Mexico’s Congress authorized up to 50 percent tariffs on Chinese imports on Wednesday, a move seen as an effort to align Mexico with the United States amid pressure from Washington.

墨西哥国会周三授权对中国进口商品加征最高50%的关税，此举被视为在华盛顿压力下，墨西哥与美国保持立场一致的重要举措。

On Wednesday morning, Mexico’s lower chamber of Congress approved the tariffs, which apply to China and other countries with which it does not have a trade deal. Mexico’s Senate then passed the bill in an expedited vote on Wednesday night. Seventy-six senators voted in favor versus only five against, while 35 abstained.

周三上午，墨西哥众议院通过了该关税法案，适用对象包括中国及其他与墨西哥无贸易协定的国家。当晚，墨西哥参议院以快速投票方式通过该法案，最终以76票赞成、五票反对、35票弃权的结果获得通过。

President Claudia Sheinbaum, who proposed the tariffs in September, is widely expected to approve the legislation, which would then take effect in January. The tariffs would affect a wide variety of goods, including automotive parts, textiles, furniture, plastics, steel and aluminum.

该关税提案由总统克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆于9月提出，外界普遍预计她将签署批准，法案将于明年1月正式生效。关税覆盖范围广泛，包括汽车零部件、纺织品、家具、塑料、钢铝等多种商品。

President Trump has been pressuring other nations to distance themselves from China, and the new Mexican tariffs would represent one of the biggest moves to do so yet.

特朗普总统一直向其他国家施压，要求它们与中国保持距离，而墨西哥此次加征关税是迄今为止最重大的响应举措之一。

China is the second largest exporter to Mexico after the United States, selling $130 billion in goods to Mexico last year. (The United States sold $334 billion to Mexico last year.)

中国是仅次于美国的墨西哥第二大进口来源国。去年中国对墨出口额达1300亿美元。（美国对墨出口额为3340亿美元）。

Ms. Sheinbaum has denied that the tariffs are to appease Washington. She has said they will help boost Mexico’s domestic manufacturing — a major priority of hers — and close its large trade deficit with China, which buys comparatively little from Mexico.

辛鲍姆否认加征关税是为了迎合华盛顿。她表示，此举将有助于推动墨西哥本土制造业发展——这是她的核心施政重点之一——同时缩小墨方对华巨额贸易逆差，中国目前从墨西哥进口的商品相对较少。

The Chinese government has strongly denounced the levies. It had warned Mexico to “think twice” and criticized moves made “under coercion to constrain China,” an allusion to Mr. Trump’s pressure.

中国政府已强烈谴责该关税措施，此前曾警告墨西哥“三思后行”，并批评这种“在他人胁迫下以各种名目对华设限”的行为，暗指特朗普政府的施压。

China’s Ministry of Commerce said in a statement on Thursday that the tariff increases would “substantially harm” it and Mexico’s other trading partners. It urged Mexico to “correct its erroneous practices of unilateralism and protectionism as soon as possible.” The ministry said a trade barrier investigation it initiated in September regarding Mexico is currently underway.

中国商务部周四在声明中表示，加征关税将“实质性损害”中国及墨西哥其他贸易伙伴的利益，敦促墨西哥“及早纠正这种单边主义、保护主义的错误做法”。商务部还透露，已于9月启动针对墨西哥的贸易壁垒调查，目前调查正在进行中。

The Trump administration has accused Mexico of being a backdoor for Chinese goods to enter the United States. To try to block that, the White House has put new tariffs on Mexican goods made with Chinese parts. As a result, some Mexican companies this year have shifted supply chains away from China, often with the help of the Mexican government.

特朗普政府指控墨西哥是中国商品进入美国的“后门”。为阻止这一情况，白宫已对含中国零部件的墨西哥商品加征新关税。受此影响，今年部分墨西哥企业已将供应链脱离中国，其中不少得到墨西哥政府协助。

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普与墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆及加拿大总理马克·卡尼进行会谈。美国与墨西哥互为最大贸易伙伴。

In its newly published National Security Strategy, the Trump administration said it was focused on strengthening its grip on the Western Hemisphere, including by keeping powers like China out of the region. “We want other nations to see us as their partner of first choice, and we will (through various means) discourage their collaboration with others,” it said.

特朗普政府在新发布的《国家安全战略》中明确表示，其重点是加强对西半球的掌控，包括阻止中国等国家进入该地区。文件称：“我们希望其他国家将我们视为首选合作伙伴，并将（通过多种方式）阻止它们与其他方合作。”

Washington has enormous leverage over Mexico. The two countries are each other’s largest trading partners, with $840 billion in trade last year, or seven times Mexico’s trade with China. The Trump administration recently kicked off what could be a contentious process to rework the trade deal between the United States, Canada and Mexico — an agreement Mr. Trump signed into law during his first term but has threatened to scrap.

华盛顿对墨西哥拥有巨大影响力。美墨互为最大贸易伙伴，去年双边贸易额达8400亿美元，是墨西哥对华贸易额的七倍。特朗普政府近期启动可能引发争议的程序，旨在重新谈判美加墨贸易协定——该协定由特朗普在第一任期签署生效，但他曾威胁要废除这一协议。

Mr. Trump has also repeatedly warned that he would like to use military force against drug cartels in Mexico, which Ms. Sheinbaum has said would be unacceptable. He has recently softened his stance as Mexico has increased cooperation on security, immigration and trade.

特朗普还多次警告称，考虑对墨西哥贩毒集团采取军事行动，辛鲍姆此前表示这一做法不可接受。随着墨西哥在安全、移民和贸易领域加强与美方合作，特朗普近期已软化相关立场。

The new tariff rates would vary depending on the import. They also apply to other countries that Mexico does not have a trade agreement with, including South Korea, Thailand and India. But China is by far the largest exporter affected.

新关税税率将根据进口商品种类有所不同，同时适用于韩国、泰国、印度等其他与墨西哥无贸易协定的国家，但中国是目前受影响最大的出口国。

Alejandra Barrales, a Mexican senator whose party opposes Ms. Sheinbaum, raised concerns about the tariffs and their potential to increase prices for Mexicans, particularly in the automotive industry.

来自反对党阵营的墨西哥参议员亚历杭德拉·巴雷莱斯对关税措施表示担忧，认为这可能导致墨西哥国内物价上涨，尤其会冲击汽车行业。

She said that Mexico was caught in the middle of a dispute between the world’s two largest economies: the United States and China.

她表示，墨西哥被夹在全球两大经济体美国和中国的争端中间。

“With this tariff proposal, Mexico will be defining who it is going to play with and it will be taking sides in a dispute that doesn’t seem simple at all,” she said before the proposal was approved.

“这份关税提案将决定墨西哥与谁为伍，使墨西哥在一场绝非简单的争端中选边站队，”她在提案通过前表示。