Harvard, the world’s wealthiest university, sued the Trump administration on Monday, fighting back against its threats to slash billions of dollars from the school’s research funding as part of a crusade against the nation’s top colleges.

周一，世界上最富有的大学哈佛大学起诉了特朗普政府，对其威胁削减该校数十亿美元研究经费的行为予以回击，经费削减计划是政府对美国顶尖高校发起的讨伐运动的一部分。

The lawsuit signaled a major escalation of the ongoing fight between higher education and President Trump, who has vowed to “reclaim” elite universities. The administration has cast its campaign as a fight against antisemitism, but has also targeted programs and teaching related to racial diversity and gender issues.

这起诉讼标志着高等教育界与特朗普总统之间持续斗争的重大升级，特朗普曾发誓要“夺回”精英大学的控制权。政府将其行动标榜为打击反犹主义的斗争，但同时也针对与种族多样性和性别问题相关的项目及教学内容。

Earlier this month, it sent Harvard a list of demands that included auditing professors for plagiarism, reporting to the federal government any international students accused of misconduct, and appointing an outside overseer to make sure that academic departments were “viewpoint diverse.”

本月早些时候，政府向哈佛大学发送了一份要求清单，其中包括对该校教授是否存在抄袭行为进行检查，向联邦政府报告任何被指行为不端的国际学生，以及任命一名外部监督人员以确保学术部门“观点多元”。

Alan M. Garber, Harvard’s president, accused the government in a statement on Monday of trying to wield “unprecedented and improper control.” Dr. Garber said the consequences of the government’s actions would be “severe and long lasting.”

哈佛大学校长艾伦·加伯在周一的声明中指责政府试图实施“前所未有的不正当控制”。加伯表示，政府此举的后果将“严重且持久”。

The Trump administration has claimed that Harvard and other schools have allowed antisemitic language and harassment to remain unchecked on their campuses. Monday’s lawsuit noted that the government had cited the university’s response to antisemitism as justification for its “unlawful action.”

特朗普政府声称，哈佛及其他学校对校园内的反犹言论和骚扰行为放任不管。周一的诉讼指出，政府是在以哈佛大学的反犹主义应对措施作为其“非法行动”的借口。

Dr. Garber, in his statement, said that “as a Jew and as an American, I know very well that there are valid concerns about rising antisemitism.” But he said that the government was legally required to engage with the university about the ways it was fighting antisemitism. Instead, he said, the government has sought to control “whom we hire and what we teach.”

加伯在声明中说：“作为一名犹太人和美国人，我非常清楚人们对日益增长的反犹主义的担忧是合理的。”但他表示，从法律上讲，政府本应就哈佛大学打击反犹主义的方式与学校进行沟通。然而，政府却试图控制“我们的聘用决定以及我们教学的内容”。

The lawsuit, filed in federal court in Massachusetts, accuses the government of unleashing a broad attack as “leverage to gain control of academic decision-making at Harvard.” It also references other major universities that have faced abrupt funding cuts.

这起在马萨诸塞州联邦法院提起的诉讼指控政府发动广泛攻击，意图藉此“控制哈佛大学的学术决策”。诉讼还提及了其他一些面临突然削减经费的主要大学。

The lawsuit names as defendants Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the health and human services secretary; Linda M. McMahon, the education secretary; Stephen Ehikian, acting administrator of the General Services Administration; Attorney General Pamela J. Bondi; and several other administration officials.

该诉讼将卫生与公众服务部部长小罗伯特·肯尼迪、教育部部长琳达·麦克马洪、总务管理局代理局长斯蒂芬·埃希基安、总检察长帕梅拉·邦迪以及其他几位政府官员列为被告。

“The gravy train of federal assistance to institutions like Harvard, which enrich their grossly overpaid bureaucrats with tax dollars from struggling American families is coming to an end,” Harrison Fields, a White House spokesman, wrote in an emailed statement in response to the lawsuit.

白宫发言人哈里森·菲尔兹在回应这起诉讼的电子邮件声明中写道：“联邦政府对像哈佛这样的机构的慷慨资助即将结束，这些机构用苦苦挣扎的美国家庭缴纳的税款，让其薪水过高的官僚们致富。”

He added: “Taxpayer funds are a privilege, and Harvard fails to meet the basic conditions required to access that privilege.”

他还说：“纳税人的资金是一种特权，而哈佛大学未能满足获得这一特权所需的基本条件。”

In the past week, the Trump administration has also threatened to eliminate visas for international students at Harvard after the university refused to accede to administration demands.

哈佛大学拒绝了政府的要求后，在过去的一周里，特朗普政府还威胁要取消该校国际学生的签证。

And government officials are planning to freeze an additional $1 billion in research funding to Harvard, according to two administration officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity. The officials said the funding was mainly from the National Institutes of Health, which is the nation’s primary agency for biomedical and public health research.

据两名不愿透露姓名的政府官员称，政府官员正计划再冻结哈佛大学一笔10亿美元的研究经费。这些官员表示，这笔资金主要来自美国国立卫生研究院，该机构是美国生物医学和公共卫生研究的主要机构。

Harvard officials have said the funding freeze will have a significant impact on the T.H. Chan School of Public Health, which receives nearly half of its total budget from federal research grants. The school announced major budget cuts this past week.

哈佛大学的官员表示，资金冻结将对哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院产生重大影响，该学院近一半的预算来自联邦研究拨款。上周，该学院宣布了大幅削减预算的决定。

Using claims of antisemitism as a cudgel, the Trump administration has threatened to investigate dozens of colleges, and has already moved to withhold billions in federal funding from several of them, including Columbia, Cornell, Northwestern and Princeton.

特朗普政府以反犹问题为由威胁要调查几十所大学，并且已经采取行动，扣留了几所大学的数十亿美元联邦资金，其中包括哥伦比亚大学、康奈尔大学、西北大学和普林斯顿大学。

Harvard notified the administration in a letter on April 14 that it would refuse to comply with demands that it said were unlawful. That prompted the Trump administration to impose a funding freeze. The freeze resulted in immediate stop-work orders, affecting the school’s federally funded research projects studying tuberculosis, A.L.S. and radiation poisoning.

哈佛大学在4月14日的一封信中通知政府，对于那些该校认为不合法的要求，哈佛将予以拒绝。这促使特朗普政府实施了资金冻结。资金冻结立即导致停工令的下达，影响了该校由联邦资助的关于结核病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和辐射中毒的研究项目。

“The university will not surrender its independence or relinquish its constitutional rights,” Dr. Garber wrote in a message to the community this month.

加伯本月在给学校师生的一封信中写道：“哈佛大学不会放弃其独立性，也不会放弃其宪法权利。”

Harvard’s letter on April 14 was in response to a list of demands that an antisemitism task force, appointed by the Trump administration, had submitted to Harvard three days earlier. Some members of the administration had said that the list of demands was sent by mistake. But on Monday, Dr. Garber said that “their actions suggest otherwise.”

哈佛大学4月14日的信函回应的是一份要求清单，该清单由特朗普政府任命的一个反犹问题特别工作组三天前提交给哈佛。政府的一些成员曾表示，这份要求清单是误发的。但加伯在周一表示：“他们的行动表明并非如此。”

The 51-page lawsuit accused the Trump administration of flouting the First Amendment by trying to restrict what Harvard’s faculty could teach students. “The classroom is peculiarly the ‘marketplace of ideas’ that the First Amendment is designed to safeguard,” the complaint argues, quoting from a 1969 Supreme Court opinion upholding the First Amendment rights of high school students.

在51页的起诉书中，哈佛大学指控特朗普政府试图限制本校教师的教学内容，从而违反了美国宪法第一修正案。诉讼引用了1969年最高法院的一份支持高中生第一修正案权利的意见书，称“教室是第一修正案旨在保护的特殊‘思想市场’。”

The complaint also argues that the government “cannot identify any rational connection between antisemitism concerns and the medical, science, technological and other research it has frozen that aims to save American lives.”

起诉书还指出，政府“无法证明对反犹主义的担忧与它冻结的旨在拯救美国人生命的医学、科学、技术及其他研究之间存在任何合理的联系”。

Some faculty members who had urged Harvard to resist the administration’s encroachment expressed elation at the university’s decision to sue.

校方发起诉讼的决定令一些曾敦促哈佛抵制政府干预的教职员工大为欣喜。

Ryan Enos is a political science professor who helped to write a letter, signed by more than 800 faculty members, imploring the university to fight Mr. Trump’s demands in court. He said Harvard’s decision to sue “should be a larger signal not just to education but civil society that what the Trump administration is doing is unlawful.”

政治学教授瑞安·伊诺斯参与撰写了一封由800多名教职员工签名的信，恳请学校在法庭上抵制特朗普的要求。他说，哈佛大学起诉的决定“不仅向教育界，也向公民社会发出一个更广泛的信号，即特朗普政府的行为是非法的”。

On campus, students reacted ecstatically to Dr. Garber’s email announcing the lawsuit.

在校园里，学生们对加伯宣布起诉的电子邮件反应热烈。

Lorenzo Ruiz, a sophomore from Texas, said the level of school spirit matched the pride that Harvard students show during the school’s annual football game against Yale. “The university has really managed to tap into and inspire not only the support of students, but a massive segment of the nation that is deeply concerned by federal meddling,” he said.

来自得克萨斯州的大二学生洛伦佐·鲁伊斯说，学生们情绪高昂，展现出了每年与耶鲁大学的橄榄球比赛时才有的自豪感。他说：“哈佛大学不仅成功地激发了学生的支持，还激发了这个国家很大一部分人的支持，这些人对联邦政府的干涉深感担忧。”

Ted Mitchell, the president of the American Council on Education, a large association of universities, said: “We applaud Harvard for taking this step and look forward to a clear and unambiguous statement by the court rebuking efforts to undermine scholarship and science.”

大型高校协会美国教育委员会的会长泰德·米切尔说：“我们为哈佛大学采取这一行动鼓掌，并期待法院作出明确无误的声明，谴责破坏学术研究和科学的行为。”

To represent the university, Harvard turned to two lawyers with ties to Mr. Trump and the administration. One of them, William A. Burck, has served as an outside ethics adviser to the Trump Organization. The other, Robert K. Hur, worked in the Justice Department during Mr. Trump’s first term. Mr. Hur was also appointed as special counsel to investigate President Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s handling of classified documents.

为了代表学校进行诉讼，哈佛大学聘请了两名与特朗普及其政府有关系的律师。其中一位是威廉·伯克，曾是特朗普集团的外聘操守顾问。另一位是罗伯特·赫尔，曾在特朗普的第一个任期内供职于司法部。赫尔还曾被任命为特别检察官，负责调查拜登总统处置机密文件的问题。

Harvard’s litigation matched the approach that many higher education officials and lawyers unaffiliated with the university had expected in recent days.

哈佛大学的诉讼策略与许多同该校无关的高等教育官员和律师近日所做的预测一致。

In many respects, Harvard’s complaint focuses intensely on its view that the Trump administration’s quest to dictate to the campus violates the First Amendment. But the university also accuses the government at length of having plowed past longstanding timelines and procedures for disputes about civil rights issues.

在许多方面，哈佛大学的起诉书主要侧重于特朗普政府试图对校园发号施令的做法违反了第一修正案。但该校也用很大篇幅指责政府无视在解决民权问题争议方面沿用多时的路径和程序。

Harvard officials appear to be banking on the hope that the government’s tactics will steer the case toward a speedy resolution. The university’s lawsuit included a plea to the Federal District Court in Massachusetts for an order “expediting the resolution of this action.”

哈佛大学的官员似乎寄希望于政府的策略能使案件迅速得到解决。该校的诉讼请求马萨诸塞州联邦地区法院下达一项“加快解决这一诉讼”的命令。