Chinese long-range artillery units fired 27 rockets into waters to the north and southwest of Taiwan that China had earlier declared to be live-fire zones, Gen. Hsieh Jih-sheng, a Taiwanese defense official, told a news conference in Taipei. China’s main state broadcaster, CCTV, said that the Chinese units unleashed dozens of rockets that struck the sea to the north of the island.

台湾国防部谢日升中将在台北的记者会上表示，中国远程炮兵部队向台湾北部及西南方向海域发射了27枚火箭弹，这些区域此前已被中方划定为实弹射击区。中国官方媒体央视报道称，解放军部队向台湾以北海域发射了数十枚火箭弹。

China’s military said its destroyers, frigates and fighter-bombers operated in nearby areas, where they tested their ability to spot and attack enemy aircraft, ships and submarines. It warned ships and aircraft not involved in the drills to stay away from seven live-fire zones, which were to be in force until the evening.

中国军方表示，这次演习出动了驱逐舰、护卫舰和战斗轰炸机在台湾周边区域展开行动，检验了侦测与打击敌方飞机、舰船及潜艇的作战能力。军方同时警告无关船舶与飞行器远离七个实弹演习区，这些管制区域将持续生效至当天晚间。

Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense said 11 Chinese navy ships and eight coast guard vessels came within 24 miles of Taiwan’s coast, a zone within which Taiwan enforces its laws. The ministry said Taiwanese forces responded by issuing radio calls for them to leave.

台湾国防部表示，11艘中国海军舰艇和八艘海警船进入距离台湾海岸24海里范围——该区域属台湾执法管辖范围。该部表示，台方部队通过无线电喊话要求对方驶离。

The two-day exercises, called “Justice Mission 2025,” had started a day earlier, when Chinese bombers, fighter jets, warships, drones and missile units made a show of force that was accompanied by combative rhetoric and martial videos online.

这场为期两天的“正义使命-2025”演习已于一天前展开，中国的轰炸机、战斗机、军舰、无人机和导弹部队纷纷亮相，同时配以强硬言辞和网络上的军事宣传视频。

“In troop numbers these weren’t necessarily the largest, but the scope of the exercises grows ever larger,” Geneneral Hsieh said. “I think the signal is very clear — that they see the Taiwan Strait as their internal waters,” he added.

“从兵力规模看未必是最大的，但演习范围持续扩大，”谢日升表示。他还说：“它想要传递的讯息非常简单，台海内水化。”

China’s actions appeared intended as a warning that the People’s Liberation Army was honing its abilities to cut off Taiwan from any outside efforts to come to the island’s aid in a conflict, said Chieh Chung, a researcher at the Institute for National Defense and Security Research in Taipei, an organization supported by the Taiwanese ministry of defense.

由台湾国防部提供支持的台北国防安全研究院研究员揭仲称，中国此举显然意在警示——解放军正磨砺其切断台湾与外界联系的能力，以防冲突时外部势力驰援该岛。该研究院获台湾国防部支持。

Several of the exclusion zones “appear designed to block an advance toward Taiwan by Japanese Self-Defense Forces or U.S. forces stationed in Japan,” Mr. Chieh said in an interview. “The position and large scale of these zones project a stance saying ‘I will keep out foreign forces.’”

揭仲在接受采访时指出：“多个禁航区似乎旨在阻断日本自卫队或驻日美军向台湾推进。这些区域的布局与庞大规模传递出‘阻截外部力量’的姿态。”

The exercises came after the administration of President Trump released details of more than $11 billion in proposed arms sales to Taiwan.

此次演习前，特朗普政府公布了总额逾110亿美元对台军售计划的细节。

周一，北京一块户外大屏幕上的军演报道画面。

The rockets were fired by Chinese long-range artillery units on the coast of Fujian, the mainland province opposite Taiwan, and landed outside the 24-mile boundary, Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense said.

台湾国防部表示，火箭弹由福建沿海的中国远程炮兵部队发射，落点位于24海里界线之外。福建是与台湾隔海相望的中国大陆省份。

Taiwan’s coast guard said the Chinese units used PCH191 launchers, a nimble, relatively cheap weapon that China has made in larger numbers as an alternative to bigger, more costly missile launchers. China’s military released a video that also showed one of the launchers, which is pulled by a truck, firing a volley of ammunition, which the video said landed in a patch of sea off Taiwan. In a real war, Taiwan may have difficulty intercepting rockets launched from such mobile units, military experts have said.

台湾海巡署称，中方部队使用了PCH191火箭炮，这是一种机动灵活、成本相对较低的武器，已投入量产，用以替代更庞大、更昂贵的导弹发射系统。中国军方还发布了一段视频，显示一辆卡车牵引的发射器齐射炮弹，并称这些炮弹落在台湾外海的一片海域。军事专家表示，若爆发实战，台湾可能难以拦截从这种机动发射平台发射的火箭。

“They can fire basically anywhere along the coast to range most, if not all, of Taiwan,” Joshua Arostegui, the research director of the China Landpower Studies Center at the U.S. Army War College and author of a paper about the PCH191 launcher, said in an earlier interview.

“它们基本上可以在沿海任何地方实施打击，射程覆盖台湾的大部分，甚至可能全部地区，”美国陆军战争学院中国陆地力量研究中心研究主任约书亚·阿罗斯特吉在早前采访中表示。他曾撰写过关于该型发射器的研究论文。

China’s military said it also sent amphibious assault ships, other warships and flying drones to the east of Taiwan, where their drills included “precision strike operations, and seizing and controlling key ports.” This is the direction from which the United States or its allies might approach in an attempt to defend Taiwan.

中国军方表示还向台湾以东海域出动了两栖攻击舰编队、驱护舰编队、无人机等兵力，演练内容包含“精兵破袭、夺控要港”。该方向正是美国或其盟友在试图防卫台湾时可能接近的方向。

China’s leaders have for decades said that Taiwan is their country’s lost territory, and that they may use armed force if prospects for peaceful unification evaporate. In recent years, China has staged exercises near Taiwan to demonstrate its anger at the island’s government, which has called Beijing a threat to the island’s democracy and self-rule.

数十年来，中国领导人一直表示，台湾是中国失去的领土，如果无法和平统一的话，他们可能会动用武力。近年来，中国多次在台湾附近举行演习，以表达对台湾政府的不满——台北方面称北京是对台湾民主和自治的威胁。

The current exercises ended an eight-month stretch of relative calm in the Taiwan Strait. With the abrupt resumption of drills, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, is apparently offering a sharp reminder to Taiwan — as well as other countries and China’s own people — that the People’s Liberation Army stands ready to attack the island, if ordered.

目前的这场演习打破了台湾海峡持续八个月的相对平静。随着军演的突然重启，中国领导人习近平显然在严厉警告台湾及其他国家——同时也是让国内民众知道——中国人民解放军已做好在接到命令时攻台的准备。

“External forces have recently crossed the line repeatedly on the Taiwan issue, recklessly attempting to embolden and encourage ‘Taiwan independence’ separatist forces,” Zhang Xiaogang, a spokesman for China’s Ministry of National Defense, said in comments issued late on Monday.

“近来外部势力在台湾问题上频频越界踩线，妄图给‘台独’分裂势力壮胆打气，”中国国防部发言人张晓刚在周一晚些时候发表的评论中说。

周二军演期间，中国军舰在平潭岛外海游弋。

The exercises came only a week after Mr. Xi appointed a new commander for the Chinese military’s Eastern Theater, the area that includes Taiwan, and appeared to be realistic training for a possible attack or blockade of the island, Ben Lewis, the founder of P.L.A. Tracker, a website that monitors Chinese military activities, said in an interview.

就在一周前，习近平刚任命了一位新的东部战区司令，该战区涵盖台海。追踪解放军动态的网站PLA Tracker的创始人本·路易斯指出，此次演习也是对潜在攻台或封锁行动的战备训练。

“It seemed to me that the Eastern Theater Command wanted to test and also demonstrate its ability to rapidly surge forces forward in order to, as they described, seize comprehensive control of sea and air domains,” Mr. Lewis said in an interview. “They were able to very quickly shift from their kind of routine posture to an exercise or an attack posture.”

“在我看来，东部战区意图检验并展示其快速集结军力、实现所谓‘夺取海空域全面控制权’的能力，”刘易斯在采访中表示。“他们能够从日常部署状态迅速转换为演习或实战攻击状态。”

China also may be trying to intimidate Japan, where the new prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, has indicated that her country could come to Taiwan’s aid if China attacked it, and has stood firm despite China’s warnings and boycotts. The exercises also came after the U.S. administration released details of more than $11 billion in proposed arms sales to Taiwan.

中国也可能是在试图震慑日本。日本新任首相高市早苗表示，如中国攻击台湾，日本可能会提供援助，并在中国的警告与抵制面前依然态度强硬。这轮演习还发生在美国政府公布对台逾110亿美元拟议军售细节之后。

A spokesman for the Chinese military indicated that the exercises were meant to warn off other countries that may offer support for the island-democracy.

中国军方发言人表示，此次演习旨在警告可能向这个岛屿民主政体提供支持的其他国家。

Through the exercises Chinese leaders appeared to be trying to demonstrate “that Japan would and could do nothing” to defend Taiwan, said Yun Sun, the director of the China Program at the Stimson Center in Washington.

华盛顿史汀生中心中国项目主任孙韵表示，中国领导人似乎正试图通过演习展示“日本在防卫台湾问题上将无所作为且无能为力”。

“I actually think the Japan angle is the primary driver of China’s decision on the military exercise,” she said. “China has backed itself into a corner by accepting nothing less than Takaichi’s formal withdrawal of her comment. That is not going to happen.”

“我其实认为，日本这一层因素，是中国决定进行这次军事演习的主要驱动力，”她说。“中国已将自己逼入绝境，坚持要求高市早苗正式收回言论——而这显然不会发生。”

China appears to have positioned three of its seven live-fire exercise zones to show it could block sea and air traffic between Taiwan and Japan, said Chieh Chung, a researcher at the Institute for National Defense and Security Research in Taipei, an organization supported by the Taiwanese ministry of defense. This “lines up precisely” with a goal of trying to block intervention in a possible conflict by Japanese forces or U.S. forces based in Japan, he said in written comments.

由台湾国防部提供支持的台北国防安全研究院研究员揭仲分析，中国在其设定的七个实弹演习区中，有三个区域的选择似乎旨在显示，它有能力切断台湾与日本之间的海空交通。他在书面评论中说，这种部署“精准对应”了它试图阻止日本自卫队或驻日美军干预潜在冲突的目标。

Mr. Xi also appears to have calculated that two days of exercises will not disrupt relations with President Trump ahead of a planned summit in April, said several experts. At the Beijing summit, Mr. Xi may try to persuade Mr. Trump to declare opposition to Taiwanese independence, or at least restate the longstanding U.S. position that its does not support moves toward independence, said Bonnie S. Glaser, the managing director of the Indo-Pacific program at the German Marshall Fund of the United States.

多位专家表示，习近平似乎还判断，两天的演习不会影响中美关系——两国计划于4月举行元首会晤。德国马歇尔基金会印太项目执行主任葛来仪(Bonnie S. Glaser)说，在北京举行的峰会上，习近平可能会尝试说服特朗普公开反对台湾独立，或者至少重申美国长期以来不支持台湾走向独立的立场。

When asked about the exercises during a news conference on Monday, Mr. Trump appeared unperturbed.

在周一的新闻发布会上被问及这次演习时，特朗普显得并不在意。

“They’ve been doing that for 20, 25 years,” he said.

“他们已经这样做了20、25年了，”他说。