President Trump signed an executive order on Monday extending a trade truce between the United States and China for another three months, providing a reprieve from the threat of escalating tariffs and export controls that have rocked the global economy.

特朗普总统周一签署了行政命令，将美中之间的贸易休战期延长三个月，从而暂时缓解了震动全球经济的关税升级与出口管制带来的威胁。

The extension, until Nov. 10, provides the two countries more time to work out their differences and set the stage for a potential summit between Mr. Trump and President Xi Jinping, China’s leader, later this year. Mr. Trump suggested on Monday that negotiations were making progress.

休战期延续至11月10日，这为两国争取了更多时间来解决分歧，并为今年晚些时候特朗普与中国领导人习近平可能举行的峰会铺平道路。特朗普周一暗示，谈判正在取得进展。

“They’ve been dealing quite nicely — the relationship is very good with President Xi and myself,” Mr. Trump said at the White House.

“他们一直处理得相当好——习近平主席和我本人的关系很好，”特朗普在白宫对记者表示。

Top economic officials had been working to finalize a provisional agreement to extend the truce that was reached during meetings in Sweden last month. The deadline for the truce to expire was Tuesday.

高级经济官员一直在努力敲定一项临时协议，以延长上个月在瑞典谈判达成的贸易战休战安排。原本的休战期到周二结束。

After the Sweden talks, American officials were optimistic that the president would sign off on the arrangement, though in dramatic fashion, Mr. Trump waited until the final hours before the deadline to extend the pause. Had the tariffs snapped back in place, they risked escalating a trade war between the world’s two largest economies that rattled global markets earlier this year.

特朗普的顾问团曾在瑞典的会谈结束后乐观地认为总统会签署协议，但特朗普以颇具戏剧性的方式一直等到最后期限前的最后几个小时才宣布延长休战。如果高额关税恢复，世界两个最大经济体之间的贸易战将加剧，这场贸易战曾在今年早些时候引发全球股市动荡。

伊利诺伊州德怀特的一个大豆农场。特朗普总统呼吁中国把从美国购买的大豆提高到目前购买量的四倍。

With the clock ticking, Mr. Trump on Sunday night called on China to quadruple its purchases of American soybeans and noted that doing so would help reduce America’s trade deficit with China.

随着最后期限的到来，特朗普在周日晚间要求中国把从美国购买的大豆数量增加到目前的四倍，并强调此举有助于减少美中贸易逆差。

“China is worried about its shortage of soybeans,” Mr. Trump wrote on Truth Social in a message directed to Xi Jinping, China’s leader. “Our great farmers produce the most robust soybeans.”

“中国担心自己的大豆短缺，”特朗普在Truth Social上直接向中国领导人习近平喊话。“我们伟大的农民生产最优质的大豆。”

The United States and China have held three formal rounds of trade talks this year, after Mr. Trump started ratcheting up tariffs on Chinese imports. U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods ultimately reached 145 percent, and China curbed the exports of rare earth magnets that are critical to American manufacturers. In an effort to de-escalate the tension, a 90-day truce was reached under which the U.S. reduced its China tariffs to 30 percent while China lowered its tariffs on U.S. goods to 10 percent and agreed to export the magnets.

特朗普开始不断提高对中国商品征收的进口关税后，两国已在今年举行了三轮正式的贸易谈判。美国最终把对中国商品征收的关税提高到145%，中国则限制了稀土磁铁出口，这种磁铁对美国的制造商们至关重要。为缓和紧张局势，双方达成了为期90天的贸易休战协议，美国将对中国商品征收的关税降到30%，中国则把对美国商品征收的关税降到10%，并同意回复出口稀土磁铁。

Following talks in Sweden in late July, Mr. Trump’s economic advisers exuded optimism that another 90-day extension would be granted. Jamieson Greer, the United States Trade Representative, said that U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports could increase to 80 percent in the absence of an agreement, but Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent downplayed that possibility, suggesting that only technical details needed to be addressed.

今年7月底在瑞典举行的谈判结束后，特朗普的经济顾问团曾对将休战期再延长90天表示乐观。美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔说，如果达不成协议的话，美国对中国进口产品征收的关税可能会提高到80%。但财政部长斯科特·贝森特淡化了达不成协议的可能性，他暗示只剩下技术性的细节问题需要解决。

The scope of the talks have broadened beyond tariffs. Mr. Bessent has said that he was pressing his Chinese counterparts on American concerns about China’s excess manufacturing capacity and its purchases of oil from Russia and Iran.

谈判的范围已扩大到了关税之外的议题。贝森特表示，他正在就美国关切的问题向中方施压，美国已对中国的产能过剩以及购买俄罗斯和伊朗石油等问题表示了关切。

财政部长斯科特·贝森特今年6月在美国国会大厦。

American and Chinese officials have been negotiating over U.S. export controls of microchips that China needs to power artificial intelligence systems.

两国官员还一直在就美国限制向中国出口微芯片的问题进行谈判，中国的人工智能系统需要这些微芯片。

Despite the Trump administration’s national security concerns over the trade in semiconductors and other products, it has taken a transactional approach to negotiations. Nvidia and Advanced Micro Devices are expected to pay the United States 15 percent of the money they generate from selling A.I. chips to China, as part of a highly unusual financial agreement with the Trump administration.

尽管特朗普政府在半导体和其他产品的贸易方面存在国家安全担忧，但政府在谈判中对这种贸易采取了交易性的态度。英伟达和超微半导体公司预计将把它们向中国出售人工智能芯片收入的15%上交给美国政府，这是它们与特朗普政府达成的一项极不寻常的财务协议的一部分。

The trade talks with China have been on a separate track from negotiations that the Trump administration has been having with other trading partners. This month, the United States announced a flurry of trade deals, with Japan, South Korea and the European Union making big U.S. investment commitments in exchange for lower tariff rates.

与中国的贸易谈判跟特朗普政府与其他贸易伙伴的谈判是分开进行的。美国已在本月宣布了一系列贸易协议，日本、韩国以及欧盟在各自的协议中做出了对美巨额投资的承诺，以换取更低的关税率。

At the same time, Mr. Trump continues to deploy tariffs as a tool to address virtually any diplomatic issue. Last week, he doubled tariffs on goods from India, to 50 percent, in part because India refused to curb purchases of Russian oil. The Trump administration has so far refrained from imposing such tariffs on China, which also buys Russian crude.

与此同时，特朗普继续把关税作为解决几乎所有外交问题的工具。上周，他把对印度商品征收的关税率提高了一倍，达到了50%，部分原因是印度拒绝限制购买俄罗斯石油。特朗普政府到目前为止还没有对同样购买俄罗斯石油的中国征收这种关税。

Vice President JD Vance said on Fox News on Sunday that tariffs on China linked to Russian oil purchases are “on the table,” but that Mr. Trump has yet to make a decision on the matter because of the complexity of the relationship.

美国副总统万斯周日在福克斯新闻节目上说，针对中国采购俄油实施关税的方案“正在考虑中”，但由于这个问题牵扯到很多层面，特朗普尚未对此事做出决定。

Washington and Beijing reached a broad trade agreement during Mr. Trump’s first term that included commitments from China to buy billions of dollars worth of U.S. farm products. However, China didn’t follow through on that agreement as the Covid-19 pandemic set in, and relations between the two countries frayed.

特朗普第一次担任总统期间，华盛顿曾与北京达成了一项涉及范围广泛的贸易协议，其中包括中国承诺购买价值几十亿美元的美国农产品。但随着新冠病毒大流行的到来，中国并未履行该协议，两国关系也趋于紧张。

Mr. Trump has maintained that he is open to meeting with Mr. Xi, but said last week that he would only do so if the two countries reached a trade pact.

虽然特朗普一直保持的说法是，他对与习近平见面持开放态度，但他在上周表示，只有在两国达成贸易协议的情况下，他才会那样做。

“He asked for a meeting, and I’ll end up having a meeting before the end of the year most likely, if we make a deal,” Mr. Trump said of Mr. Xi on CNBC last week. “If we don’t make a deal, I’m not going to have a meeting.”

“他提出安排会晤，我总有一天要安排会晤，最大的可能性是年底之前，如果我们达成协议的话，”特朗普上周在CNBC节目上谈到习近平时说。“如果我们达不成协议，我将不安排会晤。”