President Biden on Wednesday warned that an “oligarchy” of the ultrawealthy was emerging in America, sounding the alarm about unchecked power as he gave a farewell speech to the nation just days before he surrenders office to a man he disdains.

周三，拜登总统警告，美国正在出现由超级富豪组成的“寡头政治”。在向全国发表告别演讲时，他对不受制约的权力敲响了警钟。几天后，他将把总统职位移交给一个他所鄙视的人。

In an address from the Oval Office, Mr. Biden expressed concern about the “dangerous concentration of power” and issued a plea for the preservation of democratic ideals and institutions under the administration of President-elect Donald J. Trump.

在椭圆形办公室发表的讲话中，拜登表达了对“权力危险集中”的担忧，并呼吁在候任总统特朗普执政期间维护民主理念和制度。

“Today, an oligarchy is taking shape in America of extreme wealth, power and influence that literally threatens our entire democracy, our basic rights and freedoms and a fair shot for everyone to get ahead,” Mr. Biden said.

“今天，一个拥有极大财富、权力和影响力的寡头政治正在美国形成，这实际上威胁着我们的整个民主、我们的基本权利和自由，以及每个人向前发展的公平机会，”拜登说。

While Mr. Biden did not explicitly name Mr. Trump, his remarks went straight at the tension at the heart of the incoming administration, in which billionaires like Elon Musk are positioned to wield enormous influence over the next four years. Are they are really populists intent on shaking up the government to benefit working people who have been left behind by the establishment? Or are they just billionaire disrupters out to enrich themselves?

虽然拜登没有明确点名特朗普，但他的言论直指即将上任的政府的核心紧张关系，在这个政府中，像埃隆·马斯克这样的亿万富翁将在未来四年发挥巨大影响力。他们真的是意图改组政府、为被建制派抛弃的工人阶级带来变革的民粹主义者吗？抑或只是为了自身利益而扰乱现状的亿万富翁？

Mr. Biden’s warning of an unelected oligarchy taking shape echoed a similar one by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who spoke about the military-industrial complex in his farewell address. The Biden version referred to the “tech-industrial complex,” in which he warned of the erosion of truth itself, brought forth by unchecked social media platforms — a reference to Meta doing away with fact-checkers this week — and artificial intelligence.

拜登对一个未经选举产生的寡头政治正在形成的警告与德怀特·艾森豪威尔总统的类似警告如出一辙，后者在告别演说中谈到了军工联合体。拜登的版本则提到“科技工业综合体”，他警告，不受约束的社交媒体平台（这里指的是Meta本周取消了事实核查员）和人工智能都带来了对真相本身的侵蚀。

Mr. Biden, who has spent months promoting his record and accomplishments, did little of that on Wednesday. Instead, he spent more time urging Americans to stay engaged in the democratic process and to continue to fight for progress in areas like addressing climate change.

拜登花了几个月的时间宣传自己的政绩和成就，但在周三，他对此说得不多。相反，他花了更多时间敦促美国人继续参与民主进程，并继续争取在应对气候变化等领域取得进展。

“The powerful forces want to wield their unchecked influence to eliminate the steps we’ve taken to tackle the climate crisis, to serve their own interest for power and profit,” he said. “We must not be bullied into sacrificing the future, the future of our children and our grandchildren. We must keep pushing forward and push faster.”

“强大的势力希望利用他们不受制约的影响力来消除我们为应对气候危机所采取的措施，为他们自己的利益服务，以获取权力和利益，”他说。“我们绝不能被胁迫着牺牲未来，牺牲子孙后代的未来。我们必须继续向前推进，加快速度。”

The speech in many ways wrapped up not just four years in the White House but more than a half-century of public service for Mr. Biden, who came of age in an era of politics that he no longer sees around him. It also served as a plea for the country to remember its roots as he leaves the office he has coveted since he was a young man.

从很多方面来说，这次演讲不仅是对拜登在白宫四年任期的总结，也是对他半个多世纪公共服务生涯的总结。他成长于一个与今天截然不同的政治时代。在离开这个他年轻时就梦寐以求的职位之际，他也是借由此番演讲呼吁这个国家记住自己的根基所在。

“After 50 years at the center of all of this, I know that believing in the idea of America means respecting the institutions that govern a free society,” he said.

“在这个各种事物的中心工作了50年后，我知道，相信美国的理念意味着要尊重管理自由社会的制度，”他说。

“We know the idea of America, our institution, our people, our values that uphold it, are constantly being tested,” he said. “Ongoing debates about power and the exercise of power. About whether we lead by the example of our power or the power of our example. Whether we show the courage to stand up to the abuse of power, or we yield to it.

“我们知道，美国的理念、我们的制度、我们的人民、我们支撑它的价值观都在不断受到考验，”他说。“关于权力和行使权力；关于我们究竟是通过展示力量来领导，还是通过表率的力量来领导；面对权力滥用，我们是勇敢地站出来，还是屈服于它，这些争论一直在持续。”

Mr. Biden also called for ways to strengthen checks and balances, such as term limits and ethics reform for the Supreme Court and banning members of Congress from trading stocks.

拜登还呼吁采取各种方法强化制衡机制，例如对最高法院做出任期限制和伦理改革，以及禁止国会议员买卖股票。

And he issued a call for changes that would safeguard against a recent Supreme Court decision that gave presidents broad immunity, which Mr. Trump has sought to use to blunt multiple criminal charges and could protect him as he vows retribution and other autocratic acts while in office.

他还呼吁进行变革，以防止最近最高法院的一项赋予总统广泛豁免权的裁决，而特朗普试图利用该裁决来削弱针对他的多项刑事指控；他还发誓上台后进行报复、做出其他独裁行为，届时该裁决也可以保护他。

“We need to amend the Constitution to make clear that no president, no president is immune from crimes that he or she commits while in office,” Mr. Biden said.

“我们需要修改宪法，明确规定任何总统、任何总统在任职期间犯下的罪行都不能免责，”拜登说。

In his final days and weeks in office, Mr. Biden has been trying to cement a legacy as a transformative president who stabilized domestic politics while bolstering America’s leadership abroad. Hours before Wednesday night’s address, Mr. Biden bolstered his foreign policy record by announcing that Israel and Hamas had accepted a deal he proposed last spring for a cease-fire in Gaza.

在任期的最后几天和几周里，拜登试图巩固自己作为一位改革型总统的政治遗产，他在稳定国内政治的同时，巩固了美国在国际上的领导地位。在周三晚发表讲话前数小时，拜登宣布以色列和哈马斯接受了他去年春天提出的加沙停火协议，这进一步巩固了他在外交政策方面的成就。

But he is deeply unpopular. Even the location of the speech, behind the Resolute Desk in the Oval Office, is a reminder that Mr. Biden is not departing as he may have wanted. His last prime-time address delivered there was his explanation in July of why he had dropped out of the presidential race under pressure from his own party as questions mounted about his age and fitness for another term.

但他非常不受欢迎。就连演讲的地点——椭圆形办公室的坚毅桌后面——也在提醒人们，拜登的离开可能并非如他所希望的那样。他上一次在黄金时段发表讲话是在去年7月，当时他解释了自己为何迫于党内压力退出总统竞选，因为外界对他的年龄和是否适合连任提出了越来越多的质疑。

As recently as last week, he has been defiant about the presidential race, saying that he believed that he could have beaten Mr. Trump and that his decision to drop out was motivated by his desire to unify the Democratic Party.

就在上周，他还对这次总统竞选表现出不屈服的态度，说他相信自己本可以击败特朗普，退出的决定是出于团结民主党的愿望。

Mr. Biden has told donors that he intends to stay involved in the party. Last week, when asked what role he planned to take on post-presidency, he responded: “I’m not going to be out of sight or out of mind.”

拜登告诉捐款人，他打算继续参与民主党事务。上周，当被问及卸任后打算担任什么角色时，他回答说：“我不会淡出人们的视线，也不会被人们遗忘。”

Mr. Biden spoke for about 17 minutes, keeping with a tradition of farewell speeches that goes back to George Washington. In 2021, Mr. Trump, politically isolated and facing an impeachment trial after the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol by a mob of his supporters, told those who had gathered to watch him take off from the tarmac at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland: “Goodbye. We love you. We will be back in some form.”

拜登延续了自乔治·华盛顿以降发表告别演说的传统，他的演讲持续了大约17分钟。2021年，在1月6日国会大厦遭到暴徒袭击后，政治上孤立并面临弹劾审判的特朗普对那些聚集在马里兰州安德鲁斯联合基地停机坪上给他送行的人说：“再见。我们爱你们。我们会以某种形式回来的。”

As he signed off on Wednesday night, Mr. Biden called out his family, including his son Hunter Biden, who was in the Oval Office along with his wife and their young son, as well as Finnegan Biden, one of the president’s granddaughters. “You are the loves of my life and the life of my love,” he said.

周三晚，拜登在结束讲话后提及他的家人，包括儿子亨特·拜登，他和妻子、小儿子以及总统的孙女芬尼根·拜登一起来到椭圆形办公室。“你们是我一生的挚爱，是我挚爱的生命，”他说。

Vice President Kamala Harris and the second gentleman were also there as Mr. Biden closed out his speech. He called Ms. Harris an “incredible partner,” and said that she and her husband had become “like family.”

副总统贺锦丽和她的丈夫也在场，拜登在结束演讲时称赞她是“令人难以置信的工作伙伴”，并表示他们已成为“自己的家人”。

“Now it’s your turn to stand guard,” Mr. Biden said. “May you all be the keeper of the flame. May you keep the faith. I love America. You love it too. God bless you all. May God protect our troops. Thank you for this great honor.”

“现在轮到你们站岗了，”拜登说道。“愿你们都成为圣火的守护者。愿你们坚守信念。我爱美国。你们也爱它。愿上帝保佑你们所有人。愿上帝保佑我们的军队。感谢你们给予我这一莫大的荣誉。”