China has racked up a $60 billion trade surplus with Africa so far in 2025, nearly surpassing last year’s total, as Chinese companies redirect trade to the region while President Trump’s tariffs crimp the flow of goods into the United States.

随着特朗普总统的关税阻碍商品流入美国，中国企业将贸易转向非洲，到目前为止，中国在2025年对非洲的贸易顺差已经达到600亿美元，几乎超过了去年的总额。

Through August, China exported $141 billion worth of goods and services to Africa, while importing $81 billion, according to data released by the Chinese government on Monday. The widening trade imbalance with Africa stems from surging exports of Chinese-made batteries, solar panels, electric vehicles and industrial equipment.

根据中国政府周一公布的数据，截至8月，中国向非洲出口了价值1410亿美元的商品和服务，同时进口了810亿美元。中国对非贸易不平衡的扩大源于中国制造的电池、太阳能电池板、电动汽车和工业设备出口激增。

The swell in exports to Africa, along with record volumes of goods sold to Southeast Asia and Latin America, underscores the resilience of Chinese manufacturers in finding new markets for the products their factories continue to churn out in enormous quantities.

对非洲出口激增、对东南亚和拉丁美洲出口创纪录，这都凸显出中国制造商在为其工厂持续大量生产的产品寻找新市场方面的韧性。

China has long been the biggest trading partner for the region. But the flow of Chinese-made goods has never been more important as the trade war with the United States rages on and the growth of China’s domestic economy slows. In August, China’s exports to the United States plunged 33 percent while those to Africa grew 26 percent.

中国长期以来一直是非洲最大的贸易伙伴。但随着与美国的贸易战愈演愈烈，以及中国国内经济增长放缓，中国制造商品的流动从未像现在这样重要。今年8月，中国对美国的出口下降了33%，而对非洲的出口增长了26%。

The boom in trade to Africa is apparent on the streets of Kampala, Uganda’s capital city.

在乌干达首都坎帕拉的街道上，中国对非洲贸易的蓬勃态势显而易见。

坎帕拉的太阳能电池板。它们铺满了城市店面，反映出人们对经济实惠的能源解决方案的需求日益增长。

In a bustling neighborhood full of electronics shops, most of the solar panels crowding the interior of nearly every storefront had one thing in common. They were made in China.

在一个电子产品商店林立的繁华社区，几乎每家店面里的堆着的太阳能电池板大都有一个共同点。它们都是中国制造的。

One shop owner, Mwiine Joseph, said Chinese solar panels had edged out rival offerings from Europe and India over the last decade. He estimated that nearly 99 percent of the solar brands on offer were made in China. At the end of the day, the products from China could not be beaten on price.

店主姆维内·约瑟夫表示，过去10年，中国的太阳能电池板已经逐步挤掉了来自欧洲和印度的竞品。他估计，市场上近99%的太阳能品牌是中国制造的。归根结底，中国产品在价格方面无可匹敌。

“I only look for cheap solar to sell if I am to compete with others in the market,” said Mr. Mwiine, 38. “This is what the Chinese are giving us.”

“要在市场上和其他人竞争，我只能寻找廉价的太阳能产品来出售，”38岁的姆维内说。“这就是中国人提供给我们的。”

It was not just the solar panels. Nearly everything in the small and crowded electronics shop, from lightbulbs to generators, was also made in China.

不仅仅是太阳能电池板。在这家小而拥挤的电子商店里，从灯泡到发电机，几乎所有的东西都是中国制造的。

For more than a decade, China has invested heavily in building infrastructure throughout the continent as part of its Belt and Road Initiative. The projects have deepened Beijing’s influence across Africa, creating business opportunities for Chinese companies and providing access to valuable raw materials.

十多年来，作为“一带一路”倡议的一部分，中国在整个非洲大陆投入巨资建设基础设施。这些项目加深了中国在非洲的影响力，为中国企业创造了商机，并且令它们有了获得宝贵原材料的途径。

This year, the Trump administration has gutted foreign aid to Africa, leaving a host of health and development initiatives in limbo. It also targeted many African countries with tariffs, including a 30 percent duty on goods from South Africa.

今年，特朗普政府削减了对非洲的援助，使许多卫生和发展计划陷入僵局。它还对许多非洲国家征收关税，其中南非商品面临30%的关税。

去年在北京举行的肯尼亚与中国关于“一带一路”合作会议。

Mr. Trump initially threatened a 50 percent tariff on imports from Lesotho, forcing the textile-dependent country to declare a national state of disaster. The rate was reduced to 15 percent, which is still expected to hurt Lesotho. It was among nearly two dozen African countries that had sent certain products to the United States without any import taxes under a law passed by Congress in 2000.

特朗普最初威胁要对从莱索托进口的商品征收50%的关税，迫使这个依赖纺织品的国家宣布全国进入灾难状态。后来这一税率降至15%，预计仍会对莱索托造成伤害。根据美国国会2000年通过的一项法律，有近20个非洲国家向美国出口特定产品可享受零关税待遇，其中包括莱索托。

As the United States pulls back from Africa, China is presenting itself as an economic counterbalance. In June, Beijing said it would waive nearly all tariffs for 53 African countries. China was sending a message: It was committed to nurturing a fruitful, mutually beneficial relationship with Africa.

随着美国从非洲撤出，中国正以经济平衡力量的姿态出现。今年6月，北京表示将免除53个非洲国家的几乎所有关税。中国在传递这样一个信息：中国致力于与非洲发展富有成果的互利关系。

Xinhua, China’s main state-run news agency, claimed in an editorial in January that China had created more than one million jobs in Africa in the last three years, while helping the region build roads, railways, bridges and ports over the previous quarter-century.

中国主要的官方通讯社新华社在1月的一篇社论中称，过去三年中，中国在非洲创造了超过100万个就业岗位，过去25年里也一直帮助该地区修建公路、铁路、桥梁和港口。

What Beijing portrays as a marriage of convenience is most apparent in the solar energy sector. Although China dominates all aspects of the industry, Chinese solar companies are struggling to survive, plagued by cutthroat competition and overproduction that has driven down prices and eroded profitability. However, plummeting prices have spurred a solar energy boom in Africa, where there is a desperate need for energy.

北京所描绘的“权宜联姻”在太阳能领域最为明显。尽管中国在太阳能行业的各个方面都占据主导地位，但残酷竞争和产能过剩压低了价格，侵蚀了盈利空间，中国太阳能企业仍在苦苦挣扎。然而，急剧下降的价格刺激了非洲的太阳能热潮，当地对能源的需求极为迫切。

乌干达首家手机工厂由中国企业建造，凸显出中国在非洲的长期存在。

As a result, solar is “taking off” in Africa, according to Ember, an energy tracking group. Solar panel imports from China rose 60 percent in the last 12 months, and 20 African countries imported a record amount over that period, Ember said.

因此，根据能源跟踪组织Ember的说法，太阳能在非洲正在“起飞”。该机构称，过去12个月，从中国进口的太阳能电池板增加了60%，20个非洲国家在此期间的进口量创历史新高。

In Uganda, many Chinese solar manufacturers have established distribution offices in Kampala, allowing retailers to obtain products quickly and avoid the hassle of importing them from China.

在乌干达，许多中国太阳能制造商在坎帕拉设立了分销办事处，使零售商能够迅速获得产品，避免了从中国进口产品的繁琐过程。

Walter Cuccu, managing director of W. Water Works, a water and solar energy installation company, said Chinese solar companies were prevalent in Uganda and were setting up branches across the continent. He said more than eight Chinese companies had distribution centers in the city.

供水和太阳能安装公司W. Water Works的董事总经理沃尔特·库库表示，中国太阳能企业在乌干达非常普遍，它们正在非洲大陆各地设立分支机构。他说，超过八家中国公司在坎帕拉设有分销中心。

He said the companies were competing aggressively with one another, driving down prices. He estimated that solar panel prices had fallen 40 percent over the last 12 months.

他说，这些公司相互间竞争激烈，压低了价格。他估计，太阳能电池板的价格在过去12个月里下降了40%。

Mr. Cuccu said European competitors were not investing in the sector in Africa like the Chinese firms.

库库说，欧洲竞争对手并未像中国公司那样在非洲投资该行业。

“They will discover when it’s too late that the Chinese have already taken over,” he said.

他说：“等他们发现的时候已经晚了，那时候中国企业早已经占据主导地位。”

肯尼亚标准轨距铁路由中国路桥工程有限责任公司于2023年承建，并获得了北京的资金支持。

It’s not just clean energy. The surge in Chinese exports to meet Africa’s industrial needs is staggering. In the first five months of the year, steel shipments to Africa rose nearly 30 percent. Deliveries for Chinese agriculture, construction and shipbuilding machinery all rose more than 40 percent. In addition, electric motors and generator exports rose more than 50 percent, according to China’s most recent customs data.

不仅仅是清洁能源。为满足非洲工业需求而激增的中国出口数据令人震惊。今年前5个月，对非洲的钢铁出货量增长了近30%。中国的农业、建筑和造船机械的交付量都增长了40%以上。此外，根据中国最新的海关数据，电机和发电机出口增长了50%以上。

For consumer products, the gains are equally eye-opening. Chinese exports of automobiles rose 67 percent in the first five months of 2025, including a doubling of shipments in May alone. China already dominates other key sectors: Four of Africa’s five biggest smartphone brands are Chinese, with Huawei and Xiaomi tallying the biggest market share gains this year.

在消费产品方面，增长同样令人瞩目。中国汽车出口在2025年的前五个月增长了67%，其中仅5月的出货量就翻了一番。中国已经在其他关键领域占据主导地位：非洲五大智能手机品牌中有四个是中国品牌，其中华为和小米今年的市场份额增幅最大。

For years, African leaders have expressed concern about what they perceive as a lopsided relationship with Beijing, with China devouring Africa’s natural resources while flooding the market with its manufactured goods.

多年来，非洲领导人一直对他们所认为的与北京的不平衡关系表示担忧，他们担心中国吞噬非洲的自然资源，同时用大量制成品淹没非洲市场。

The deluge of Chinese exports puts African countries in a hard spot, threatening to undermine their efforts to develop high-value industries of their own. Yet policymakers feel they must stay in China’s favor, said David Omojomolo, Africa economist for Capital Economics.

中国出口商品的大量涌入有可能破坏非洲国家发展本国高价值产业的努力，使它们陷入一个为难的境地。然而，凯投宏观非洲经济学家戴维·奥莫乔莫洛说，政策制定者们认为他们必须维持与中国的良好关系。

“China is really the only game in town,” he said.

“中国确实是唯一的选择，”他说。