President Trump’s decision to send at least 800 National Guard troops into the streets of Washington to fight crime is the latest example of how the president has used the military to advance domestic policy priorities.

特朗普总统决定派遣至少800名国民警卫队士兵进驻华盛顿街头打击犯罪，这是他利用军队推进国内政策优先事项的最新例证。

Though crime rates in the capital have been falling, Mr. Trump has said that they are “totally out of control” and has threatened a federal takeover.

尽管首都的犯罪率一直在下降，特朗普还是声称犯罪“完全失控”，并威胁要由联邦政府接管。

Already this year, Mr. Trump has deployed some 10,000 active-duty troops to the southwest U.S. border to choke off the flow of drugs as well as migrants, and 4,700 National Guard troops and Marines to Los Angeles to help quell protests that had erupted over immigration raids and to protect the federal agents conducting them. All but about 250 of those National Guard troops have since been withdrawn.

今年，特朗普已向美国西南边境部署了约1万名现役军人，以遏制毒品和移民流入；还向洛杉矶派遣了4700名国民警卫队和海军陆战队队员，协助平息因移民搜查引发的抗议活动，并保护执行突查任务的联邦特工。如今，这些国民警卫队士兵中除约250人外，其余均已撤离。

Mr. Trump last month secretly signed a directive to the Pentagon to begin using military force against certain Latin American drug cartels that his administration has deemed terrorist organizations.

上月，特朗普秘密签署一项指令，要求五角大楼开始对美国政府认定为恐怖组织的某些拉美贩毒集团使用军事力量。

The National Guard troops who will fan out across Washington starting this week will not perform law enforcement tasks, Pentagon officials said on Monday. Instead, 100 to 200 Guard soldiers at any given time will help with such tasks as logistics and transportation, while providing a “physical presence” in support of federal agents, the Army said in a statement.

五角大楼官员周一表示，本周开始在华盛顿各处部署的国民警卫队士兵不会执行执法任务。陆军在声明中称，将会有100至200名警卫队士兵常驻，协助完成后勤和运输等任务，同时以其“实际存在”支持联邦特工。

But like the Guard in Los Angeles, the soldiers in Washington will probably be able to detain people temporarily in certain circumstances until federal agents arrive, officials said. The soldiers will be armed and authorized to defend themselves, military officials said.

但官员们表示，与洛杉矶的国民警卫队一样，华盛顿的士兵在特定情况下或许能够暂时拘留人员，直至联邦特工抵达。军方官员称，这些士兵将携带武器，并有权自卫。

“You will see them flowing into the streets of Washington in the coming week,” Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, a former National Guard infantryman, said at a White House news conference on Monday morning, standing next to Mr. Trump.

“未来一周，你会看到他们涌入华盛顿的街道，”曾是国民警卫队步兵的国防部长皮特·海格塞斯周一上午在白宫新闻发布会上站在特朗普身旁说。

Mr. Hegseth offered no details on how long the National Guard would be deployed in the capital. But he said they “will be strong, they will be tough and they will stand with their law enforcement partners.”

海格塞斯未透露国民警卫队将在首都部署具体多长时间。但他表示，他们“会很强大，会很强硬，会与执法部门的搭档并肩作战”。

The Pentagon is contacting National Guards in other states, including “specialized units,” in case reinforcements are needed, Mr. Hegseth said. But a senior Army official said the 800 D.C. Guard soldiers tapped for duty should be sufficient.

海格塞斯称，五角大楼正在联系其他州的国民警卫队，包括“专业单位”，以备需要时增援。但一名陆军高级官员表示，被选中执行任务的800名华盛顿国民警卫队士兵应已足够。

In a Truth Social post on Monday morning, Mr. Trump said, “I will, MAKE OUR CAPITAL GREAT AGAIN!”

特朗普周一上午在Truth Social上发帖称：“我将让我们的首都再次伟大！”

Unlike a state’s governor, the District of Columbia does not have control over its National Guard, giving the president broad leeway to deploy those troops. The D.C. Guard’s chain of command runs from its commanding general to the secretary of the Army to Mr. Hegseth to the president.

与州长不同，哥伦比亚特区无权控制其国民警卫队，这使总统部署这些部队时拥有宽泛的自由裁量权。华盛顿国民警卫队的指挥链层级依次是：警卫队指挥官到陆军部长，再到海格塞斯，最后到总统。

The U.S. military responds quickly to executive directives. For that reason, it is a preferred institution for a president who presents himself as tough on crime, undocumented immigrants, drugs, “woke” culture and other perceived domestic enemies.

美国军方对行政指令反应迅速。因此，对于一位自诩强硬打击犯罪、非法移民、毒品、“觉醒”文化和其他所谓国内敌人问题的总统来说，军方成了他的首选机构。

But in recent months that has put the military at the center of a series of partisan political issues, traditionally where its leaders in the past have least wanted to be.

但近几个月来，这让军方成了一系列党派政治问题的中心，而这正是其领导人过去最不愿出现的情况。

Mr. Trump’s directive deploying National Guard troops to Washington “is a fraught one because it will seem partisan from the get-go,” said Peter Feaver, a political science professor at Duke University.

杜克大学政治学教授彼得·费弗说，特朗普部署国民警卫队到华盛顿的指令“令人担忧，因为它从一开始就会显得带有党派色彩”。

“The military does not train for normal police beat-walking missions,” Mr. Feaver said in an interview.

“军方并未接受过常规的警察街头巡逻训练，”费弗在接受采访时说。

Military leaders are trying to keep the rules of engagement for the D.C. mission as narrow as possible, one Defense Department official said, so that soldiers with M-16s who have been trained to kill adversaries are not put in policing roles.

一名国防部官员表示，军方领导人正努力将华盛顿任务的交战规则限制在尽可能窄的范围内，以免让那些手持M-16、受过杀敌训练的士兵担任警务职责。

“This is part of a pattern where the administration is using and appropriating military resources for nonmilitary domestic goals,” said Carrie A. Lee, the former chair of the department of national security and strategy at the Army War College. “Whether it’s immigration or going against drug cartels or crime in Washington, it’s very clear, to me at least, that this administration sees the military as a one-size-fits-all solution to its accomplishing its domestic political priorities.”

“这是行政当局利用和挪用军事资源实现非军事国内目标的模式之一，”前陆军战争学院国家安全与战略系主任卡丽·李说。“无论是移民问题、打击贩毒集团，还是华盛顿的犯罪问题，至少在我看来，很明显，本届政府将军方视为实现其国内政治优先事项的万金油。”

Critics in Congress also assailed the new directive. “Our military is trained to defend the nation from external threats and assist communities during disasters or emergencies, not to conduct day-to-day domestic policing,” Senator Jack Reed of Rhode Island, the top Democrat on the Armed Services Committee, said in a statement. “This deployment is a serious misuse of the National Guard’s time and talent.”

国会中的批评者也对这一新指令进行了抨击。“我们的军队接受的训练是保卫国家免受外部威胁，并在灾难或紧急情况时协助社区，而非执行日常国内警务，”参议院军事委员会资深民主党人、罗得岛州参议员杰克·里德在声明中说。“这次部署严重滥用了国民警卫队的时间和人力。”

During Mr. Trump’s first term, Pentagon and military leaders cautioned him against using troops to shoot racial justice protesters in the legs, as former aides have said he suggested. He heeded their warnings, though some National Guard soldiers used aggressive tactics against protesters.

特朗普第一任期内，有前助手称他建议用军队向主张种族正义的抗议者的腿部开枪，五角大楼和军方领导人当时对此提出了警告。他听从了这些警告，尽管一些国民警卫队士兵对抗议者使用了激进策略。

But in Mr. Hegseth, Mr. Trump now has a defense secretary who has enthusiastically supported the president’s desire to use military force inside the country.

但如今，特朗普有了国防部长海格塞斯，他热切支持总统在国内使用军事力量的意图。

For the troops, and for the military in general, there could be risks in calling on them for matters traditionally handled by other institutions. In some cases, troops could feel pitted against their own neighbors.

对于军队士兵乃至整个军方而言，被调用去处理传统上由其他机构负责的事务可能存在风险。在某些情况下，士兵可能会觉得，这是让自己与邻里为敌。

“They’re members of the community, which is why these types of missions are very unpopular with those serving,” said Dr. Lee, who is now a senior fellow at the German Marshall Fund. “You’re being asked to threaten force against the people whose kids may go to school with yours.”

“他们是社区的一员，所以这类任务在服役人员中非常不受欢迎，”现任职于德国马歇尔基金会的李说。“你被要求对那些人动用武力威胁，然而他们的孩子可能是你家孩子的同学。”

In interviews with The New York Times, members of the California National Guard said the deployment to Los Angeles had eroded the morale of a force that, during the January wildfires, had been welcomed by many in the city. Guard officials also expressed concerns that the deployment would hurt re-enlistment.

在接受《纽约时报》采访时，加州国民警卫队成员表示，部署到洛杉矶的行动打击了这支部队的士气——今年1月山火期间，他们在该市还受到许多人的欢迎。警卫队官员还担心，这次部署会影响士兵的再入伍率。

For the military as a whole, the cost could come in recruiting and retention, military experts say, as few join the military to police the Washington metro area.

军事专家表示，对于整个军方来说，代价可能体现在征兵和留任方面，因为几乎没有人参军是为了在华盛顿市区执行警务。

Mr. Trump’s order came two days after the retirement of Maj. Gen. John C. Andonie, the commanding general of the D.C. Guard. Brig. Gen. Leland D. Blanchard II was named acting commander.

特区国民警卫队指挥官约翰·安多尼少将在特朗普下达该命令的两天前退役。莱兰·布兰查德二世准将被任命为代理指挥官。

“The role of the National Guard is more relevant now than ever,” said General Andonie, who is stepping down after 35 years of service. “Modern citizen-soldiers and airmen must be agile and flexible, as demonstrated by our Guard members responding to missions both at home and abroad.”

“国民警卫队的作用现在比以往任何时候都更重要，”服役35年后即将卸任的安多尼说。“现代公民士兵必须灵活应变，我们的警卫队成员在国内外执行任务的表现就展现了这一点。”

The D.C. Guard has more than 2,400 members, “with a longstanding commitment to national defense and community,” the Guard said in a statement about the change of command.

特区国民警卫队在关于指挥官变更的声明中称，该警卫队拥有2400多名成员，“长期致力于国防和社区服务。”