Late last month, Washington’s intensifying contest with Beijing for control over tech supply chains spilled over in the Netherlands. The Dutch government, under pressure from U.S. officials, took control of the Chinese-owned chip maker Nexperia.

上月末，华盛顿与北京围绕科技供应链控制权的激烈争夺蔓延到了荷兰。在美国官员施压下，荷兰政府接管了中资控股的芯片制造商安世半导体。

Nexperia, which has its headquarters in the Netherlands but is owned by the Chinese company Wingtech, operates a complex, globe-spanning supply chain typical of chip manufacturing. The company designs older types of chips used in cars and electronics and employs thousands of people across Europe, the United States and Asia. Its factories press thin slabs of silicon in Britain and Germany, and assemble and test chips in China, the Philippines and Malaysia.

安世半导体总部位于荷兰，但其母公司是中国闻泰科技。该公司运营着芯片制造领域典型的复杂全球供应链，主要设计用于汽车和电子产品的非最尖端制程的芯片，在欧洲、美国和亚洲有数以千计的员工。其工厂在英国和德国的工厂压制薄硅片，在中国、菲律宾和马来西亚进行芯片封装测试。

On Sept. 30, the Dutch government declared that company decisions would now be determined by its minister of economic affairs, Vincent Karremans. Hours earlier, the United States had expanded the scope of a trade blacklist that meant Nexperia would face strict controls on its operations because its owner, Wingtech, was already on the list.

9月30日，荷兰政府宣布，该公司决策权将移交经济事务大臣文森特·卡雷曼斯。就在几小时前，美国扩大了贸易黑名单的范围——由于安世半导体的母公司闻泰科技在黑名单之列，这一调整意味着安世半导体的运营将面临严格管控。

In a statement on Sunday revealing its action, the Dutch government said it had moved to prevent Nexperia’s products from becoming unavailable in an emergency. But documents published in an Amsterdam court on Tuesday showed that months earlier, U.S. officials had pressured the Dutch government about the company’s ownership.

荷兰政府在周日发布的声明中解释了此次行动的原因，称此举是为了防止紧急情况下安世半导体的产品出现断供。但阿姆斯特丹一家法院周二公布的文件显示，早在数月前，美国官员就已就该公司的所有权问题向荷兰政府施压。

The U.S. Department of Commerce placed trade restrictions on Wingtech last December. In June, American officials told the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs that Nexperia could be next, unless the company replaced its Chinese chief executive, Zhang Xuezheng.

商务部去年12月对闻泰科技实施了贸易限制。今年6月，美国官员告知荷兰外交部，除非安世半导体更换其中国籍首席执行官张学政，否则该公司可能会面临同等的制裁。

“The fact that the company’s C.E.O. is still the same Chinese owner is problematic,” the American officials said, according to the court documents.

法院文件显示，美国官员当时表示：“该公司首席执行官仍由中方所有者担任，这一事实存在问题。”

Nexperia is just one of the companies caught in the middle of a battle for control of the global chip industry, as Washington and Beijing have claimed sweeping authority to control supply chains for semiconductors and minerals, critical inputs for everything from cars to artificial intelligence systems.

安世半导体只是卷入全球芯片产业控制权争夺战中的众多企业之一，当前，美国和中国都宣称拥有对半导体及矿物供应链的广泛管辖权，这些物资是从汽车到人工智能系统等各类产品的关键投入品。

As the United States and China flex their influence over supply chains, other countries will seek to unwind Chinese ownership of key technology assets on national security grounds, said Reva Goujon, a director at Rhodium Group, a research firm. Nexperia was an obvious target.

研究机构荣鼎集团董事雷瓦·古琼表示，随着美中不断强化对供应链的影响力，其他国家将以国家安全为由，寻求解除中资对关键技术资产的所有权。而安世半导体显然首当其冲。

The Chinese government has spent billions on the goal of boosting its domestic industries, and Chinese companies like the state-affiliated investors that sold Nexperia to Wingtech also ramped up acquisitions of foreign firms that make chips and other technologies.

中国政府已投入数十亿美元推动本土产业发展，同时中国企业也加速收购境外芯片与技术企业——其中不乏具有国资背景的投资者，例如曾将安世半导体出售给闻泰科技的机构。

While Chinese chip makers have struggled to make the cutting-edge chips that power advanced A.I. systems, they make an increasingly large share of older types of chips. Some officials in the United States and Europe have grown concerned that China could come to dominate the market for those chips. Even though they are less advanced, they are used in cars and a wide array of machinery and appliances.

尽管中国芯片制造商仍无法生产支撑先进人工智能系统的尖端芯片，但在非尖端制程芯片的生产领域，它们占据的市场份额正不断扩大。美国和欧洲的部分官员日益担忧中国可能会主导这类芯片的市场。尽管这些芯片技术含量较低，但它们广泛应用于汽车、各类机械设备及家用电器。

Now, many governments want these supply chains back under their control, Ms. Goujon said.

古琼指出，如今多国政府都希望重新掌控这类供应链。

“There have been some very big regrets,” Ms. Goujon said. “All these governments are very uncomfortable with that and would like to see these assets back in their possession.”

“各国政府对此深感懊悔，”古琼表示，“它们都对当前中资控股关键技术资产的局面感到不安，希望能重新收归己有。”

Days after the Dutch government took control of Nexperia, China’s Ministry of Commerce issued a notice barring Nexperia’s Chinese units from exporting some products, the company said in a statement on Tuesday.

在荷兰政府接管安世半导体数天后，该公司周二发布声明称，中国商务部发布通知，限制安世半导体在华子公司部分产品的出口。

The company is seeking an exemption from the Chinese controls and “has deployed all available resources to that end,” the statement said.

声明还提到，安世半导体正积极寻求获得中方出口管制豁免，“并已调动所有可用资源推进此事”。

China’s Ministry of Commerce has not publicly commented on its restrictions on Nexperia. He Yongqian, a spokeswoman for the ministry, said at a briefing on Thursday that Washington’s expanded controls had “seriously undermined the security and stability of the global industrial supply chain.”

中国商务部尚未就对安世半导体的限制措施公开发表评论。该部发言人何咏前在周四的新闻发布会上表示，美国扩大管控范围的做法“严重破坏全球产业链供应链的安全稳定”。

The Dutch government’s takeover of Nexperia was “a clear example of how the American rule harms the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies,” Ms. He said.

何咏前指出，荷兰政府接管安世半导体的行为，“是美‘穿透规则’损害中国企业正当权益的明显例证”。

Beijing exerted its influence over another part of global technology supply chain last week when it announced sweeping controls on critical minerals that are used in chips, cars, missiles and more. The new rules closely resembled American technology controls that Chinese officials have long criticized.

上周，中国政府也在全球科技供应链的另一领域展现影响力，宣布对用于芯片、汽车、导弹等产品的关键矿物实施全面管控。这些新规则与中国官员长期批评的美国技术管控措施高度相似。

The Chinese government also targeted an industry that it sees as crucial for its own security and economic growth: shipping. On Tuesday, Beijing imposed sanctions on American subsidiaries of the South Korean shipping company Hanwha, accusing them of “supporting and assisting” the United States with its shipbuilding industry.

此外，中国政府还将目标对准了其视为关乎自身安全与经济增长关键领域的产业——航运。周二，中国对韩国航运企业韩华集团的多家美国子公司实施制裁，指控这些子公司“支持和协助”美国发展造船业。

The order took effect immediately and bars Chinese companies and individuals from doing business with the Hanwha units.

该制裁令立即生效，禁止中国企业及个人与韩华集团的这些美国子公司开展业务往来。

Ms. Goujon at Rhodium Group said governments would continue to look for ways to regain control of critical technology manufacturing as the contest for influence between Washington and Beijing escalated. “This has been building for a long time,” she said.

荣鼎集团的古琼表示，随着美中影响力争夺不断升级，各国政府将继续寻找重新掌控关键技术制造领域的方法。“这种趋势已酝酿许久，”她说。