President Trump unveiled his most expansive tariffs to date in a ceremony at the White House on Wednesday afternoon, saying he would impose a 10 percent tariff on all trading partners as well as double-digit “reciprocal” tariffs on dozens of other countries that administration officials said had treated the United States unfairly.

美国总统特朗普周三下午在白宫举行仪式，宣布了迄今为止最广泛的关税措施。他表示，美国将对所有贸易伙伴征收10%的关税，并对数十个被美国政府认定为对美贸易不公的国家加征两位数的“对等”关税。

The move was a significant escalation of Mr. Trump’s trade fight and is likely to ripple through the global economy, driving up prices for American consumers and manufacturers while inciting retaliation from other nations. While Mr. Trump had been saying for weeks that he would impose “reciprocal tariffs,” his announcement went far beyond what many economists and analysts had expected.

 此举标志着特朗普贸易战的重大升级，可能会波及全球经济，推高美国消费者和制造商面临的价格，还可能招致其他国家的报复性措施。尽管特朗普数周来一直宣称要实施“对等关税“，但最终宣布的举措远超许多经济学家和分析人士的预期。

The tariffs will apply to more than 100 trading partners, including the European Union, China, Britain and India. Under Mr. Trump’s plan, the United States will impose a staggering new 34 percent tariff on Chinese goods, on top of the 20 percent levy he already imposed on Beijing.

这些关税将适用于超过100个贸易伙伴，包括欧盟、中国、英国和印度。根据特朗普的计划，美国将对中国商品额外征收34%的关税，这是在此前已对中国征收的20%关税基础上进一步增加的。

Some of Mr. Trump’s steepest rates apply to U.S. allies, including a 20 percent tariff on imports from the European Union and a 24 percent tariff on goods from Japan. India will face a 26 percent tariff on its exports to the United States.

一些最严厉的关税将适用于美国的盟友，例如对欧盟进口商品征收20%的关税，对日本商品征收24%的关税。印度对美国的出口商品将面临26%的关税。

In a slight reprieve, the new tariffs will not apply to products that Mr. Trump has already hit with separate levies, including steel and aluminum and vehicles and their parts. Energy and “other certain minerals that are not available in the United States” will also be excluded.

稍微让人松口气的是，新关税不会适用于特朗普此前已单独征税的产品，如钢铁、铝、汽车及其零部件。此外，能源产品及“美国国内没有的某些矿产”也将被豁免。

Stock futures pointed to a sharp drop when trading resumed in Asia and the U.S., suggesting that investors were caught off guard by the scale of the tariffs. Analysts were still trying to work out how the tariff levels had been derived, and some said they were confused about the numbers. Futures on the S&P 500 have tumbled more than 3 percent since Mr. Trump’s announcement.

受此影响，股市期货显示，在亚洲和美国市场重新开盘后，股市可能大幅下跌，表明投资者对关税的规模感到意外。分析师仍在研究关税税率的计算方式，一些人表示对这些数字感到困惑。自特朗普宣布关税措施以来，标准普尔500指数期货已下跌超过3%。

Echoing Mr. Trump, White House officials defended the tariffs by arguing that pernicious trading practices by other countries had led to large and persistent trade deficits for the United States, and that other products, like lumber, copper, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and critical minerals could face additional tariffs.

白宫官员与特朗普的态度一致，他们为关税政策辩护，称其他国家恶劣的贸易行为导致美国长期存在巨额贸易逆差，并表示木材、铜、半导体、制品以及关键矿产可能面临额外关税。

In a briefing with reporters, senior administration officials said they had little appetite for haggling over lower tariff rates, even with U.S. allies that have offered to reduce their own levies on American exports in recent days. They also issued an early warning to countries that have threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs against the United States.

在与记者的简报会上，政府高级官员表示，他们几乎没有兴趣就降低关税税率进行讨价还价，即使是对那些最近主动提出降低对美关税的美国盟友也是如此。他们还向那些威胁要对美国采取报复性关税措施的国家发出了警告。

Mr. Trump at one point described his approach as “kind,” explaining that the government would only be charging other countries half of the rate that they had calculated should be applied based on those countries’ trade practices. He framed his policies as a response to a national emergency, saying that tariffs were needed to boost domestic production.

特朗普一度将自己的关税策略描述为“仁慈的”，他解释说，美国政府对其他国家征收的税率仅为按这些国家贸易行为计算后得出的应征税率的一半。他将此政策描述为对国家紧急状况的回应，称关税措施有助于提升国内生产力。

“We’re going to start being smart, and we’re going to start being very wealthy again,” Mr. Trump said.

“我们要开始变得聪明，并且要再次变得非常富有，”特朗普表示。

Here’s what else to know:

以下是其他需要了解的信息：

• Markets react: Wall Street shuddered as Mr. Trump announced the tariffs, with early market reaction pointing to a further slide in the stock market and a weakening dollar. Futures on the S&P 500, which allow investors to trade outside normal trading hours, fell more than 3 percent, erasing the day’s gain of 0.7 percent.

• 市场反应：特朗普宣布关税政策后，华尔街股市震荡，市场的初步反应表明股市可能进一步下跌，美元走弱。标普500指数期货在盘后交易中下跌超过3%，抹去了当天0.7%的涨幅。

• European response: European officials are poised to respond to Mr. Trump’s tariffs with countermeasures. Although the bloc so far has concentrated on imposing higher tariffs on a wide variety of goods — whiskey, motorcycles and women’s clothing are among the products that could be affected — officials are also open to placing trade barriers on services, using a new trade weapon that would target Big Tech and Wall Street.

• 欧洲的回应：欧洲官员准备对特朗普的关税采取反制措施。尽管欧盟目前的主要反制手段是提高对多种商品的关税——受到影响的产品包括威士忌、摩托车和女装等，但欧盟官员也表示不排除对服务业设立贸易壁垒，利用新的贸易武器来针对美国科技巨头和华尔街。

• Auto tariffs: New tariffs on automobiles made outside the United States will go into effect after midnight, adding to previous tariffs on steel, aluminum and other imports worth billions of dollars that Mr. Trump has imposed since returning to office in January.

• 汽车关税：对美国以外制造的汽车的新关税将在午夜生效。这些关税将叠加到特朗普自今年1月重新上任以来对钢铁、铝及其他价值数十亿美元的进口商品已经征收的关税之上。