Lawmakers in Washington have worked for years to limit China’s access to the cutting-edge computer chips needed for advanced artificial intelligence, particularly those made by Nvidia, America’s leading chipmaker.

华盛顿的立法者们多年来一直在制定法规，限制中国获取先进人工智能技术所需的尖端计算机芯片，尤其是美国主要制造商英伟达的产品。

But according to Nvidia’s chief executive, Jensen Huang, those regulations, driven by economic and security concerns, have only made Chinese tech companies stronger.

但英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋指出，这些出于经济和国家安全考虑制定的管制措施反而让中国的科技公司变得更强大。

The export controls on chips forced Nvidia to forfeit its dominant position in China while domestic companies like Huawei, the telecommunications giant, filled the gap, Mr. Huang said at a news conference in Taipei, Taiwan’s capital, on Wednesday.

黄仁勋周三在台北一个记者会上说，对芯片的出口管制迫使英伟达在中国市场失去了主导地位，而电信设备巨头华为这样的本土企业填补了空白。

Washington’s efforts gave Chinese companies “the spirit, the energy and the government support to accelerate their development,” said Mr. Huang, who attended a tech conference in Taipei this week. “All in all, the export control was a failure.”

华盛顿的努力给了中国企业“加速自身发展的精神、活力，以及政府的支持”，黄仁勋本周在台北出席一个科技会议时这样说。“总而言之，出口管制是失败的。”

Beginning in 2022, under former President Joseph R. Biden Jr., the U.S. government imposed rules to curb the export of Nvidia’s most powerful chips to China. Nvidia responded by modifying one type of chip, making it less powerful so it would fall below the government’s performance thresholds. Last month, Nvidia disclosed that U.S. officials were requiring a license for future sales of those chips to China, forcing the company to take a $5.5 billion hit on inventory it had already planned to sell.

在前总统拜登领导下，美国政府从2022年起对英伟达实施新规，限制它向中国出口最强大的芯片。作为应对，英伟达对某款芯片进行了修改，降低它的性能，使其符合政府的出口标准。英伟达上个月披露，美国官员正在要求公司申请未来向中国销售这种芯片的许可，迫使公司冲销了价值55亿美元原计划卖给中国的库存。

Although Huawei’s chips cannot do everything that Nvidia’s can, they work well enough to help Chinese companies provide A.I. services to people and businesses. In recent months, the government in Beijing has been pushing companies to stock their data centers with mostly Chinese-made chips.

尽管华为的芯片尚不具有英伟达芯片的所有功能，但足以帮助中国公司向个人和企业提供人工智能服务。近几个月来，中国政府一直在推动企业在数据中心主要采用国产芯片。

“A.I. researchers are still doing A.I. research in China,” Mr. Huang said on Wednesday. “If they don’t have enough Nvidia, they will use their own,” he said.

“中国的人工智能研究人员仍在推进人工智能的研发，”黄仁勋周三说。“如果他们没有足够多的英伟达芯片，就会使用自己的芯片，”他说。

Mr. Huang has vowed that Nvidia will do everything it can to keep selling A.I. chips in China. The day after the U.S. government opened an investigation into whether Nvidia’s previous sales to China had violated its rules, Mr. Huang met with top economic and trade officials in Beijing.

黄仁勋承诺，英伟达将竭尽全力维持在华人工智能芯片的销售。就在美国政府对英伟达此前对华销售是否违规展开调查的第二天，黄仁勋在北京与中国高级经贸官员见了面。

Nvidia says it is concerned that any advantage gained by Huawei in China could eventually spread into other markets, helping Huawei build a stronger foundation from which to compete around the world.

英伟达表示，该公司担心华为在中国市场取得的任何优势可能最终扩散到世界其他市场，从而帮助华为建立更强大的基础，以开展全球竞争。

Washington’s controls on chip exports have made it increasingly difficult for Nvidia to do business in China. The country accounted for $17 billion of Nvidia’s revenue during its last fiscal year, by percentage the least in over a decade, according to Bernstein Research. Nvidia reported $130 billion in global revenue during its last fiscal year, an increase of 114 percent over the year before.

华盛顿的芯片出口管制使得英伟达在华开展业务变得越来越困难。据伯恩斯坦研究公司的数据，英伟达上一财年来自中国的营收为170亿美元，占总收入的比例创下十余年来的新低。英伟达上一财年全球营收录得1300亿美元，同比增长了114%。

“Four years ago, at the beginning of the Biden administration, Nvidia’s market share in China was nearly 95 percent,” Mr. Huang said. “Today it is only 50 percent.”

“四年前，在拜登政府上台初期，英伟达在中国的市场份额接近95%，”黄仁勋说。“如今仅为50%。”

This month, the U.S. Commerce Department said that any person or company using Huawei A.I. chips could be in violation of U.S. export controls.

美国商务部本月说，任何使用华为人工智能芯片的个人或公司都可能违反了美国的出口管制。

Countries around the world have been lining up to buy Nvidia chips, and the Trump administration has positioned itself as a deal broker.

世界各国正在排队购买英伟达的芯片，特朗普政府已将自己定位为交易掮客。

Mr. Huang was in the Gulf region last week during President Trump’s visit there, as the administration struck multibillion-dollar agreements to sell advanced chips from Nvidia to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

特朗普总统上周访问海湾地区时，黄仁勋也在那里。美国政府签署了把英伟达的先进芯片卖给沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋价值数十亿美元的协议。

Officials in the administration believe these deals will boost business for American A.I. companies like Nvidia and widen the nation’s lead in artificial intelligence. Mr. Huang criticized the approach taken by the Biden administration.

美国政府官员认为，这些交易将推动英伟达等美国人工智能公司的业务，扩大美国在人工智能领域的领先地位。黄仁勋对此前拜登政府的做法提出了批评。

“President Trump said very publicly he would like Nvidia to sell as many GPUs as possible all around the world,” Mr. Huang said, referring to an Nvidia product needed for A.I. systems.

“特朗普总统非常公开地说，他想让英伟达将尽可能多的GPU卖给全球各地的买家，”黄仁勋说，他指的是英伟达生产的人工智能系统芯片。

He said it was important that China’s artificial intelligence developers work on systems made by Nvidia, “or at least on American technology.”

他指出，让中国的人工智能研发人员使用英伟达制造的芯片，“或至少使用美国的技术”很重要。