China has tightened controls on fentanyl precursor chemicals that the United States has said contributed to the flow of the powerful synthetic opioid to American shores.

中国加强了对芬太尼前体化学品的管控。美国称，这类化学品是导致这种强效合成阿片类药物流入美国境内的重要原因。

On Monday, China’s Ministry of Commerce and four other government agencies added 13 chemicals to a list that require a license in order to be exported to the United States, Mexico and Canada.

本周一，中国商务部等五部门将13种化学品列入管制清单，今后向美国、墨西哥及加拿大出口这些化学品需申请许可证。

The announcement appeared to be the latest step by Beijing to fulfill agreements made between the two countries when China’s top leader, Xi Jinping, met with President Trump in South Korea last month.

此次公告似乎是中国政府为履行上月国家主席习近平与特朗普总统在韩国会面时达成的协议而采取的最新举措。

Since the two leaders met on Oct. 30, the Chinese government also said it would suspend for one year export controls on critical minerals needed to make some semiconductors, explosives, armor-piercing ammunition, batteries and nuclear reactors.

自10月30日两国领导人会面以来，中国政府还宣布，将对制造半导体、炸药、穿甲弹、电池及核反应堆所需关键矿物的出口管制暂停一年。

Also on Monday, the Ministry of Commerce said it would suspend for one year sanctions against five American subsidiaries of the South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean, while the Ministry of Transport said it would suspend measures it had imposed in response to moves made by the United States against its shipping sector, including port fees. The U.S. Trade Representative had announced on Sunday that it was suspending its measures for one year.

同样在本周一，中国商务部宣布暂停对韩华海洋的五家美国子公司为期一年的制裁措施；交通运输部则表示，将暂停此前针对美国对中国航运业采取的措施（包括港口附加费）而实施的反制。此前美国贸易代表办公室已于周日宣布，将暂停相关措施一年。

Both countries are starting to implement what they agreed to at the summit, said Wu Xinbo, dean of the Institute of International Studies at Fudan University in Shanghai.

复旦大学国际问题研究院院长吴心伯表示，中美两国正着手落实该峰会达成的共识。

“We are moving from talking to implementation,” Mr. Wu said. “This will generate more momentum for the two sides to work on other issues on the bilateral agenda.”

他指出：“双方正从磋商阶段迈向落地执行阶段，这将为两国推进双边议程中的其他议题创造更大动力。”

特朗普总统与中国领导人习近平上月在韩国釜山会晤。

The flow of chemicals used to make fentanyl has been a major source of tension between Washington and Beijing.

芬太尼前体化学品的跨境流通，一直是引发中美两国关系紧张的主要根源之一。

Officials in Washington have accused Beijing of not doing enough to stem the flow of chemicals used to make the drug into the United States, where it kills tens of thousands of Americans each year.

美国政府官员指责中国在遏制相关化学品流入美国方面举措不力，而芬太尼在美国每年导致数万人死亡。

Chinese officials have blamed Washington, saying that the fentanyl crisis is rooted in an American failure to curb demand for the drug.

中国官员则对此作出反驳，称芬太尼危机的根源在于美国自身未能有效遏制国内对这类毒品的需求。

“There is a huge difference in how China and the United States view the issue,” said Song Guoyou, an expert on U.S.-China economic relations, also at Fudan University.

同样任职于复旦大学的中美经济关系专家宋国友表示：“中美两国在这一问题上的认知存在巨大差异。”

Officials in Washington say that companies in China are the largest source of precursor chemicals and equipment used to manufacture illicit fentanyl, which largely reaches the United States over land borders, primarily Mexico. Late last month, Mexico’s Security Ministry announced it had detained a Mexican and two Chinese nationals in Cuba after an international manhunt. On Oct. 30, Canada’s Border Services Agency announced that months earlier it had seized 4,300 liters of precursor chemicals from China.

华盛顿官员称，中国企业是制造非法芬太尼所需前体化学品和相关设备的最大来源地。这些非法芬太尼主要经陆路边境流入美国，其中墨西哥是主要中转通道。上月末，墨西哥安全部宣布，经过跨国追捕，在古巴抓获一名墨西哥公民和两名中国公民。10月30日，加拿大边境服务局通报称，数月前截获了4300升来自中国的芬太尼前体化学品。

The Trump administration cited the fentanyl issue when it imposed tariffs totaling 20 percent on Chinese goods earlier this year, kicking off escalating levies that forced trade between the world’s two largest economies to a virtual standstill.

特朗普政府于今年早些时候对中国商品加征20%的关税时，便将芬太尼问题列为理由之一。由此引发的关税战使两大经济体间的贸易几近停滞。

The meeting between Mr. Xi and Mr. Trump in South Korea resulted in a reduction in the U.S. fentanyl-related tariffs on Chinese goods, a suspension of port fees on Chinese ships and the delay of U.S. export controls that would have prevented more Chinese companies from acquiring American technology. In return, China agreed to restart purchases of American soybeans, enact a pause on its export controls on rare earths, and do more to curb the flow of fentanyl precursor chemicals.

习近平主席与特朗普总统在韩国的会面取得的成果包括：美国降低了针对中国商品的芬太尼相关关税，暂停对中国船舶征收港口附加费，并推迟实施原本会阻止更多中国企业获取美国技术的出口管制政策。作为回应，中国同意重启美国大豆采购，暂停对稀土的出口管制，并加大对芬太尼前体化学品的管控力度。

These were key steps in preventing further deterioration of economic and trade ties between the United States and China, Mr. Song said.

宋国友指出，这些举措是阻止中美经贸关系进一步恶化的关键步骤。

China’s National Narcotics Commission issued a notice on Monday directing Chinese companies to adhere to the country’s laws, including the newly tightened controls. The notice urged Chinese firms to verify overseas buyers and immediately stop transactions if buyers requested falsified packaging or information.

中国国家禁毒委员会于本周一发布通知，要求国内企业严格遵守包括新增管控措施在内的相关法律法规。通知同时督促中国企业核查境外采购方资质，若采购方要求提供虚假包装或虚假信息，需立即终止交易。

“This is a signal not only to the U.S. side but importantly to China’s domestic enterprises that the central government is serious in this endeavor,” Mr. Wu said.

吴心伯表示：“这一举措不仅是向美方释放信号，更重要的是向国内企业传递了中央政府坚决推进芬太尼管控工作的明确态度。”