President Trump on Monday temporarily suspended the delivery of all U.S. military aid to Ukraine, senior administration and military officials said, just days after Mr. Trump and President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine had an explosive confrontation at the White House.

政府和军方的高级官员表示，特朗普总统周一暂停了美国对乌克兰的所有军事援助，几天前，特朗普与乌克兰总统泽连斯基在白宫发生了激烈冲突。

The order affects more than $1 billion in arms and ammunition in the pipeline and on order. It resulted from a series of meetings at the White House on Monday between Mr. Trump and his senior national security aides, the officials said, speaking on the condition of anonymity to discuss internal deliberations.

该命令影响到运作中的和已下单的价值超过10亿美元的武器弹药。这些官员表示，这是特朗普和他的高级国家安全助手周一在白宫举行一系列会议后做出的决定。由于提及内部讨论，这些官员要求匿名。

The officials said the directive would be in effect until Mr. Trump determined that Ukraine had demonstrated a good-faith commitment to peace negotiations with Russia.

官员们表示，在特朗普确定乌克兰表现出与俄罗斯进行和平谈判的诚意之前，该指令将一直有效。

Mr. Trump’s decision dramatically escalates the breach between Washington and Kyiv, at a critical moment in the conflict. The most immediate beneficiary of the move is President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia. If the suspension is lengthy, he can use the time to press for further territorial gains. And he may well decide to hold back from any negotiations at all, figuring that any prolonged dispute between Mr. Trump and Mr. Zelensky will only strengthen his position, either on the battlefield or when cease-fire talks ever take place.

在冲突的关键时刻，特朗普的决定大大加剧了华盛顿和基辅之间的裂痕。此举最直接的受益者是俄罗斯总统普京。如果暂停期较长的话，他可以利用这段时间进一步争取领土。他很可能决定不参加任何谈判，因为他认为，特朗普和泽连斯基之间的任何长期争端只会加强他的地位，无论是在战场上还是在停火谈判最终举行之际。

Mr. Trump’s move has few direct precedents in recent American history. While the United States has paused the transfer of specific weapons systems to allies and partners, such as President Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s decision to suspend deliveries of 2,000-pound bombs to Israel that he feared could be used against civilians in Gaza, a full cutoff is essentially an ultimatum. It forces Mr. Zelensky to agree to a cease-fire on terms Mr. Trump dictates, or condemns the country to larger battlefield losses.

特朗普此举在美国近代史上几乎没有直接先例。虽然美国曾经有过暂停向盟友和合作伙伴转让特定武器系统的做法，比如拜登总统曾决定暂停向以色列运送约900公斤重的炸弹，他担心这些炸弹可能被用来对付加沙平民，但全面切断武器供应本质上是一种最后通牒。它迫使泽连斯基同意按照特朗普规定的条件停火，否则乌克兰将被迫遭受更大的战场损失。

The suspension also puts the United States in direct opposition to its major NATO allies. Most of the largest European nations, led by France, Britain and Germany, have pledged to step up aid to Ukraine in recent days, siding with Mr. Zelensky in his dispute with the Trump administration. But they simply do not have the stockpiles to make up the difference in the short term.

暂停也使美国与其主要的北约盟友直接对立。最近几天，以法国、英国和德国为首的大多数欧洲大国都承诺加大对乌克兰的援助，在泽连斯基与特朗普政府的争端中站在泽连斯基一边。但他们根本没有足够的储备来弥补短期内的差距。

Mr. Trump’s directive, which was reported earlier by Bloomberg News, also halts deliveries of equipment from Pentagon stockpiles as aid through the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative, which provides funds that Kyiv can use only to buy new military hardware directly from U.S. defense companies. It was unclear what exactly Mr. Zelensky would need to do for Mr. Trump to resume the military assistance.

彭博新闻社早些时候报道了特朗普的指令，该命令还禁止通过“乌克兰安全援助倡议” 提供五角大楼库存装备作为援助，该倡议提供的资金只能用于基辅直接从美国的国防企业购买新的军事装备。目前尚不清楚泽连斯基需要做些什么才能让特朗普恢复军事援助。

Mr. Trump has increasingly aligned himself with Mr. Putin and his narrative about the war in Ukraine. He falsely claimed that it was Ukraine that started the war and has called Mr. Zelensky, who was democratically elected, a “dictator.”

特朗普越来越倾向于跟普京乃至他对乌克兰战争的说法保持一致。他错误地声称是乌克兰发动了这场战争，并称通过民选产生的泽连斯基是“独裁者”。

He has called Mr. Putin “smart” and “cunning,” but declined to call him a dictator. And Mr. Trump has spoken in recent days about how he and Mr. Putin have been bonded by going through the shared ordeal of the investigation into Moscow’s attempts to tilt the election eight years ago to Mr. Trump. American intelligence officials concluded at that time that Mr. Putin’s intelligence agencies worked actively to swing the 2016 election in Mr. Trump’s favor, a conclusion that Mr. Trump has rejected and called part of the “Russia hoax.”

他称普京“聪明”、“狡猾”，但拒绝称普京为独裁者。最近几天，特朗普谈到他和普京因共同经历了八年前莫斯科试图影响特朗普当选的调查，这番磨难将两人联系在一起。美国情报官员当时得出的结论是，普京的情报机构做出积极努力，让2016年的大选朝着有利于特朗普的方向发展，特朗普否认了这一结论，并称这是“俄罗斯骗局”的一部分。

The tensions between Mr. Trump and Mr. Zelensky exploded into the open on Friday, when the two men were supposed to sign a deal at the White House for Ukraine to turn over rare mineral rights to repay U.S. military aid over the past three years. Instead, Mr. Trump and Vice President JD Vance berated Mr. Zelensky in front of the cameras for not being grateful enough for U.S. support.

特朗普和泽连斯基之间的紧张关系于上周五爆发，当时两人本应在白宫签署一项协议，乌克兰交出稀有矿产权，以偿还美国过去三年的军事援助。然而，特朗普和副总统JD·万斯在镜头前斥责泽连斯基对美国的支持不够感激。

The fate of the minerals deal remained unclear.

矿产交易的命运仍不明朗。

Mr. Trump said on Monday that he did not think the minerals deal was dead, calling it a “great deal for us,” but that there was one thing he needed to see from Mr. Zelensky to restart negotiations.

周一，特朗普表示，他不认为矿产交易已经破裂，他说这是“对我们来说很棒的交易”，但他需要从泽连斯基那里看到一件事，才能重启谈判。

“I just think he should be more appreciative,” Mr. Trump told reporters.

“我只是觉得他应该更加感激，”特朗普对记者说。

Earlier in the day, Mr. Trump seized on comments Mr. Zelensky made over the weekend when he predicted that a peace deal with Russia was “still very, very far away.”

当天早些时候，特朗普抓住泽连斯基在周末发表的评论不放，当时泽连斯基预测，与俄罗斯达成和平协议“仍然非常非常遥远”。

“This is the worst statement that could have been made by Zelenskyy, and America will not put up with it for much longer!” Mr. Trump wrote on social media.

 “这是泽连斯基所能做出的最糟糕的表态了，美国不会再这么忍下去了！”特朗普在社交媒体上写道。

On Monday, several members of Mr. Trump’s cabinet continued to join with allies in suggesting that Mr. Zelensky was responsible for the diplomatic breakdown, and should show remorse for the Oval Office episode.

周一，特朗普内阁的几名成员继续与盟友一同表示，泽连斯基应对此次外交僵局负责，并且应该为在椭圆形办公室发生的那一幕表示懊悔。

商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克是声称泽连斯基应当对上周在椭圆形办公室升级的紧张局势表示懊悔的几位内阁官员之一。

Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said in an interview on CNN on Monday that it was “way too far” for Mr. Zelensky to demand, as part of any deal, “reparations” and the return of seized land from Russia and security guarantees.

美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克周一在接受CNN采访时表示，泽连斯基要求无论什么协议都必须包括俄罗斯做出“赔偿”、归还被占领土以及提供安全保障，这“太过分了”。

“You’ve got to say, ‘We love America, we appreciate America, we want you by our side, and if you think we should have peace, we should have peace,’” Mr. Lutnick said.

“你必须得说，‘我们爱美国，我们感激美国，我们希望你们站在我们这边，如果你们认为我们应该实现和平，那我们就应该实现和平’，”卢特尼克说。

“That’s not a peacemaker,” Mr. Lutnick said of Mr. Zelensky, “that’s a troublemaker.”

卢特尼克评价泽连斯基“不是一个和平缔造者，而是一个麻烦制造者”。

Mr. Lutnick suggested that Mr. Trump was still committed to brokering a deal between Ukraine and Russia, and “beat both sides down to get them to the table.”

卢特尼克表示，特朗普仍然致力于促成乌克兰和俄罗斯之间的协议，并且“向双方施压，让他们坐到谈判桌前”。

In the aftermath of the Oval Office meeting, the Trump administration immediately began having discussions about cutting off or reducing military assistance, training and possibly military intelligence support for Ukraine, a senior official said on Friday. It was unclear late Monday whether Mr. Trump also directed officials to curtail intelligence sharing, although one senior official said it was still flowing — for now.

一位高级官员周五表示，在椭圆形办公室的会面后，特朗普政府立即开始讨论切断或减少对乌克兰的军事援助、训练，以及可能减少对乌军事情报支持的问题。截至周一晚些时候，尚不清楚特朗普是否有指示官员限制情报共享，不过有一位高级官员表示，目前情报流动并未停止。

Mr. Trump convened a meeting of members of his national security team on Monday to discuss the administration’s options.

周一，特朗普召集他的国家安全团队开会，讨论政府的应对选项。

The decision comes at a critical moment in Ukraine’s war against Russian aggression, and as Mr. Trump has made clear in recent weeks that the days of isolating Moscow are over.

这一决定正值乌克兰抗击俄罗斯侵略的关键时刻，而且特朗普在最近几周已经明确表示，孤立莫斯科的时代已经结束。

Through its own weapons production and arms deliveries from Europe, Ukraine could withstand a U.S. shutdown from some weeks, even a few months, U.S. officials and analysts said on Monday.

美国官员和分析人士周一表示，通过自身的武器生产以及欧洲的武器供应，乌克兰能够在未来几周或几个月里承受美国停止援助的打击。

“The reality is that Ukraine is far less dependent on the United States for its day-to-day combat needs than it was a year ago,” said Michael Kofman, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, who has visited Ukraine several times since the war started three years ago.

卡内基国际和平基金会高级研究员迈克尔·科夫曼说：“现实情况是，乌克兰在日常作战需求方面对美国的依赖程度，远低于一年前。”他自三年前战争爆发以来多次访问乌克兰。

But if the halt in deliveries went longer, Ukraine would lose its supply of some advanced weapons, including advanced air-defense systems, surface-to-surface ballistic missiles and long-range rocket artillery. The United States also provides Ukraine with parts, maintenance and technical support.

但如果停止武器交付的时间持续更长，乌克兰将失去一些先进武器的供应，包括先进的防空系统、地对地弹道导弹以及远程火箭炮。美国还为乌克兰提供零部件、维护服务和技术支持。

Mr. Zelensky has said that cutting off military assistance would be a devastating blow but would not end the fighting.

泽连斯基曾表示，切断军事援助将是一个毁灭性的打击，但不会结束战斗。

乌克兰军方从美国获得有关俄罗斯军队在该国的情报。

“The contribution from the United States to Ukraine’s defensive capability and security is now around 30 percent,” he said during an interview last month. “You can imagine what would happen to us without this crucial 30 percent.”

他在上个月的一次采访中说：“美国对乌克兰防御能力和安全的贡献目前约占30%。你可以想象一下，如果没有这至关重要的30%，我们会面临什么。”

U.S. military aid stopped flowing to Ukraine last year for several months after Mr. Trump pressed his Republican allies in Congress to withhold assistance.

去年，在特朗普向国会中的共和党盟友施压、要求扣留对乌援助后，美国对乌克兰的军事援助曾中断了几个月。

The effects were first felt in the nightly aerial bombardments that Russia directed at energy infrastructure across the country. With the launching tubes of American air defense systems empty, air defense teams could do little to defend against Russia’s most sophisticated missiles as they laid waste to the nation’s thermal power plants.

首先感受到影响的是俄罗斯针对乌克兰各地能源基础设施的夜间空袭。由于美国防空系统的发射管内没有弹药，防空部队在面对俄罗斯最先进的导弹时几乎无能为力，这些导弹将乌克兰的火力发电厂夷为平地。

As aid was delayed month after month, metro stations in the capital were crowded with families seeking shelter as the blanket of protection provided by American Patriot batteries began to fray.

随着援助一个月又一个月地推迟，美国“爱国者”防空导弹系统提供的全面保护开始减弱，乌克兰首都的地铁站里挤满了寻求庇护的家庭。

The impact on the front took more time to be felt. But as supplies dwindled and American-made Howitzers fell silent, Ukrainian commanders fighting in the area said they were forced to ration ammunition.

对前线的影响则需要更长时间才显现出来。但随着物资供应减少，美国制造的榴弹炮也不再轰鸣，在该地区作战的乌克兰指挥官表示，他们被迫实行弹药配给。