了她的说法。但贺锦丽竞选团队及其支持者将“2025计划”与特朗普紧密联系在一起，并反复警告，表示这是他的影子纲领，是他第二任期极端议程的证据。在几个月的时间里，他们在许多广告、社交媒体帖子和电视节目中称“2025计划”是威权主义的蓝图。