President Trump could not have been more emphatic.

特朗普总统的语气非常坚决。

“Don’t take Tylenol. Don’t take it. Fight like hell not to take it,” he said from the White House on Monday, issuing a warning to pregnant women based on an unproven link between the medication and autism.

“不要吃泰诺。别吃。死活都不要吃，”周一在白宫发表讲话时，基于该药物与自闭症之间未经证实的联系，他向孕妇发出了警告。

When a reporter remarked that the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists disagreed with his assessment, Mr. Trump said: “You know what? Maybe they’re right. I don’t think they are.”

当一名记者提到美国妇产科学会不同意他的看法时，特朗普说：“你知道吗？也许他们是对的。我不这么认为。”

Dating back to his first term, when he mused about injecting bleach to kill off the coronavirus, Mr. Trump has used his position of authority to dole out medical advice, some of it deeply flawed. He often strays from the scientific consensus, seeking out individuals who will confirm his own hunches. Or he will elevate people recommending unproven treatments that they promise will make a problem go away quickly.

早在他的第一任期，特朗普就曾设想用注射漂白剂来消灭新冠病毒，他屡屡利用自己的权威地位发表医疗建议，其中不少存在严重错误。他常常偏离科学共识，寻找能证实他个人直觉的人，或者提拔那些推荐未经证实治法的人，只因他们声称能快速解决问题。

On Monday, Mr. Trump seemed to be in the driver’s seat, celebrating the announcement and going even further than guidance issued by the Food and Drug Administration. The agency did not unequivocally state that pregnant women should not take Tylenol but rather that health care providers should consider the risks and discuss them with their patients.

周一，特朗普俨然以主导者盛赞这一决定，并且比食品药品监督管理局(FDA)发布的指导意见走得更远。FDA并未明确表示孕妇不应服用泰诺，而是建议医务人员考虑风险并与患者讨论。

For years, scientists have studied a possible link between pregnant mothers’ use of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, and neurological conditions like autism. Some studies suggest a link; others do not. None have found proof of a causal relationship.

多年来，科学家们一直在研究孕妇服用泰诺中的活性成分对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）与自闭症等神经系统疾病之间的可能联系。一些研究表明存在关联；还有一些则没有发现类似联系。目前尚无任何研究能证实其因果关系。

“One of the things that puts health care providers and public health experts at a disadvantage in messaging is that we do communicate with nuance, and we don’t always have simple answers,” said Dr. Céline Gounder, an infectious disease specialist and editor at large for public health at KFF Health News.

“医务人员和公共卫生专家在信息传递上处于劣势的一点是，我们在讨论时要避免非黑即白，而且无法始终提供简单答案，”传染病专家、KFF健康新闻公共卫生主编塞琳·冈德博士说。

For that reason, Dr. Gounder, who also served on President Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s coronavirus advisory board, said she grows concerned whenever someone without medical or scientific training talks about evidence-based research or makes medical recommendations.

曾在拜登总统的新冠顾问委员会任职的冈德表示，每当没有医学或科学培训背景的人谈论基于证据的研究或提出医疗建议时，她都会感到担忧。

“We, as health care providers, do get held up to a certain standard,” she said. “We can get sued if we make a recommendation that is harmful to our patients.”

“作为医务人员，我们必须遵守一定标准，”她说。“如果我们提出了对患者有害的建议，可能会被起诉。”

Mr. Trump has long cast doubt on the advice of medical professionals, and he routinely ignored officials in his first term during the pandemic. He largely refused to wear a mask, even as the federal guidance recommended Americans do so. He promoted the use of hydroxychloroquine, an anti-malarial drug, for treating coronavirus against the advice of medical experts. He elevated officials who had rosier outlooks on the pandemic and sidelined or pushed out those who warned about his approach. Since returning to office, Mr. Trump has elevated vaccine skeptics, and his administration has defunded vaccine research.

特朗普长期以来对医疗专业人士的建议表示怀疑，在第一任期内疫情期间，他经常无视官员的意见。他基本拒绝戴口罩，尽管联邦指导意见建议美国人这样做。他罔顾医学专家的建议，推广使用抗疟疾药物羟氯喹治疗新冠。他提拔对疫情持乐观态度的官员，排挤或驱逐那些对他的防疫措施提出警告的人。重返白宫后，特朗普提拔了多名疫苗怀疑论者，其政府还削减了疫苗研究资金。

Dr. Paul Friedrichs, a military combat surgeon and retired Air Force major general who helped lead the Covid-19 response in the Trump and Biden administrations, called the president’s comments “dangerous.”

军事战地外科医生、退役空军少将保罗·弗里德里希斯博士曾在特朗普和拜登政府领导新冠疫情应对工作，他称总统的言论“危险”。

“He is a very effective communicator with his political base, and his statements complicate the ability of health care providers to give advice to their patients,” he said. “It puts the patients in the middle of having to reconcile their belief in him as a political leader and the best advice from medical professionals.”

“他是一个非常有效的选民沟通者，但他的言论使医疗提供者难以为患者提供建议，”他说。“这让患者陷入两难境地，他们一方面相信作为政治领袖的他，一方面得到了医疗专业人士的最佳建议，需要在两者间权衡。”

Throughout his life, Mr. Trump has sought out opportunities to close deals and is quick to declare mission accomplished, even prematurely. He was eager for Monday’s announcement in part because he viewed it as delivering on another campaign promise, his advisers said, and he spent the last several days hyping it to his supporters.

特朗普一生都在寻找机会达成交易，并急于宣布任务完成，哪怕时机并不成熟。他的顾问说，他之所以急于在周一宣布此事，部分原因是认为这兑现了另一项竞选承诺，他在过去几天向支持者大肆宣传。

“I think we found an answer to autism,” he said on Sunday during his speech at the memorial service for the conservative activist Charlie Kirk. “How about that?”

“我认为我们找到了自闭症的答案，”他在周日为保守派活动家查理·柯克的悼念仪式上发表演讲时说。“这个厉害吧？”

Many of the president’s supporters applauded the announcement on Monday, expressing their appreciation that a presidential administration was committed to investigating the causes of autism. To illustrate that sentiment, Mr. Trump was joined on Monday by two mothers of children with autism who thanked the president for his focus on the issue. But even one of the mothers, Amanda Rumer, suggested that she was not completely sold on the link between the disease and the drug.

周一，总统的许多支持者为这一声明鼓掌，表达他们对一个致力于调查自闭症原因的政府的赞赏。为了说明这种情绪，特朗普在周一与两位自闭症儿童的母亲一同出现，她们感谢总统关注这个问题。但其中一位母亲阿曼达·鲁默暗示，她并不完全相信自闭症与药物之间的联系。

“I have no idea,” Ms. Rumer said in her remarks at the White House announcement. “I am completely open. I’m not blaming anything, but I’m open to the discussion and the fact that there’s work being done to find answers.”

“我不知道，”鲁默在白宫声明中说。“我完全持开放态度。我不责怪任何东西，但我对讨论持开放态度，也对正在进行寻找答案的工作感到满意。”

At the White House, the health officials backed up their announcement by referring to a recent scientific review by epidemiologists at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The article concluded that there was a link between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental disorders, but one of the co-authors of the study, Dr. Andrea Baccarelli, said more research was needed to determine whether there was a causal link.

在白宫，卫生官员通过引用哈佛陈曾熙公共卫生学院和西奈山伊坎医学院流行病学家最近的学术评述来支持他们的声明。这篇文章得出结论，孕期使用对乙酰氨基酚与神经发育障碍之间存在关联，但其中一位合著者安德烈亚·巴卡雷利博士表示，还需更多研究来确定是否存在因果关系。

The president was much less careful with his words, and White House officials said Mr. Trump’s excitement reflected his concern for the health of the American people.

总统的措辞远没有那么谨慎，白宫官员表示，特朗普的兴奋反映了他对美国人民健康的关注。

“The president was driven to run for office because of this conviction, and remains committed to using his executive authority and gold standard science to make America healthy again and address skyrocketing rates of autism and other chronic conditions,” Kush Desai, a White House spokesman, said in a statement.

“总统因这种信念而竞选公职，并致力于利用他的行政权力和金标准科学来恢复美国的健康，解决自闭症和其他慢性疾病激增的问题，”白宫发言人库什·德赛在一份声明中说。

But even some of Mr. Trump’s former advisers questioned the effectiveness of the announcement. Dr. Jerome Adams, who served as Mr. Trump’s surgeon general in his first term but has spoken out against his administration’s vaccine skepticism, criticized the news conference and pointed his followers to research that showed no causal link between Tylenol and autism.

但即使是特朗普的一些前顾问也质疑这一声明的有效性。曾在特朗普第一任期担任卫生总监的杰罗姆·亚当斯博士批评了这次新闻发布会，并反对其政府对疫苗的怀疑态度，他建议他的社媒关注者去查阅显示泰诺与自闭症无因果关系的研究。

“I honestly don’t see,” he wrote on social media, “how we are supporting worried parents by giving them false hope (telling them avoiding Tylenol will prevent autism), or laying false blame (insinuating their failure to “tough it out” caused their child’s autism).”

“我真的不明白，”他在社交媒体上写道，“我们如何通过让担忧的父母产生不切实际的期待（告诉他们避免服用泰诺就能预防自闭症），或施加错误责难（暗示他们因为没能‘扛过去’而导致了孩子的自闭症）来支持他们。”