China’s antimonopoly regulator said on Monday that Nvidia, America’s leading chip maker, had violated the country’s antitrust law, the latest sign of tension between Beijing and Washington.

中国反垄断监管机构周一表示，美国领先芯片制造商英伟达违反了中国的反垄断法。这是中美关系紧张的最新信号。

The announcement stemmed from an investigation that China opened against Nvidia last December. The Chinese authorities said on Monday they would continue the investigation.

该公告源于中国去年12月对英伟达启动的一项调查。中国当局周一称，将继续推进该调查。

The State Administration for Market Regulation issued its finding as negotiators from China and the United States were meeting in Madrid to try to hash out mounting trade tensions. “We discussed the poor timing of the Nvidia investigation the day of these talks,” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in Spain on Monday.

中国国家市场监督管理总局发布上述裁定之际，中美谈判代表正于马德里举行会谈，试图化解不断升级的贸易紧张局势。美国财政部长贝森特周一在西班牙表示：“我们讨论了在会谈当日公布英伟达调查结果的时机不当问题。”

In an escalating tit for tat in the days leading up to the regulator’s decision, the United States had added 23 Chinese firms to a list of companies that are barred from buying American technology and other exports because of national security concerns. And China said it was investigating American suppliers of certain integrated circuits.

在监管机构作出决定前的几天里，中美之间以牙还牙的态势不断升级：美国以国家安全为由，将23家中国企业新增至禁止购买美国技术及其他出口产品的实体清单；中国则表示，正对美国部分集成电路供应商展开调查。

In 2020, China approved Nvidia’s acquisition of Mellanox Technologies, a firm founded in Israel that makes computer networking equipment. On Monday, the Chinese regulator said that Nvidia had violated commitments it had made during the deal to prevent anti-competitive practices and ensure supplies to China.

2020年，中国曾批准英伟达收购以色列计算机网络设备制造商迈络思科技。周一，中国监管机构指出，英伟达违反了在该次收购中作出的承诺，这些承诺原本旨在防止反竞争行为，并保障对中国市场的产品供应。

Hector Marinez, a Nvidia spokesman, said the company complies “with the law in all respects.” He added that it “will continue to cooperate with all relevant government agencies as they evaluate the impact of export controls on competition in the commercial markets.”

英伟达发言人赫克托·马丁内斯表示，公司“在各方面均遵守法律”。他还说，英伟达“将继续与所有相关政府机构合作，评估出口管制对商业市场竞争的影响”。

“This is part of a broader effort by the Chinese government to use the regulatory weapons at its disposal, and diplomatic negotiations, to increase China’s access to advanced semiconductors as well as to surpass foreign competitors, ultimately reducing their dependence,” said Lester Ross, the partner in charge of the Beijing office of the law firm WilmerHale.

“中国正利用其掌握的监管工具及外交谈判，增加获取先进半导体的渠道，并超越外国竞争对手，最终减少对外国的依赖，此次是这一更广泛努力的一部分，”威凯平和而德律师事务所北京办公室负责人莱斯特·罗斯表示。

There are a variety of mechanisms that the authorities can use to make it more difficult for a company to do business in China, Mr. Ross said, including making it clear to Chinese companies that they should buy elsewhere.

罗斯指出，中国当局可通过多种机制加大企业在华经营难度，例如明确要求中国企业转向其他渠道采购。

The Chinese government has signaled an increased willingness to open antitrust investigations against foreign companies, once a rare move. Luo Wen, the head of the country’s antimonopoly regulator, has vowed that China will influence global antitrust norms and has said it will ramp up scrutiny over foreign acquisitions in advanced tech industries.

中国政府已释放出更愿意对外国企业发起反垄断调查的信号——此举以往较为罕见。中国反垄断监管机构负责人罗文曾经承诺，中国将影响全球反垄断规则，并表示会加强对先进科技行业外国收购案的审查力度。

Chinese regulators have opened only a few investigations into the dealings of foreign technology companies. The cases can drag on for years without resolution. It is not clear what remedies the government will seek from Nvidia.

中国监管机构对外国科技企业交易活动发起的调查为数不多，这类案件可能会拖延数年而无结果。目前尚不清楚中国政府将要求英伟达采取何种补救措施。

Global demand for Nvidia’s chips has made it one of the most valuable companies in the world. But the company has found itself caught in the middle of a heated contest between the United States and China for primacy over artificial intelligence. Jensen Huang, the chief executive of Nvidia, sees the ability to do business with China as crucial to the company’s efforts to keep its position as the leading maker of A.I. chips.

全球对英伟达芯片的需求使其成为世界市值最高的公司之一，但该公司如今深陷中美人工智能主导权的激烈争夺。英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋认为，能否与中国开展业务，对公司维持人工智能芯片领军地位至关重要。

The scrutiny on Nvidia comes as firms around the world increasingly rely on its chips as infrastructure for advanced A.I. systems.

对英伟达的审查正值全球企业日益依赖其芯片作为先进人工智能系统基础设施之际。

This year, Mr. Huang persuaded President Trump to allow Nvidia to sell certain chips to China, drawing a backlash from critics who argued that allowing access to the technology would aid China in its own technological development.

今年，黄仁勋曾说服特朗普总统允许英伟达向中国出售部分芯片，这一做法引发了批评人士的反对，他们认为，允许中国获取此类技术将助力中国自身的科技发展。

And in July, China’s internet regulator said that it had summoned Nvidia to explain security risks associated with one of its chips developed for the Chinese market, saying the chips could be shut down remotely or used to track a user’s location.

此外，中国互联网监管机构在7月表示已约谈英伟达，要求其就一款为中国市场研发的芯片所涉及的安全风险作出说明，称该芯片存在被远程关闭或用于追踪用户位置的可能性。