Southeast Asian officials spent the past few days praising President Trump’s tariffs as a win, saying that they could now compete fairly with their neighbors and that their businesses could plan for the future.

东南亚官员在过去几天里一直称赞特朗普总统的关税政策是一次胜利，表示他们现在可以与邻国公平竞争，企业也能够进行未来的规划。

But though tariffs for Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam are set at around 20 percent, those countries still face a cloud of uncertainty as negotiations grind on. The biggest concern: details surrounding the 40 percent tariff on so-called transshipments of products from China, and especially what percentage of Chinese-made components would set it off.

尽管对柬埔寨、泰国和越南的关税被设定在大约20%左右，这些国家在谈判持续进行的过程中仍面临不确定性的阴影。最大的担忧在于：针对所谓中国产品“转运”征收40%关税的具体细节，尤其是中国制造的零部件所占比例达到多少会触发这一关税。

Although the countries have taken steps to crack down on the practice, they say the Trump administration has not defined clearly what it regards as a transshipped product.

尽管这些国家已采取措施打击这种做法，但他们表示，特朗普政府并未明确界定何为“转运产品”。

This has implications for Southeast Asia because Chinese manufacturers have long set up factories in the region, and many of the goods made in them use components that come from China. Exactly how the United States plans to determine whether a product from Thailand, for example, would qualify for a 19 percent tariff or a 40 percent levy is not clear.

这对东南亚有着重要影响，因为中国制造商早已在该地区设厂，而这些工厂生产的许多商品都使用来自中国的零部件。目前尚不清楚，一件来自泰国的产品是适用于19%的关税，还是40%的关税，美国究竟将如何判定。

Senior officials in Southeast Asia say the United States is setting its criteria for so-called rules of origin unilaterally to define what constitutes a locally made product, based on a calculation that involves raw materials, overhead productions and the cost of labor.

东南亚的高级官员表示，美国正在单方面制定所谓“原产地规则”的标准，根据原材料、间接生产成本和劳动力成本计算来界定何为本地产品。

“We explained to them that, if they put a very high percentage, we will not qualify, because we don’t have our upstream industry yet, so we need to improve and diversify our supply chains,” said Sun Chanthol, Cambodia’s deputy prime minister and lead trade negotiator.

“我们向他们解释说，如果他们设定一个非常高的比例，我们将无法达标，因为我们还没有建立起上游产业，因此我们需要改善并多元化我们的供应链，”柬埔寨副首相兼首席贸易谈判代表孙占托表示。

“We asked them to recognize that and allow us time for us to improve our local content,” he added. “As long as we can have the grace period to do that, we should be OK, but if they put it on Day 1, then we will face difficulty.”

“我们请求他们予以理解，并给予我们时间来提升本地含量，”他补充道。“只要我们有一个宽限期来实现这个目标，我们应该没问题；但如果他们一上来就实施这一要求，那我们将面临困难。”

Since Mr. Trump’s first presidential term, many multinational companies have shifted their manufacturing to Southeast Asia in a bid to diversify their supply chains and reduce their reliance on Chinese manufacturing, particularly in response to escalating trade tensions between the United States and China. This “China Plus One” strategy led to a significant increase in foreign direct investment in Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand.

自特朗普总统第一个任期以来，许多跨国公司为了供应链多元化、减少对中国制造的依赖，已将生产转移至东南亚，尤其是在中美贸易紧张局势加剧的背景下。这一“中国+1”战略推动了越南、印尼和泰国的外国直接投资大幅增长。

Now, the Trump administration appears to be floating numbers to see what governments would accept on the “rules of origin.” One such proposal to Thailand recently was whether 70 percent locally made was attainable, according to a senior Thai official involved in trade talks with the United States. He asked not to be named because of a nondisclosure agreement that he had signed with the U.S. government.

目前，特朗普政府似乎正在提出一些数字，以试探各国政府在“原产地规则”上的接受程度。一位参与对美贸易谈判的泰国高级官员表示，美方最近向泰国提出的一个建议是，是否能够达到70%的本地制造比例。由于与美国政府签署了保密协议，该官员要求匿名。

The Thai official said that his government did not respond because they felt the figure was too onerous. “It’s very much related to how they would conclude with China, so I have to wait and see,” he said, referring to the continuing trade talks between China and the United States.

这位泰国官员表示，其政府没有作出回应，因为他们认为这个数字要求过于苛刻。“这很大程度上取决于他们与中国的谈判结果，所以我只能等等再说，”他指的正是中美之间持续进行的贸易谈判。

What is clear is that the United States is making it much harder for China to use Southeast Asia as a way station to ship goods to America.

可以明确的是，美国正在大幅增加中国利用东南亚作为中转站，将商品运往美国的难度。

The United States has been notifying governments in Southeast Asia of Chinese companies that are using warehouses in these countries to reroute Chinese-made goods in a bid to dodge tariffs, according to officials in the region.

据该地区官员称，美国一直在通知东南亚各国政府，有中国企业利用这些国家的仓库，将中国产品重新转运，以规避关税。

The Thai official said he had met with the Chinese ambassador to explain that they had to comply with the law.

这位泰国官员表示，他曾会见中国大使，向其解释他们必须遵守法律。

Still, he said he was optimistic that Thailand could ultimately benefit from Mr. Trump’s trade policy despite the uncertainty. Chinese companies such as electric vehicle makers, for example, are likely to remain in Thailand, he said, and they will eventually have to work with the government there to make their companies more Thai, he added.

不过，他表示，尽管存在不确定性，他仍然乐观认为泰国最终能够从特朗普的贸易政策中受益。比如，像电动汽车制造商这样的中国公司很可能会继续留在泰国，他补充说，这些公司最终将不得不与泰国政府合作，使其企业更具“泰国”元素。

In Malaysia, which is a big player in the global semiconductor industry, businesses are grappling with the news that the Trump administration would impose a 100 percent tariff on imported semiconductors.

在全球半导体产业中占据重要地位的马来西亚，企业正努力应对特朗普政府将对进口半导体征收100%关税的消息。

“We need clarity from President Trump how the 100 percent is applied,” said Wong Siew Hai, the president of the Malaysia Semiconductor Industry Association. “There is no effective date set as well.”

“我们需要特朗普总统清楚说明这100%关税的具体适用方式，”马来西亚半导体行业协会会长黄秀海表示。“现在连确定的生效日期也没有。”