Andrew here. Silicon Valley is locked in a heated debate over new open-weight A.I. models out of China, with critics claiming they were “distilled” — read: stolen — from U.S. counterparts. Against this backdrop, the Trump administration and Chinese officials are expected to discuss A.I. regulation ahead of President Xi’s meeting with Trump on Sept. 24.

我是安德鲁。硅谷正陷入一场关于来自中国的新型开放权重人工智能模型的激烈辩论，批评人士声称这些模型是从美国同类模型中蒸馏而来的——换句话说，就是偷的。在此背景下，预计在9月24日习近平主席与特朗普会晤之前，特朗普政府与中国官员将就人工智能监管问题进行讨论。

The big question: Will Washington move to block Chinese open-weight models from the U.S.? And will this become a new chess piece in trade negotiations?

最大的问题是：华盛顿是否会采取行动阻止中国开放权重模型进入美国？这是否会成为贸易谈判中的新棋子？

A.I. protectionism

人工智能保护主义

The U.S.-China race for artificial intelligence dominance has shifted drastically in recent weeks, as more Chinese models (that are largely open-weight) mostly matched the best Western offerings.

最近几周，美中争夺人工智能主导地位的竞赛发生了急剧变化，因为更多中国模型（主要是开放权重模型）在性能上已基本可与西方顶尖产品相媲美。

New reports suggest that Washington and Beijing are weighing steps to protect and advance their national industries — which many in the industry believe could pose more problems than they solve.

新的报道表明，华盛顿和北京正在权衡保护和推进本国产业的措施——业内许多人认为，这些措施带来的问题可能比解决的问题还要多。

Some in the Trump administration are pushing for limits on foreign models. The emergence of powerful new open-weight Chinese models from Z.ai and Moonshot AI, which are cheaper to use than closed Western models, have reinvigorated efforts to effectively ban such tools, Axios reports, citing unnamed sources:

特朗普政府中的一些人正在推动对外国模型实施限制。据Axios援引未具名消息人士的报道，智谱AI和月之暗面推出的强大新型中国开放权重模型使用成本低于封闭的西方模型，这重新激发了旨在实际上封禁此类工具的努力：

The Commerce Department last year considered adding multiple Chinese A.I. labs to its “Entity List,” which would effectively cut off U.S. access without a license, a source close to the administration told Axios.

一位接近政府的消息人士告诉Axios，商务部去年曾考虑将多个中国人工智能实验室列入其“实体清单”，这实际上将切断未经许可的美国企业对这些实验室的访问权限。

The National Security Agency and White House Office of the National Cyber director also considered putting out an advisory on Chinese A.I. lab threats last year, practically discouraging U.S. companies from using their tech, the source said.

该消息人士称，美国国家安全局和白宫国家网络总监办公室去年曾考虑发布一份关于中国人工智能实验室威胁的警告，实际上是劝阻美国公司不要使用相关技术。

These voices have gained power in the administration, especially as critics of the approach — including David Sacks, the former White House A.I. czar; Sriram Krishnan, a top White House A.I. adviser; and Chris Fall, the director of the Commerce Department’s Center for A.I. Standards and Innovation — have departed.

随着这种做法的批评者纷纷离职——包括前白宫人工智能沙皇戴维·萨克斯、白宫人工智能高级顾问斯里拉姆·克里希南以及商务部人工智能标准与创新中心主任克里斯·福尔，这些声音在政府中获得了更大的影响力。

• Leaders of A.I. giants, including Dario Amodei of Anthropic and Sam Altman of OpenAI, have pushed for mandatory government testing and even licenses for frontier models, in the name of safety. Some have also argued against open-source models.

· 包括Anthropic的达里奥·阿莫迪和OpenAI的萨姆·奥特曼在内的人工智能巨头领导者以安全为名，一直推动政府对前沿模型实施强制性测试，甚至要求为前沿模型颁发许可证。一些人也曾公开反对开源模型。

Prominent industry figures are still pushing back, arguing that — contra the views of Amodei and Altman — open-source A.I. is good because it forces leading labs to compete on capability and price.

业内知名人士仍在提出异议。与阿莫迪和奥特曼的观点相反，他们认为，开源人工智能是有益的，因为它迫使领先的实验室在能力和价格方面展开竞争。

• “Lobbyists are urging Washington to treat open-model A.I. as a security threat. In fact, it is something more familiar: proper competition that should be welcomed,” Bill Gurley, the veteran venture capital investor, wrote in an opinion piece in The Washington Post

· “游说者正敦促华盛顿将开放模型的人工智能视为安全威胁。事实上，这是一种更常见的情况：是应该受到欢迎的正当竞争，”资深风险投资家比尔·格利在《华盛顿邮报》的专栏文章中写道。

• “The leading closed labs, already a duopoly in terms of A.I. model revenue, want the government to eliminate their open source competition,” Sacks wrote on X.

· “在人工智能模型收入方面已形成双头垄断的顶尖封闭实验室希望政府为他们消除开源的竞争对手，”萨克斯在X平台上写道。

China is reportedly weighing limits for its own models. The country’s commerce ministry has been considering ways to limit foreign companies from getting access to key A.I. and chip-making data or from acquiring important tech start-ups, The Financial Times reports, citing unnamed sources.

据报道，中国正在考虑对其本土模型实施限制。据《金融时报》援引未具名消息人士的报道称，中国商务部一直在考虑采取措施，限制外国公司获取关键的人工智能和芯片制造数据，或阻止它们收购重要的科技初创企业。

What to watch: The U.S. and China are set to hold talks in September over how to regulate their increasingly powerful models, according to Reuters.

关注焦点：据路透社报道，美中定于9月就如何监管两国日益强大的人工模型举行会谈。

Andy Burnham’s day began with a visit to a homeless shelter in central London, where he chopped mushrooms and chatted with other helpers preparing breakfast.

这一天，安迪·伯纳姆先是去了伦敦市中心一家无家可归者收容所，他在那里切蘑菇，并与其他正在制作早餐的志愿者聊天。

A few hours later, by now wearing a suit and tie, he shook hands with King Charles III in the gilded splendor of Buckingham Palace. Accepting the monarch’s request to form a government, Mr. Burnham, who was named leader of the governing Labour Party on Friday, became Britain’s seventh prime minister after a decade of extraordinary turbulence.

几个小时后，换上西装领带的他在金碧辉煌的白金汉宫与国王查尔斯三世握手。于周五被任命为执政党工党领袖的伯纳姆接受了君主的组建政府请求，成为英国在这动荡不安的十年里的第七位首相。

Mr. Burnham’s early-morning trip to the homeless charity seemed designed to send a signal to the country about his priorities, and to underscore his pledge to tackle social issues and reshape British politics.

清晨的无家可归者慈善机构之行似乎旨在向全国发出关于其优先事项的信号，并强调他关于解决社会问题和重塑英国政治的承诺。

On a day of ritual and ceremony, Mr. Burnham pledged in a short speech outside 10 Downing Street to “put the care of people at the heart of everything I do.” He described his move into Britain’s top job as a “circuit-breaker moment” to change the direction taken by a succession of neoliberal governments over the past four decades that favored privatization and deindustrialized the country.

在这个充满仪式和典礼的日子里，伯纳姆在唐宁街10号外发表简短演讲，承诺“将关爱民众置于我所做一切的核心”。他将自己入主英国最高职位描述为一个“断路器时刻”，要改变过去四十年来一系列新自由主义政府所走的方向——这些政府偏好私有化并导致国家去工业化。

“I know people at home are fed up with politics,” he told the public, speaking without notes and minus the lectern that prime ministers usually speak from outside Downing Street. “I hear you, and I want to be honest with you: We have not been good enough, and we need to be better. We will be.”

“我知道国内民众对政治已经厌倦，”伯纳姆对公众说——他没有讲稿，也没有使用首相通常在唐宁街外演讲时会用的讲台。“我听到了你们的声音，我想诚实地告诉你们：我们做得不够好，我们需要做得更好。我们会的。”

周一，伯纳姆在维多利亚区“通道”无家可归者慈善机构切蘑菇。

The speed of Mr. Burnham’s ascent to the top job in British politics is striking. Earlier this year, his path to Downing Street seemed blocked when he was prevented from running for a parliamentary seat that he needed to challenge Prime Minister Keir Starmer. But after a disastrous set of elections in Scotland, Wales and English municipalities in May, Mr. Starmer had to relent and allow Mr. Burnham to run in a special election — which he won emphatically.

伯纳姆在英国政坛升至最高位的速度令人瞩目。今年早些时候，他的唐宁街之路似乎被堵死，当时他被阻止参选一个议会席位，而那是挑战首相基尔·斯塔默所必需的。但在5月苏格兰、威尔士和英格兰地方选举惨败后，斯塔默不得不让步，允许伯纳姆参加补选——他以压倒性优势获胜。

That put him in pole position to succeed Mr. Starmer, whose popularity had sunk to some of the lowest levels recorded for a British prime minister, just two years after winning a general election in 2024.

这让他处于接替斯塔默的有利位置。斯塔默在2024年赢得大选仅两年后，支持率已跌至英国首相有记录以来的最低水平之一。

Supporters hope Mr. Burnham will revive his party’s fortunes after more than a year during which the populist right-wing party Reform U.K. has led opinion polls, albeit with about 25 percent of voter support.

支持者希望伯纳姆能重振工党的势头，此前一年多时间里，民粹右翼政党“英国改革党”一直领先民调，尽管支持率仅约为25%。

Mr. Burnham’s rise follows a period of political turmoil that began with the Brexit vote in 2016, when voters severed ties to the European Union. In his speech Mr. Burnham, the first lifelong Roman Catholic to become Britain’s prime minister, said he would move quickly to announce measures to ease the burden on voters frustrated with stagnating living standards and impatient for change.

伯纳姆的崛起之时，英国正处在以2016年英国脱欧公投为开端的一段动荡期，在那场公投中，选民决定切断与欧盟的联系。作为英国首位笃信罗马天主教的首相，伯纳姆在演讲中表示，他将迅速宣布措施，以减轻选民因生活水平停滞不前而产生的负担，并满足他们对变革的迫切期待。

Promising to “give people some breathing space now,” he said he would explain how such measures would be financed in the coming days. He also said that later this year he would propose a 10-year plan for the country.

他承诺“立即着手给人们一些喘息空间”，并表示将在未来几天解释这些措施的资金来源。他还说，今年晚些时候将提出一个为期10年的国家计划。

Earlier in the day, Mr. Starmer made his final appearance as prime minister. “My work is done,” he declared in a brief farewell speech, saying that he left “with good grace and a smile.”

当天早些时候，斯塔默作为首相进行了最后一次公开露面。“我的工作完成了，”他在简短的告别演讲中宣布，并表示自己“带着从容和微笑”离开。

查尔斯三世国王在白金汉宫迎接伯纳姆。

By Monday evening, many of Mr. Starmer’s closest allies had been ousted from the government as Mr. Burnham began forming his cabinet. In a surprise appointment, John Healey, a former defense secretary, was given the critical job of chancellor of the Exchequer, overseeing the nation’s finances, replacing Rachel Reeves, who left the cabinet.

到周一晚上，随着伯纳姆开始组建内阁，斯塔默的许多最亲密盟友已被逐出政府。一项出人意料的任命是前国防大臣约翰·希利成为财政大臣，负责国家财政，接替离开内阁的雷切尔·里夫斯。

A political veteran, Mr. Healey is regarded as a safe pair of hands, and he was a junior minister in the Treasury in Prime Minister Tony Blair’s government. Mr. Healey resigned as defense secretary in June, arguing that a proposed increase in British military spending was insufficient, a move that destabilized Mr. Starmer’s leadership.

作为政坛老手，希利被视为可靠人选，他曾在托尼·布莱尔首相政府中担任财政部次长。希利于6月辞去国防大臣职务，原因是认为英国增加军费开支的提案不够充分，这一举动动摇了斯塔默的领导地位。

In his new job, Mr. Healey will now have to find the money needed to upgrade Britain’s armed forces. But his appointment may reassure some of those in the financial markets who were worried by speculation that the job might go to Ed Miliband, who is seen as being more to the left of the Labour Party than Ms. Reeves.

在新职位上，希利现在必须找到升级英国武装部队所需的资金。但他的任命可能会让金融市场中的一些人安心，此前他们担心该职位可能由被视为比里夫斯更左倾的埃德·米利班德担任。

Mr. Miliband, a former Labour leader, was named foreign secretary, while Shabana Mahmood kept her job as home secretary, a signal that Mr. Burnham is largely backing her efforts to crack down on legal and illegal migration. David Lammy, who was deputy prime minister under Mr. Starmer, announced that he would be leaving government.

前工党领袖米利班德被任命为外交大臣，而沙巴娜·马哈茂德继续担任内政大臣，这表明伯纳姆大体支持她打击合法和非法移民的努力。曾在斯塔默手下担任副首相的戴维·拉米宣布将离开政府。

Mr. Burnham is also expected to shift some aspects of Mr. Starmer’s agenda on energy. Lucy Powell, Labour’s deputy leader and a close Burnham ally, said on Sunday that he would take “a more pragmatic approach” to North Sea gas and oil than Mr. Starmer, but added, “I don’t think it is a change of policy, more a change of emphasis.”

伯纳姆还预计将调整斯塔默的能源政策的某些方面。工党副领袖、伯纳姆的亲密盟友露西·鲍威尔周日表示，他对北海天然气和石油将采取“更务实的态度”，但补充说：“我不认为这是政策改变，更像是重点的调整。”

伯纳姆周一在唐宁街发表讲话。

In a post on Truth Social on Sunday, President Trump appeared to welcome — if exaggerate — the expected change in energy policy. People in the Scottish port city of Aberdeen, he claimed, were “dancing in the streets because the new Prime Minister, Andy Burnham, has stated that he will be opening up, all the way, the invaluable North Sea Oil!”

周日，特朗普总统在Truth Social上发帖，似乎对能源政策的预期变化表示欢迎——尽管可能有些夸张。他声称，苏格兰阿伯丁港市的人们“正在街头起舞，因为新首相安迪·伯纳姆表示，他将全面开放宝贵的北海石油！”

Mr. Burnham spoke to Mr. Trump shortly after he became prime minister, Downing Street said. According to a readout of the call, he congratulated the president on a successful run as a co-host of the World Cup. And Mr. Burnham, who was mayor of Greater Manchester for the past nine years, invited Mr. Trump to the city for a visit.

唐宁街表示，伯纳姆就任首相后不久便与特朗普通话。根据通话摘要，他祝贺特朗普成功举办世界杯。担任大曼彻斯特市长九年的伯纳姆还邀请特朗普访问该市。

In his speech, Mr. Burnham immediately announced one concrete new policy, saying he would end “rough sleeping,” a British term for homelessness. It is an ambitious — and some have argued impossible — goal, but one that is close to his heart; he donated 15 percent of his annual salary to homelessness charities during his nine years as mayor of Greater Manchester.

在演讲中，伯纳姆立即宣布了一项具体新政策，表示他将结束“露宿”，这是英国人对无家可归的一种称呼。这是一个雄心勃勃——有人认为不可能实现——的目标，但对他来说意义重大；他在担任大曼彻斯特市长九年间，曾将年薪的15%捐赠给无家可归者慈善机构。

Mr. Burnham pledged to end homelessness when he was mayor, too. The number of rough sleepers did drop significantly in his city by 2020, but a report earlier this year in the The Mill, a Manchester newspaper, found that it had increased steadily over the past four years.

伯纳姆担任市长时也承诺结束无家可归现象。到2020年，该市露宿者数量确实大幅下降，但曼彻斯特报纸《The Mill》今年早些时候的报道发现，过去四年里这一数字又稳步上升。

At the homeless shelter on Monday morning, Mr. Burnham addressed that.

周一上午在无家可归者收容所，伯纳姆谈到了这一点。

“We ran a scheme every night, 600 beds, called ‘A bed every night,’” he recounted, “and we funded it through various different ways. But we were the only place that was doing it, and you won’t be able to get the numbers down if you’re the only place.”

“我们每晚都实施一项‘每晚一床’的计划，提供600张床位，”他回忆道，“我们通过各种不同方式筹集资金。但我们是唯一这么做的地方，如果你只是孤军奋战，就无法把数字降下来。”

Other homeless people, he said, came to Manchester because of the support available.

他说，其他无家可归者因为这里提供的支持而来到曼彻斯特。

“So it taught me that the only way is to do this together,” Mr. Burnham said.

“所以这让我明白，唯一的办法是共同行动，”伯纳姆说。

He was like a kid with a new toy. As President Trump began flying the new Air Force One, he raved about the luxury plane donated by Qatar. “Truly magnificent,” he said. “Truly spectacular,” he added. “There’s just nothing like it,” he emphasized.

他就像个得到新玩具的孩子。特朗普总统乘上崭新的“空军一号”，对这架由卡塔尔捐赠的豪华飞机赞不绝口。“真是太宏伟了，”他说。“真是太壮观了，”他还说。“没有比它更棒的了，”他强调说。

And in a sense he was right. The new plane with its gold fixtures and reclining massage chairs was unlike the old one that presidents have traveled in for generations: It is believed to lack the same defensive countermeasures that the old model had to keep the flying commander in chief safe, as The New York Times has reported.

从某种意义上说，他是对的。这架配备金色固定装置和可躺式按摩椅的新飞机与历代总统乘坐的旧飞机截然不同：正如《纽约时报》报道，据信，新飞机没有旧机型所具备的、用于保障三军统帅飞行途中安全的同等防御对抗措施。

The furor over the new plane and its security drawbacks serves as a reminder of the evolution in presidential travel and efforts to keep the country’s leaders safe when they leave the fortresslike confines of the White House.

对这架新飞机及其安全隐患的争议令人们思考总统出行的演变，以及当国家领导人离开堡垒般的白宫后的种种安保措施。

The modern president rides in an armored limousine nicknamed “the Beast” that in theory could survive explosions, and flies in specially built Marine helicopters designed to defend against attacks from the ground.

现代总统乘坐的装甲轿车绰号“野兽”，理论上能抵御爆炸；总统乘坐的直升机则是专为抵御地面袭击而设计的特制海军陆战队直升机。

2023年拜登总统访问北爱尔兰。这辆装甲总统专车的绰号是“野兽”。

But nothing has projected the political majesty that Air Force One has over the years. With its blue-and-white design and the words “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” emblazoned on the side, the plane has become a grand symbol of American power, recognized around the world. It’s even the star of its own action-adventure movie named after it.

但多年来，没有任何交通工具能像“空军一号”那样彰显政治威严。这架飞机采用蓝白相间的设计，机身侧面醒目地印有“美利坚合众国”字样，是美国实力的宏大象征，享誉全球。它还是一部动作冒险电影的主角，影片的名字就叫做《空军一号》。

When they have left office, presidents as disparate as George W. Bush and Barack Obama have lamented that one of the things they miss most about their time in power was the plane. (“Never lost my baggage,” Mr. Bush noted. No T.S.A. lines and “taking your shoes off and all that,” Mr. Obama pointed out.)

从小布什到奥巴马，无论多么风格迥异，卸任总统们都曾感叹，关于执政时期，最令他们怀念的事情之一就是那架专机。（“我的行李从来没有丢过，”小布什说。奥巴马则说，不用排队过机场安检，也不用“脱鞋检查之类的”。）

2001年，小布什总统在飞往新奥尔良的途中，于“空军一号”上的私人休息舱内小憩。

But none fixated on the aircraft as much as Mr. Trump. In his first term, he was so intent on replacing it with a new, splashier plane that he had a model of what it would look like in the Oval Office, then took the model with him when he left and displayed it in the lobby at Mar-a-Lago. Now in his second term, he finally has the real thing, which he had painted red, white and blue.

但没有人像特朗普那样对专机如此痴迷。在第一任期内，他一心想用一架更惹眼的新飞机来替换它，甚至在椭圆形办公室里放了一个新飞机的模型，并在卸任时将模型带走，陈列在马阿拉歌庄园的大堂里。如今在他的第二任期，他终于拥有了真正的新飞机，并让人将其涂成了红、白、蓝三色。

去年，椭圆形办公室的一张桌子上摆放着新型“空军一号”的模型。

What would George Washington have thought? The first president, after all, had only a horse at his disposal. Here is a short history of presidential travel.

乔治·华盛顿会作何感想？毕竟，这位首任总统当时只有一匹马可供驱使。以下是关于总统出行的一段简史。

一幅版画，描绘了乔治·华盛顿将军骑马进入特伦顿的情景，当时他正前往纽约，准备于1789年宣誓就任美国首任总统。

Washington enjoyed a little pomp at his first inauguration, arriving for the ceremony in a horse-drawn carriage. But by the end of the day, when he was trying to return to the presidential mansion to rest, the streets were so crowded that he had to abandon the carriage and walk the rest of the way.

华盛顿在首次就职典礼上享受了一点排场，乘着马车抵达典礼现场。但到典礼结束时，他试图返回总统官邸休息，街道上拥挤不堪，他不得不放弃马车，步行走完了剩下的路程。

When Mr. Trump arrived at the White House on the first day of his first term, by contrast, he was carried in a hermetically-sealed, bulletproof limousine. Officially code-named Stagecoach by the Secret Service, the car is more commonly called the Beast, the nickname bestowed by the news media when the first version of it was introduced in 2001 for Mr. Bush’s first inauguration.

相比之下，当特朗普第一任期的第一天抵达白宫时，乘坐的是一辆密闭的防弹豪华轿车。这辆车被特勤局官方命名为“驿马车”， 但更广为人知的名字是“野兽”，这个绰号是2001年小布什首次就职典礼上，媒体给它的首代车型起的称呼。

2017年，名为“野兽”的座驾载着特朗普总统驶过就职典礼游行路线。

The latest version came into service in 2018 during Mr. Trump’s first term. And in situations where the terrain is more rugged, the president rides in an S.U.V. version of the Beast, called the “Camp Package” after Camp David. A new version was introduced this year.

最新版本于2018年特朗普第一任期内投入使用。而在地形更为崎岖的情况下，总统会乘坐“野兽”的SUV版本，它因戴维营而得名“营地版”。今年又推出了一款新版本。

The history of presidential travel has a long arc bent toward isolation and heightened security measures. During the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln often commuted alone by horse from the Soldiers’ Home retreat to the White House; at some point Mary Todd Lincoln grew concerned and insisted that soldiers ride along with him.

总统出行的历史有着一条漫长的发展轨迹，其趋势是日益与外界隔离，安全措施不断强化。在美国内战期间，林肯总统经常独自骑马往返于位于士兵之家的隐居处和白宫之间；后来，玛丽·托德·林肯对此感到担忧，并坚持要求有士兵陪同他骑行。

President Franklin D. Roosevelt loved to drive himself in a car using special hand controls because of his polio. Following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, open presidential motorcades were a thing of the past, and with few exceptions, modern presidents never drive themselves.

富兰克林·罗斯福总统由于患有小儿麻痹症，喜欢驾驶一辆配有特殊手控装置的汽车。在肯尼迪总统遇刺后，敞篷式总统车队成为了历史。除了极少数例外，现代总统从不亲自开车。

1940年，富兰克林·罗斯福总统在访问佐治亚州期间，亲自驾驶汽车载着加拿大总理W·L·麦肯齐·金。

A turning point in presidential security was the 1901 assassination of President William McKinley, who was gunned down at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. After that, the Secret Service, which had only protected the president part-time, took on the duty of guarding him full-time.

总统安保工作的一个转折点是1901年麦金莱总统遇刺案，他在布法罗的泛美博览会上遭枪击身亡。此后，此前仅负责总统部分时间安保工作的特勤局开始承担起全天候护卫总统的职责。

But this was also a time of immense change on the presidential travel front. Mr. McKinley was the first president to ride in a motor vehicle and President Theodore Roosevelt the first to ride in an automobile owned by the government. His successor, President William Howard Taft, bought a few cars for the White House and converted the stables into a garage.

但这也是总统出行方式发生巨大变化的时期。麦金莱是第一位乘坐机动车的总统，而西奥多·罗斯福总统则是第一位乘坐政府所有的汽车的总统。他的继任者塔夫脱总统为白宫购买了几辆汽车，并将马厩改建成了车库。

1910年代初期，塔夫脱乘坐一辆皮尔斯·阿罗66型旅行车，这是首批官方总统专车之一。

Woodrow Wilson was the first president to visit Europe while in office, crossing the Atlantic on the S.S. George Washington twice to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles, which formally ended World War I.

威尔逊是第一位在任期间访问欧洲的总统，他两次乘坐“乔治·华盛顿号”轮船横跨大西洋，以谈判并签署正式结束第一次世界大战的《凡尔赛条约》。

Many Americans might be surprised that presidents had their own yacht for about a century. From 1880 to 1977, a succession of different ships acted as the “Floating White House.” The 273-foot-long U.S.S. Mayflower was the first luxury version, and Theodore Roosevelt used it during his efforts to broker an end to the Russo-Japanese War.

许多美国人可能会惊讶地发现，在大约一个世纪的时间里，总统们拥有自己的游艇。从1880年到1977年，一艘又一艘不同的船只曾充当过“水上白宫”。约83米的“五月花号”是第一艘豪华版游艇，西奥多·罗斯福在努力斡旋结束日俄战争期间曾使用过它。

His distant cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt discussed D-Day plans with Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower aboard the U.S.S. Sequoia. But President Jimmy Carter sold the Sequoia shortly after taking office as a gesture to presidential modesty following Watergate.

他的远房堂弟富兰克林·罗斯福曾在美国海军“红杉号”上与艾森豪威尔将军讨论诺曼底登陆计划。但卡特总统在就职后不久就卖掉了“红杉号”，以此作为水门事件后彰显总统谦逊的姿态。

“红杉号”是曾作为总统游艇使用的多艘船只之一，于1932年停靠在华盛顿。

Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first sitting president to travel by plane, a Douglas VC-54C Skymaster nicknamed “the Sacred Cow.” He flew to overseas summit meetings with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Britain and, eventually, the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, including in Casablanca, Tehran and Yalta.

富兰克林·罗斯福是第一位乘飞机出行的在任总统，他乘坐的是一架绰号为“神圣母牛”的道格拉斯VC-54C“天空大师”客机。他乘机前往海外参加与英国首相丘吉尔以及后来的苏联独裁者斯大林的最高首脑会议，包括在卡萨布兰卡、德黑兰和雅尔塔的会议。

第一架总统专机是一架道格拉斯C-54型飞机，人们亲切地称它为“神圣母牛”。

But it was Mr. Kennedy who made the president’s plane an international icon. It was he who directed that a Boeing 707 reserved for presidential use be painted blue and white. He also wanted the lettering of “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” to mirror the look of the words on the Declaration of Independence.

但让总统专机成为国际标志的是肯尼迪总统。他指示将一架专供总统使用的波音707客机涂成蓝白相间。他还要求机身上“美利坚合众国”的字体与《独立宣言》上的字体相呼应。

Every president since then flew in planes with the same design, but Mr. Trump did not like it and insisted on the red, white and blue paint job.

自那以后，每一位总统乘坐的飞机都采用了相同的设计，但特朗普却不喜欢它，坚持要将其涂成红、白、蓝三色。

Air Force One is actually the official code name for any plane in which the president flies, but for decades there have been two primary planes, specially equipped Boeing 747-200Bs that presidents flew, until Mr. Trump’s donated Qatari luxury jet. They were delivered in 1990 during President George H.W. Bush’s administration.

“空军一号”实际上是总统乘坐的任何飞机的官方代号，但在过去几十年里，历任总统主要乘坐的两架飞机是经过特别改装的波音747-200B，直到特朗普获得卡塔尔捐赠的那架豪华喷气式飞机。那两架旧飞机是在1990年老布什总统执政期间交付的。

两架VC-25A飞机于2023年在飞往日本的途中，于阿拉斯加进行空中加油停靠。这些改装自波音747的飞机于20世纪90年代开始服役。

Mr. Trump complains that the current planes are old and not as impressive as the luxury jets flown by Arab royals. “It’s like from a different planet,” he said.

特朗普抱怨说，目前的飞机太旧了，不如阿拉伯王室成员乘坐的豪华飞机那样气派。“简直就像是来自另一个星球的东西，”他说。

White House officials have tried for years to replace them with newly converted modern aircraft, but the $3.9 billion project has been repeatedly delayed. The first of the new pair of Boeing 747-8’s is scheduled to be delivered in mid-2028. Rather than wait, Mr. Trump accepted the Qatari jet as a bridge until they are finally ready.

多年来，白宫官员一直试图用全新改装的现代化飞机来替换两架旧飞机，但这个耗资39亿美元的项目却被一再推迟。两架全新的波音747-8飞机中的第一架预计将于2028年年中交付。特朗普没有选择等待，而是接受了卡塔尔的这架飞机，作为在新飞机最终准备就绪前的过渡。

Many critics, including Republicans, have found it unseemly or even corrupt for an American president to accept a plane as a gift from a foreign country, deeming it to be an obvious payoff to curry favor and an embarrassment that the United States not provide its own aircraft.

许多批评人士（包括共和党人）认为美国总统接受外国赠送的飞机作为礼物是不体面的，甚至涉嫌腐败，认为这是明显的讨好贿赂，而且美国无法提供自己的飞机也令人尴尬。 

But Mr. Trump cares little about such complaints. He wants a plane that he can show off and that he considers befitting of the most powerful person in the world.

但特朗普对这种抱怨毫不在意。他想要一架可以用来炫耀、且他认为配得上世界上最有权势之人的飞机。

周五，特朗普在华盛顿登上崭新的“空军一号”，准备前往纽约。

Ginger adds a zesty kick to weeknight curries and holiday cookies. It’s also a botanical remedy with a range of health benefits.

生姜能为工作日的咖喱和节日饼干增添爽口的辣味。它同时也是一种具有多种健康功效的植物药材。

It’s not a “cure-all,” said Megan Crichton, a researcher and dietitian at the Queensland University of Technology in Australia who has studied ginger. But it can be helpful for addressing certain symptoms, especially nausea and pain, she said.

研究过生姜的澳大利亚昆士兰科技大学研究员兼注册营养师梅根·克赖顿表示，它并不是“万灵药”，但在缓解特定症状方面确实有所帮助，尤其是恶心和疼痛。

Here’s a closer look, along with recipes from New York Times Cooking.

以下是详细介绍，以及来自《纽约时报》烹饪频道的食谱。

It can ease nausea.

生姜能缓解恶心。

Ginger has been used for millenniums to target a multitude of issues: colds, headaches, stomach problems, joint pain, muscle soreness and fatigue. It’s particularly popular in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine as a warming spice to stimulate digestion, improve circulation and contribute to overall vitality. Some of these remedies have been studied in labs, to a varying degree.

数千年来，生姜一直被用于解决多种健康问题：感冒、头痛、胃部不适、关节痛、肌肉酸痛和疲劳。在阿育吠陀和传统中医药中，它作为一种温热香料特别受欢迎，用以促进消化、改善血液循环并提升整体活力。其中一些疗法已在实验室中得到了不同程度的研究。

One of the most evidence-backed uses of ginger is to treat nausea, said Dr. Kalgi Modi, an interventional cardiologist at Louisiana State University Health who provides guidance on using ginger for therapeutic purposes. Ginger contains over 400 chemical compounds, but the anti-nausea effect primarily stems from two — gingerol and shogaol — which give the plant its pungency. This duo appears to block certain chemical messengers in the gut and brain that trigger nausea and vomiting, and improve digestion by speeding up the rate at which food leaves the stomach.

路易斯安那州立大学健康中心的介入性心脏病专家卡尔吉·莫迪博士表示，生姜最有科学依据的用途之一就是治疗恶心，她曾就生姜的医疗用途提供指导。生姜含有400多种化学化合物，但抗恶心效果主要源于其中的两种成分——姜辣素和姜烯酮，它们也正是生姜辛辣味的来源。这对“组合”似乎能够阻断肠道和大脑中触发恶心与呕吐的某些化学信使，并通过加快食物离开胃部的速度来改善消化。

Studies have mainly focused on nausea and vomiting related to pregnancy and chemotherapy. Research suggests that ginger can significantly cut down on the intensity of the nausea in both cases, and may reduce the frequency of vomiting in the latter.

相关研究主要集中在与怀孕及化疗相关的恶心和呕吐上。研究表明，在这两种情况下，生姜都能显著降低恶心的剧烈程度，而针对化疗还可能减少呕吐的频率。

Most studies use ginger supplements — capsules, tablets, powders or extracts — because the dosing and concentrations of their active compounds are more consistent compared with fresh ginger. But experts said it’s possible that all forms can be beneficial.

大多数研究使用的是生姜补充剂——胶囊、片剂、粉末或提取物——因为与新鲜生姜相比，它们的活性成分剂量和浓度更为稳定。但专家表示，所有形式的生姜都可能是有益的。

Dr. Zhaoping Li, the chief of the division of clinical nutrition at U.C.L.A. Health, recommends sipping ginger tea, trying supplements or sucking on ginger candies if you can’t keep down liquids.

加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心临床营养学部主任李兆萍博士建议，如果液体很难喝得下去，可以尝试啜饮生姜茶、使用补充剂或含服姜糖。

It may relieve pain.

生姜可能可以缓解疼痛。

Research suggests that ginger can help reduce the inflammation that drives pain, Dr. Crichton said. Early data shows the potential for ginger to be particularly effective for those dealing with knee pain from osteoarthritis and menstrual pain.

克赖顿表示，研究表明生姜有助于减轻引发疼痛的炎症反应。早期数据表明，生姜对于应对骨关节炎引起的膝盖疼痛以及经痛可能特别有效。

If you have a headache or period cramps, you could try drinking fresh ginger juice mixed with water and a bit of honey, or steep ginger slices in your tea, Dr. Modi suggested. But she stressed that ginger should be used in a supporting role, not as a replacement for medical treatment.

莫迪建议，如果你头痛或经痛，可以尝试饮用新鲜生姜汁混合水和少量蜂蜜，或者在茶里泡上姜片。但她强调，生姜应该起到辅助作用，而不是替代药物治疗。

It boosts general health, too.

生姜还能促进整体健康。

On top of alleviating aches and an upset stomach, ginger can benefit you in other ways.

除了缓解疼痛和胃部不适，生姜还能在其他方面让你受益。

Dr. Modi considers ginger a “medical root” because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help keep cells healthy and support the immune system. Evidence also suggests ginger may improve blood sugar control and keep blood pressure in check, Dr. Crichton said.

莫迪将生姜视为一种“药用根茎”，因为它具有抗炎和抗氧化特性，这有助于保持细胞健康并支持免疫系统。克赖顿表示，证据还表明生姜可能会改善血糖控制并稳定血压。

Because it’s consumed in relatively small quantities, ginger isn’t a standout source of any vitamins or minerals. But it does contain moderate amounts of magnesium, potassium and vitamins C and B6.

由于通常食用量较小，生姜并不是任何维生素或矿物质的突出来源。但它确实含有适量的镁、钾以及维生素C和B6。

What’s the healthiest way to eat it?

最健康的食用方式是什么？

No single form reigns supreme. Ground ginger is convenient to use, and fresh ginger comes with other valuable nutrients, like fiber. For general health, experts recommend eating a teaspoon or so of ground ginger, or a one-inch piece of fresh ginger, a day.

没有任何一种形式占据绝对优势。姜粉使用方便，而新鲜生姜则富含纤维等其他有价值的营养素。为了整体健康，专家建议每天食用一茶匙左右的姜粉，或约2.5厘米的新鲜生姜块。

But don’t go overboard, Dr. Crichton said; consuming more than that could cause mild but uncomfortable side effects like heartburn, reflux and indigestion. And if you take medications or have health conditions, check with a health care provider before using ginger supplements.

但克赖顿提醒，不要食用过量；超过这个量可能会导致轻微但令人不适的副作用，如烧心、胃酸倒流和消化不良。如果你正在服药或有健康问题，在使用生姜补充剂前请咨询医务人员。

Ginger has that “refreshingly bold, spicy, sweet flavor” that can elevate many recipes and even reduce the need for extra salt and sugar, Dr. Modi said. On that note, here are some recipes to try from NYT Cooking.

莫迪表示，生姜拥有那种“令人神清气爽的浓郁、辛辣、甜美的风味”，可以提升许多食谱的层次，甚至减少对额外盐和糖的需求。说到这里，以下是来自《纽约时报》烹饪频道的几道食谱，供您尝试。

1. Spicy Carrot-Ginger Soup

1. 辣味胡萝卜生姜汤

David Malosh for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Simon Andrews.

Slices of fresh ginger are simmered with carrots in this silky soup. Grated ginger, stirred into the sour cream topping, adds an extra zing.

食谱： 辣味胡萝卜生姜汤Turmeric and grated ginger make a simple marinade for baked salmon. The flavors, inspired by the Northern Vietnamese dish cha ca la Vong, would taste great on any fish.

姜黄和生姜末构成了烤三文鱼的简易腌料。这种调味受越南北部名菜河内古法煎鱼启发，用在任何鱼类上都非常棒。

Recipe: Turmeric-Ginger Salmon

食谱： 姜黄生姜三文鱼

3. Ginger Scallion Chicken and Rice

3. 姜葱鸡饭

Nico Schinco for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Barrett Washburne.

The ginger peel and trimmings infuse the rice with warmth, while the minced golden flesh goes into a flavorful sauce for the chicken.

食谱： 姜葱鸡饭Ginger, fresh oregano and lemongrass give this hot drink its heavenly scent.

Recipe: Citrus and Herb Tonic

食谱： 柑橘草本滋补饮

5. Vegan Coconut-Ginger Black Beans

5. 纯素椰香生姜黑豆炖菜

Ginger and lime balance the richness of coconut milk in this stew, which draws inspiration from African and Caribbean bean dishes.

在这道灵感源自非洲和加勒比豆类菜肴的炖菜中，生姜和青柠平衡了椰浆的浓郁口感。

Recipe: Vegan Coconut-Ginger Black Beans

食谱： 纯素椰香生姜黑豆炖菜

Wildfires in Canada have cast a pall of smoke across a swath of the country and the United States, polluting the air for millions of people, forcing hundreds to evacuate in some places and tainting skies with a brick-red haze.

加拿大的野火使浓烟笼罩了加拿大和美国大片地区，导致数百万民众暴露于受到污染的空气中，在一些地方迫使数百人撤离，天空被染成了砖红色。

The fires have darkened skies from Toronto to Detroit and the East Coast of the United States, leaving New York, Toronto and Washington with the worst air quality in the world on Saturday morning.

从多伦多到底特律，再到美国东海岸，野火已使天空变得昏暗。周六上午，纽约、多伦多和华盛顿的空气质量位列全球最差。

Canadian firefighters have sought to bring the wildfires under control, but days of darkened skies and unhealthy air have raised tensions with the United States. A group of Republican lawmakers criticized Ottawa’s handling of the fires, and President Trump threatened to impose tariffs on Canada to pay for harm caused by the smoke.

加拿大的消防人员一直在努力控制火势，但连续数日的阴霾和有害空气已引发与美国的紧张气氛。一些共和党议员批评加拿大政府应对不力，特朗普总统则威胁要对加拿大征收关税，以弥补烟雾给美国造成的损害。

Prime Minister Mark Carney did not directly address the complaints by Republican lawmakers, but he suggested the United States should do more to combat climate change, which scientists say is a significant factor in creating bigger, longer and fiercer wildfires.

加拿大总理卡尼没有直接回应共和党议员的批评，但他表示，美国应该采取更多措施应对气候变化。科学家认为，气候变化是导致野火规模更大、持续时间更长、火势更猛烈的重要因素。

What is the status of the fires?

目前火势如何？

As of Sunday, nearly 200 wildfires were burning in Ontario, including more than 70 raging out of control. Roughly 1.7 million acres have burned in Ontario, according to the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Center.

截至周日，安大略省共有近200处野火仍在燃烧，其中70余处完全失控。根据加拿大跨部门森林消防中心的数据，安大略省过火面积已达近70万公顷。

Twelve communities have been evacuated, according to the local authorities, many in northwestern Ontario. About 300 people have been rescued from campsites, Premier Doug Ford of Ontario said in a brief address on Saturday. Indigenous communities have been among the worst affected by the fires.

当地政府称，目前已有12个社区实施撤离，它们大多位于安大略省西北部。安大略省省长道格·福特周六在简短讲话中表示，约有300人从露营地获救。原住民是受野火影响最严重的群体之一。

Most of the evacuees have been taken to Thunder Bay, Ontario, a city on Lake Superior, where the air quality index, though still in the high-risk category, had improved on Sunday.

大多数撤离人员已被安置到位于苏必利尔湖畔的安大略省桑德贝市。虽然当地空气质量仍属于高风险水平，但截至周日已有所改善。

What is Canada doing?

加拿大采取了哪些措施？

Mr. Ford said that there were 155 fire crews at work, with 80 water bombers and helicopters active and 40 additional aircraft ready to deploy.

福特表示，目前共有155支消防队、80架灭火飞机和直升机投入灭火作业，另有40架飞机随时待命。

He also urged people not to return to campsites or homes, so that aircraft were not forced to hold off delivering their loads for fear of harming people on the ground. There was little sign on Saturday that the fires would soon wane.

他还呼吁民众不要返回露营地或住所，以免飞机在投水时顾忌地面人员安全而被迫中断作业。截至周六，火势仍没有明显减弱的迹象。

With Thunder Bay rapidly becoming overcrowded with evacuees, some people have been sent on to Toronto and other locations.

随着桑德贝迅速人满为患，部分疏散人员已被转移到多伦多及其他地点。

Officials, including Eleanor Olszewski, Canada’s minister of emergency management, have defended Canada’s forestry practices. “Warmer, drier weather is becoming more common, increasing wildfire risk in Canada and around the world,” Ms. Olszewski said in a statement on Friday evening. “Northern Ontario and Quebec, for example, received less than 40 percent of normal precipitation this June, with temperatures above historical averages.”

加拿大应急管理部长埃莉诺·奥尔谢夫斯基等官员为该国的林业管理做法进行了辩护。“更加炎热、更加干燥的天气正变得越来越普遍，这增加了加拿大乃至全球发生野火的风险，”奥尔谢夫斯基在周五晚的声明中表示。“例如，安大略省北部和魁北克省今年6月的降水量不足正常水平的40%，气温也高于历史平均水平。”

Why is it so hard to control fires in Canada?

为何加拿大的野火如此难以控制？

Most wildfires in Canada spread across such vast, remote areas that they cannot be fought effectively and are often left to burn, experts say.

专家表示，加拿大大多数野火发生在广袤偏远的地区，消防人员很难有效扑救，通常也只能任其燃烧。

Half of Canada’s wildfires, like the blazes in northern Ontario, burn in sparsely populated areas, said Michael Flannigan, an expert on fire management at Thompson Rivers University in British Columbia. They are most often accessible only by plane.

不列颠哥伦比亚省汤普森河大学消防管理专家迈克尔·弗兰尼根指出，加拿大半数野火（如安大略省北部的此次火情）发生在人口稀少的地区，人们通常只能乘飞机抵达。

Even if it were possible to to deploy firefighters to such remote areas, there is rarely enough time to react. Ignited mostly by lightning, wildfires often spread widely in the highly combustible boreal forest before firefighters can respond within the first critical 30 minutes.

即使在如此偏远的地区能够部署消防员，也往往没有足够的时间作出反应。野火多由闪电引发，在消防员能够于关键的前30分钟内作出反应之前，火势就已在高度易燃的北方针叶林中迅速蔓延。

In the long run, wildfires are considered beneficial because they remove the most flammable material in forests, promoting regeneration. Extinguishing every fire increases risk, as Canadian officials have learned in managing national parks.

从长期来看，野火实际上被认为对森林生态有益，因为它能够清除森林中最易燃烧的物质，为植被更新创造条件。加拿大官员在国家公园管理实践中发现，试图扑灭每一场野火反而会增加未来发生更严重火灾的风险。

What is happening with the smoke?

烟雾情况如何？

The plume of smoke far above the Earth’s surface remained on Saturday, but where and when the pollution would spread was hard to predict, as it can shift considerably by the hour. Amid the elusive forecast, air quality warnings and alerts remained in place across many of the affected states and provinces.

弥漫在高空的烟雾周六仍未消散，但污染向何处扩散及何时扩散均难以预测——因为风向可能每小时都发生显著变化。在预报仍存在较大不确定性的情况下，多个受影响的州和省仍维持空气质量预警。

Summer weather, like thunderstorms, can help clear smoke, but the smoke itself complicates the forecast. It can block sunlight, keeping temperatures lower at the surface and preventing storms from rising and intensifying.

夏季天气中的雷暴有助于驱散烟雾，但烟雾本身又会增加天气预报的难度。烟雾能遮挡阳光，使地表温度保持较低水平，并抑制雷暴的生成与增强。

Scientists estimate that wildfire smoke is linked to tens of thousands of deaths a year, and that human-caused climate change is responsible for a growing share of them.

科学家估计，野火产生的烟雾每年与数以万计的死亡病例有关，而其中越来越多的死亡可以归因于人为造成的气候变化。

In China, the humble egg, a longtime supporting act in many dishes, is now center stage.

在中国，鸡蛋这种长期以来在许多菜肴中只扮演配角的普通食材，如今却登上了舞台中央。

Around dining room tables, budget-conscious families are griping about its sudden spike in price. In the countryside, befuddled farmers who complained of a glut of eggs last year now fret about scarcity. At food stalls, frustrated cooks are reeling from the one-two punch of egg prices and rising energy costs from the Iran war.

在餐桌旁，精打细算的家庭抱怨鸡蛋价格突然飙升。在农村，农民们去年还在抱怨鸡蛋供过于求、如今却因供应短缺而发愁，他们感到十分困惑。在小吃摊，沮丧的厨师们因鸡蛋价格上涨和伊朗战争导致的能源成本上升的双重打击而焦头烂额。

Even state media has taken to using the term “rocket eggs” to describe skyrocketing prices.

甚至连官方媒体也开始用“火箭蛋”一词来形容价格的飞涨。

Egg prices are up by more than 40 percent from a year ago, according to an index that tracks the top producing provinces. They recently hit a 10-year high by another benchmark that tracks prices at a wholesale market in Guantao, in northern China, catching industry insiders by surprise.

根据一项追踪主要产蛋省份的指数，鸡蛋价格比一年前上涨了40%以上。另一项追踪中国北方馆陶县一处批发市场价格的基准指数显示，蛋价最近创下了10年来的新高，这让业内人士大感意外。

In a country that consumes more eggs per capita than almost any other in the world, the surging price is especially painful. And it has become a paradox in an economy still struggling to shake off widespread deflation, in which industrial overcapacity and reluctant consumers have led to falling prices for several years. (The price of pork, for example, recently hit a 16-year low.)

在这个世界上人均鸡蛋消费量几乎是首屈一指的国家，价格的暴涨显得尤为令人痛苦。而在这个仍在努力摆脱普遍通货紧缩的经济体中，这也成为了一个悖论——由于工业产能过剩和消费者购买意愿低迷，中国物价已经连续数年下跌。（例如，猪肉价格最近就创下了16年来的新低。）

The war in Iran has pushed up energy prices and stoked nascent inflation, but this has been accompanied by a slowdown in economic growth, an unwelcome combination.

伊朗战争推高了能源价格并引发了初期的通货膨胀，但伴随而来的是经济增长的放缓，这样的组合令人不安。

中国的人均鸡蛋消费量几乎超过了世界上其他所有国家。

The price of eggs is the kind of issue that can hit a nerve, and not only in China. The United States had its own egg crisis not long ago, because of supply chain snarls and an avian influenza outbreak. Eggs became a talking point during the 2024 presidential election campaign, with Donald J. Trump using the rising cost of groceries to berate his opponents.

鸡蛋价格是那种能够触动公众敏感神经的问题，这不仅发生在中国。不久前，由于供应链受阻和禽流感爆发，美国也遭遇了自己的鸡蛋危机。在2024年总统竞选期间，鸡蛋成了热门话题，特朗普利用不断上涨的食品杂货成本来抨击对手。

In China, the problem began with overenthusiastic poultry farmers.

在中国，问题始于家禽养殖户的过分热情。

Two years ago, farmers started expanding after several bumper years, adding more egg-laying hens from 2024 to 2025 than ever before, according to Aspen Li, an analyst who studies the egg market. Suddenly, there were too many eggs and the price plunged. Farmers then found themselves short of money to feed all their chickens.

研究鸡蛋市场的分析师阿斯彭·李（音）表示，两年前，在连续几年的丰收之后，养殖户开始扩大规模，2024年至2025年间新增的蛋鸡数量创下历史新高。突然之间，鸡蛋供过于求，价格暴跌。随后，养殖户们发现自己没有足够的资金来喂养所有的鸡。

So they culled them, at a rate that experts considered excessive. Eventually, there were not enough egg-laying hens to meet demand, sending prices to levels that Mr. Li said were “even higher than my expectations.”

于是他们开始大量淘汰蛋鸡，专家认为这样的淘汰速度过快了。最终，蛋鸡数量不足以满足需求，导致价格上涨，李先生说其程度“甚至超出了我的预期”。

At the same time, demand has been particularly strong, which economists attribute to various factors like hungry teenagers studying for a high-stakes national exam and the summer celebration known as Dragon Boat Festival.

与此同时，市场需求却格外强劲，经济学家将其归于各种因素，比如备战重要全国性考试、食量极大的青少年，以及被称为端午节的夏季节日。

And some pin the blame for climbing costs on one person: President Trump. The war in Iran has made cooking gas pricier. Owners at one restaurant in the coastal town of Tianjin stuck a sign in their storefront window to explain that they were raising the price of jianbing, a crepe of eggs, greens and deep fried crackers, by the equivalent of seven cents because of “Trump driving up prices.”

还有一些人将成本攀升归咎给特朗普总统。伊朗战争导致烹饪用气价格上涨。在天津市的沿海小镇，一个餐馆老板在店面窗户上贴了一张告示，解释说他们将煎饼（一种用鸡蛋、蔬菜和油炸薄脆做成的卷饼）的价格提高了五毛钱，原因是“特朗普推高了物价”。

Axuan Bu, 25, who runs two stalls called “Jianbing Man” in the eastern city of Jinhua, says he can’t pass the cost of his savory egg pancakes on to his regular clients. “If you raise the price, people just won’t buy them anymore,” he said.

25岁的卜阿轩（音）在东部城市金华经营着两个名为“煎饼侠”的摊位，他说他无法将这种咸味鸡蛋煎饼的成本转嫁给老顾客。“一涨价别人就不买了，”他说。

Mr. Bu goes through 360 eggs every two to three days and he’s seen the price tick upward by a few cents each time he restocks. A carton, which once cost $25, is now $35. To make things worse, the gas canisters he needs to heat his pan have also risen, to $22 each from $16, a purchase he has to make every five days.

卜阿轩每两三天就要用掉360个鸡蛋，他发现每次进货时，价格都会上涨几毛钱。一箱鸡蛋曾经要价约170元，现在涨到了约240元。更糟的是，他用来加热平底锅的煤气价格也从每罐约110元涨到了约150元，而他每五天就得买一罐。

“You bustle around month after month and by the end of it, there’s simply nothing left,” he said.

“忙了一个月又是一个月，到最后什么都不剩，”他说。

Unlike meat, eggs aren’t easily substituted, said Hellen Zhang in the eastern province of Jiangsu, who together with her boyfriend consumes as many as seven eggs a day — boiled for breakfast, scrambled in dishes with tomatoes for lunch and as batter for rice cakes.

家住东部江苏省的海伦·张（音）说，和肉类不同，鸡蛋不容易被替代。她和男朋友每天最多要吃七个鸡蛋——早餐吃水煮蛋，午餐吃西红柿炒蛋，还用鸡蛋做炸米糕的面糊。

It accounts for a tenth of their monthly food bill, Ms. Zhang said. “But no matter how expensive eggs get, you still have to eat,” she said. “Prices go up, but you can’t skip your protein.”

海伦·张说，鸡蛋占他们每月食品开支的十分之一。“但不管鸡蛋多贵都得吃，”她说。“价格涨了，但是还得补充蛋白质。”

鸡蛋涨价这类问题往往会触动人们的神经。由于伊朗战争，液化石油气的价格也越来越贵。

Harriet Hua, from the southern province of Guangdong, noticed that the price of eggs started creeping up in April on the grocery-buying platform she uses, known as Pinduoduo. They have since risen by 20 percent.

来自南部广东省的哈丽特·华（音）注意到，从4月份开始，她在拼多多这一购物平台上购买的鸡蛋价格开始悄然上涨。从那以后，价格已经上涨了20%。

“My first reaction was, ‘Oh my god, why is it so expensive?’ So I stopped buying them, thinking I’d wait for the price to drop,” said Ms. Hua, who normally buys a batch of 30 eggs each month. While she was jobless for six months, even the smallest price increase was painful.

“我的第一反应是，‘天哪，怎么这么贵？’所以就不买了，想着等价格降下来再说，”哈丽特·华说，她通常每个月会一次性购买30个鸡蛋。在她失业的六个月里，即使是最小幅度的价格上涨也让人吃不消。

“The price never did drop,” said Ms. Hua, who landed a new job last month. “Eventually I just had to buy them anyway.”

“但价格根本就没降下来，”上个月刚找到新工作的哈丽特·华说。“最后我还是不得不买。”

The United States, by almost any measure, dominates the world of artificial intelligence. The most powerful A.I. systems are made in America. The United States has far more A.I. data centers than any other country. And a vast majority of the computer chips used to build A.I. were developed by American companies.

无论以何种标准衡量，美国都在人工智能领域占据主导地位。最强大的人工智能系统都是美国制造。美国拥有的人工智能数据中心数量远超其他任何国家。而且，用于构建人工智能的绝大多数计算机芯片都是由美国公司开发的。

Perception, however, is a different matter.

然而，人们的观感却是另一回事。

In recent weeks, China has appeared to erode that sizable lead. The competition came into sharper focus last week when a Chinese start-up released a system nearly as powerful as the leading American technologies but costing a lot less. It was the second time in about a month that a Chinese company managed that feat.

最近几周，中国似乎正在削弱这一巨大的领先优势。上周，一家中国初创公司发布了一个几乎与美国领先技术一样强大、但成本却低得多的系统，这场竞争由此变得更加引人瞩目。这已是中国公司在大约一个月内第二次取得这一成就。

In a speech on Friday, China’s leader, Xi Jinping, hailed Beijing as the champion of a new global A.I. order. “A.I. development should not be a solo performance by a single country but a symphony of international cooperation,” Mr. Xi said.

在上周五的讲话中，中国领导人习近平赞扬北京是全球人工智能新秩序的引领者。“人工智能发展不应该是某个国家的独奏，而应当是全球合作的交响，”习近平说。

As it has with other cutting-edge technologies, from consumer electronics to electric cars, China is demonstrating that it can produce something almost as good but at a far more affordable price. That strikes a nerve in Silicon Valley, where industry veterans know that when it comes to technology, good enough often beats best if it is a lot cheaper. That has been true since PCs replaced mainframes, and it could happen again with A.I.

正如在消费电子、电动汽车等其他尖端技术领域一样，中国正在证明它能够生产出质量相差无几、但价格却实惠得多的产品。这触动了硅谷的神经，那里的行业资深人士深知，在技术领域，如果价格低得多，“足够好”往往能击败“最好”。自从个人电脑取代大型机以来，这一直是真理，而在人工智能领域，这种情况可能会再次发生。

But worries about China’s increasing A.I. prowess appear to be less about what technologists in that country are doing right and more about what the United States could be doing wrong. American companies could be building their product the wrong way. They could be spending too much and charging too much for their products. The Trump administration could also be needlessly meddling in the A.I. market.

但是，对中国日益增强的人工智能实力的担忧，似乎更多不是源于中国的技术人员做对了什么，而是源于美国可能做错了什么。美国公司构建产品的方式可能出了问题；他们可能在产品上花费过多，且收费过高。特朗普政府也可能是在对人工智能市场进行不必要的干预。

“This is still the U.S.’s race to lose, but it is getting damn close,” said Rehaan Ahmad, a co-founder of the Silicon Valley start-up alphaXiv, who has been using the latest Chinese technologies for the past several weeks.

“美国依然掌握着这场竞赛的主动权，但双方的差距真的已经非常近了，”硅谷初创公司 alphaXiv的联合创始人雷汉·艾哈迈德说，他在过去几周里一直在使用最新的中国技术。

Last month, the A.I. start-up Anthropic shut down its two most powerful systems after the government unexpectedly demanded that the company bar access to foreign nationals, including its own employees. Anthropic’s close competitor, OpenAI, also said the administration had interfered with a recent release of its technology.

上个月，在政府出人意料地要求人工智能初创公司Anthropic禁止包括其自身员工在内的外国公民访问其技术后，该公司关闭了其两个最强大的系统。Anthropic的密切竞争对手OpenAI也表示，政府干预了该公司最近一次的技术发布。

Like some A.I. researchers, administration officials were worried that the technology could drive cyberattacks or maybe even help build bioweapons.

与一些人工智能研究人员一样，政府官员担心这项技术可能会助长网络攻击，甚至可能被用于制造生物武器。

The administration lifted its restrictions, but Anthropic and OpenAI still maintain strict control over who can use the technologies and who cannot. Executives at both companies have called on the government to regulate A.I. in some way.

尽管政府随后取消了限制，但Anthropic和OpenAI仍然严格控制着谁可以使用这些技术，谁不能使用。两家公司的高管都呼吁政府以某种方式对人工智能进行监管。

On Friday, Mr. Xi specifically mentioned the so-called open source method that the Chinese companies use to develop their technology. It was a remarkable moment, in which a world leader appeared to be taking a side in a decades-long tech industry debate.

周五，习近平特别提到了中国公司用来开发其技术的所谓“开源”方法。这是一个非同寻常的时刻，一位世界领导人似乎在长达数十年的科技行业争论中表明了立场。

On one side are people who think new technology should be tightly controlled, and on the other are people who think it should be freely shared and distributed — the open source approach that Mr. Xi championed. Without open source, it would be extraordinarily difficult for Chinese companies to catch up.

在这场争论中，一方认为新技术应该受到严格控制，另一方则认为新技术应该自由共享和分发——这正是习近平所倡导的开源方法。如果没有开源，中国公司想要赶超将极其困难。

“The most authoritarian government is producing the most egalitarian models, and what should be the most democratic government is breeding companies that are the most authoritarian,” said Rayan Krishnan, chief executive of Vals AI, a company that evaluates the performance of the latest A.I. technologies.

“最专制的政府正在打造最平等的模型，而本应最民主的政府却在孕育最专制的公司，”专门评估最新人工智能技术性能的Vals AI公司首席执行官拉扬·克里希南表示。

Companies like Anthropic, OpenAI and Google hope to recoup their aggressive spending by selling increasingly useful but often expensive technologies to businesses and consumers. China is offering similar technology free of charge. That means companies anywhere in the world — including in the United States — can operate this technology at much lower costs.

Anthropic、OpenAI和谷歌等公司希望通过向企业和消费者出售日益实用但往往极其昂贵的技术，来收回其巨额投入。而中国则在免费提供类似的技术。这意味着世界上任何地方的企业——包括美国的企业——都能以低得多的成本运行这项技术。

On Thursday, a Chinese start-up, Moonshot AI, released a new A.I. technology that is nearly as powerful as the leading American model, Anthropic’s Claude Fable 5. In line with other Chinese A.I. companies, Moonshot said it would soon open source the technology, called Kimi 3. The start-up also sells a version as an online service, just as American companies do.

周四，中国初创公司月之暗面发布了一项新的人工智能技术，其功能几乎与美国领先模型Anthropic的Claude Fable 5一样强大。与其他中国人工智能公司一样，月之暗面表示它将很快开源这项名为Kimi 3的技术。这家初创公司也像美国公司一样，将该技术的一个版本作为在线服务进行销售。

周五，中国推出的新人工智能模型Kimi 3引发了美国科技股的抛售潮。

A day later, the tech-focused Nasdaq fell 1.4 percent and the S&P 500 fell 1 percent, with Alphabet, Google’s parent company, and Meta, the maker of Facebook and Instagram, dropping 2 to 4 percent. It was, in the minds of some tech experts, a silly overreaction.

一天后，以科技股为主的纳斯达克指数下跌了1.4%，标准普尔500指数下跌了1%，谷歌母公司Alphabet以及Facebook和Instagram的母公司Meta的股价下跌了2%至 4%。在一些科技专家看来，这是一种愚蠢的过度反应。

“Nothing fundamentally has changed,” said Perry Metzger, a software developer who has worked on A.I. for more than two decades. “The problem is that the bulk of investors have no idea what it is that any of these systems actually do, or how any of the companies make their money, or what any of the news means.”

“从根本上说，没有任何变化，”从事人工智能研究20多年的软件开发人员佩里·梅茨格表示。“问题在于，大多数投资者根本不知道这些系统实际上是做什么的，也不知道这些公司是如何盈利的，或者这些新闻到底意味着什么。”

The Kimi model is at the cutting edge of open source Chinese technologies that are nearly as powerful as top American systems. Last month, another Chinese start-up, Z.ai, released a model that start-ups and independent developers across Silicon Valley rapidly adopted.

Kimi模型处于中国开源技术的最前沿，其功能几乎与美国顶级系统一样强大。上个月，另一家中国初创公司智谱AI发布了一个模型，迅速被整个硅谷的初创公司和独立开发人员采用。

After its release, six of the 10 most popular A.I. systems on OpenRouter — a closely watched leaderboard of A.I. models — were Chinese technologies.

该模型发布后，在备受关注的人工智能模型排行榜OpenRouter上，最受欢迎的10个人工智能系统中有六个是中国技术。

In some key areas, the latest systems from companies like Anthropic and OpenAI still outperform Kimi and other Chinese models, according to benchmark tests run by Vals AI and other independent companies. But because the top Chinese models are generally open source, they cost considerably less to use.

根据Vals AI和其他独立公司运行的基准测试，在某些关键领域，Anthropic和OpenAI等公司的最新系统的性能仍然优于Kimi和其他中国模型。但由于顶尖的中国模型通常是开源的，其使用成本要低得多。

In early 2024, a third Chinese start-up, DeepSeek, first set off alarm bells among investors and tech executives with the release of a surprisingly effective open source system. Stocks took a similar tumble. Soon, companies like OpenAI accused DeepSeek and other Chinese companies of improperly harvesting data from their A.I. systems to accelerate the development of Chinese technologies.

2024年初，第三家中国初创公司深度求索发布了一个高效到出人意料的开源系统，首次引发了投资者和科技高管的警觉。当时股市也出现了类似的下跌。很快，OpenAI等公司指责DeepSeek和其他中国公司通过不当手段抓取其人工智能系统的数据，以加速中国技术的开发。

Last month, Anthropic sent a letter to two U.S. senators accusing the Chinese tech giant Alibaba of “brazenly” and “illicitly” trying to copy its technology through 24,000 fraudulent accounts.

上个月，Anthropic向两名美国参议员致函，指责中国科技巨头阿里巴巴试图通过2.4万个欺诈账户“明目张胆”且“非法地”复制其技术。

Using data from one system to train another — a process called distillation — is common in A.I. development, including in the United States. But the Anthropic and OpenAI terms of service forbid anyone to surreptitiously harvest data for distillation. Anthropic called on lawmakers and regulators to explore ways of curbing the practice.

使用一个系统的数据来训练另一个系统——这一过程被称为“蒸馏”——在人工智能开发中很常见，在美国也是如此。但Anthropic和OpenAI的服务条款禁止任何人暗中抓取数据进行蒸馏。Anthropic呼吁立法者和监管机构探索遏制这种做法的途径。

Some experts believe, however, that distillation will become less important as companies build systems designed to operate as “A.I. agents” — digital assistants that can use other software to perform tasks. Training agents requires far more than just distillation, these experts say.

然而，一些专家认为，随着各家公司构建旨在作为“AI智能体”运行的系统——也就是能够使用其他软件执行任务的数字助手——蒸馏技术的重要性将逐渐降低。这些专家表示，训练智能体需要的远不止是蒸馏。

Other experts have long argued that Chinese systems will always trail the top U.S. models because U.S. export controls limit the flow of the specialized computer chips needed to train A.I. technologies. But Moonshot, Z.ai and DeepSeek spend millions for access to chips in data centers outside China.

另一些专家长期以来一直认为，由于美国的出口管制限制了训练人工智能技术所需的专用计算机芯片的流通，中国系统将永远落后于美国顶尖模型。但月之暗面、智谱AI和深度求索花费成百上千万美元，以获取中国境外数据中心中的芯片。

Various Chinese companies have also started to build their own specialized chips, and A.I. start-ups like Z.ai say they are beginning to use these chips at least as a way of augmenting the chips from the United States that they have managed to acquire.

多家中国公司也已开始自主研发专用芯片，像智谱AI这样的人工智能初创公司表示，他们正在开始使用这些芯片，至少作为对已成功采购的美国芯片的一种补充。

Even as China sloughs off U.S. export controls and other restrictions, many U.S. executives, lawmakers and policymakers continue to call for regulations that tightly control the use of American technologies. But some experts believe that these regulations could ultimately push more people toward Chinese models because they can use these technologies however they want.

尽管中国正在摆脱美国的出口管制和其他限制，许多美国高管、立法者和政策制定者仍在继续呼吁出台法规，严格控制美国技术的使用。但一些专家认为，这些法规最终可能会将更多人推向中国模型，因为他们可以随心所欲地使用这些技术。

“It is really hard for U.S. companies to operate when they know that the Chinese models are getting more and more powerful,” Mr. Krishnan said. “Something like Kimi 3 is purely open source. There is no way to control how anyone uses it.”

“当美国公司知道中国模型变得越来越强大时，他们的运营就变得非常困难了，”克里希南说。他还说：“像Kimi 3这样的系统是纯开源的。根本无法控制任何人如何使用它。”

The French government said this year that it would replace Zoom and other American videoconference software with a French-developed alternative. Germany is building a homegrown platform for artificial intelligence. Companies in both countries are teaming up to build A.I. chips to rival those of the United States and China.

法国政府今年表示，将以自主研发的替代方案取代Zoom等美国视频会议软件。德国则正在打造本土人工智能平台。与此同时，两国企业正联手开发人工智能芯片，希望与美国和中国的产品展开竞争。

These are modest steps in Europe’s high-stakes race to catch up to America and China in the global sprint for digital independence. Without it, Europe’s political and business leaders worry, they will be vulnerable to sudden losses of access to critical technologies, as after President Trump’s recent decision to cut off foreigners from some of Anthropic’s latest artificial intelligence models. They will also miss out on revenues from a booming industry.

在全球争夺数字自主权的竞赛中，欧洲正在奋力追赶美国和中国，而上述措施不过是初步尝试。这场竞争关系重大。欧洲政商界担心，如果不能掌握数字自主权，他们获取关键技术的能力可能随时受制于人——正如特朗普总统最近决定切断外国用户对Anthropic部分最新人工智能模型的访问权限一样。此外，欧洲还可能错失这一蓬勃发展的产业所带来的巨大收益。

Yet interviews with industry leaders, public officials, entrepreneurs and economists suggest there is currently little question about whether Europe can wean itself off tech dependence anytime soon.

然而，采访了行业领袖、政府官员、企业家和经济学家之后，欧洲能否在短期内摆脱对外国技术的依赖，答案已毋庸置疑。

It cannot.

不能。

Instead, political and business leaders across the continent are wrestling with a more limited, but still daunting, question. If full independence is impossible, where should Europe focus its digital efforts, in pursuit of at least partial autonomy?

因此，欧洲政界和商界如今面对的已不再是能否实现完全独立，而是一个范围更窄却依然艰巨的问题。既然完全独立做不到，那么欧洲应把有限的资源集中在哪些数字技术领域，争取实现至少部分自主？

“One hundred percent autonomy in digital services is not at this stage something that is feasible,” said Anne Le Hénanff, France’s minister for artificial intelligence and digital affairs. “We just need to decide what we don’t want to be dependent on.”

“数字服务的百分之百自主在现阶段并不可行，”法国人工智能和数字事务部长安妮·勒埃纳夫表示。“我们真正需要决定的是，哪些领域我们不能依赖别人。”

Europe’s consumers and businesses rely heavily on American and Chinese imports for their digital lives, including social media, national security systems and artificial intelligence. They store data with American companies, like Amazon, despite European concerns over the comparative laxness of American data protection rules. European-based multinational companies, like Mercedes-Benz, hone some of their most important new technology in Chinese labs.

如今，欧洲消费者和企业在数字生活的方方面面都高度依赖美国和中国，包括社交媒体、国家安全系统以及人工智能。尽管欧洲一直担心美国的数据保护制度不够严格，但许多数据仍存放在亚马逊等美国公司的服务器上。而像梅赛德斯-奔驰这样的欧洲跨国企业则把部分最重要的新技术研发工作放在了中国的实验室。

Mistral位于巴黎圣马丁运河边的办公地点，摄于2024年。Mistral AI是欧洲唯一本土开发的大语言模型。

Europe has one homegrown large language model, Mistral A.I., a three-year-old start-up that is France’s national champion in artificial intelligence and is now valued at $14 billion. Mistral’s three founders worked for Google and Meta before starting the company.

欧洲目前只有一家本土大语言模型企业——成立仅三年的法国初创公司Mistral AI。它被视为法国人工智能领域的国家队企业，目前估值已达140亿美元。公司的三位创始人在创业前都曾供职于谷歌和Meta。

Technology executives acknowledge that France does not yet have a financing culture, like that of Silicon Valley, to incubate promising start-ups. In France and across much of Europe, business leaders complain that companies must move to America to scale up.

科技行业高管坦承，法国目前尚不具备硅谷那种孵化有潜力初创企业的融资文化。在法国乃至欧洲大部分地区，商界领袖抱怨说，公司必须迁往美国才能实现规模化发展。

Continental leaders have begun to call that reliance dangerous, strategically and economically, as Washington and Beijing more boldly wield raw power to bend other countries to their will. They say it leaves them more vulnerable to cyberattacks, and to economic and diplomatic pressure by powerful governments that may not share Europe’s democratic values.

欧洲大陆的领导人越来越认为，这种依赖无论在战略还是经济层面都存在风险，因为华盛顿和北京正越来越频繁地动用强权迫使其他国家屈从于自己的意志。他们认为，这不仅会让欧洲更容易遭受网络攻击，也会使其更容易受到那些未必认同欧洲民主价值观的大国施加的经济和外交压力。

“We need nothing more and nothing less than technological sovereignty in Europe, and therefore also in Germany, at least wherever it is attainable,” Friedrich Merz, the German chancellor, said last fall. Europe’s technological dependencies, he warned, were “being exploited for power politics.”

“欧洲需要的恰恰就是技术主权，当然也包括德国，至少在力所能及的范围内，”德国总理默茨去年秋天说。他警告，欧洲在技术上的依赖性正在被人“用作权力政治的筹码”。

Last week, the Netherlands announced plans to create government-controlled data centers to prevent sensitive information from falling into the hands of foreign companies.

上周，荷兰宣布计划建设由政府控制的数据中心，以防止敏感信息落入外国企业手中。

Last month, France’s prime minister, Sébastien Lecornu, said his country’s domestic intelligence service would stop using A.I. data tools from Palantir, an American tech company, in favor of those from a French company, ChapsVision.

上月，法国总理勒科尔尼宣布，法国国内情报部门将停止使用美国科技公司Palantir的AI数据工具，转而采用法国公司ChapsVision的产品。

“Just as we would not agree to transfer our national archives to California, we must use our own A.I. tools,” Mr. Lecornu said in a video posted on social media.

勒科尔尼在社交媒体发布的视频中说：“正如我们不会同意把国家档案馆搬到加州一样，我们也必须使用自己的AI工具。”

德国总理默茨周四在议会发表讲话。他呼吁欧洲建立对外国公司的技术独立。

Relying on foreign technology can be dangerous for the private sector, too. Many European companies depend on Chinese products for data storage and cannot guarantee that their data will not be shared with Chinese intelligence, said Sebastian Kurz, a former chancellor of Austria. He is now the president of Dream, a company that sells A.I. security systems that exist entirely within one country to Western clients, including governments.

对于私营企业而言，依赖外国技术同样存在风险。奥地利前总理库尔茨表示，许多欧洲企业依赖中国的数据存储产品，且无法保证其数据不会共享给中国情报机构。如今，他担任Dream公司总裁，该公司向包括政府在内的西方客户提供完全在单一国家内部运行的AI安全系统。

That dependence, Mr. Kurz said in an interview, is problematic if it affects “sensitive data in sectors like health care, where people feel a need that their data is protected.”

库尔茨在接受采访时表示，如果这种依赖影响到“医疗等领域的敏感数据——人们觉得自己的这些数据需要得到保护”，就会成为一个严重问题。

Governments across Europe are spending billions of euros to try to shake those dependencies for themselves and their companies — at least in select areas.

欧洲各国政府正斥资数十亿欧元，试图为自己和本国企业摆脱这种依赖——至少是在某些关键领域。

The French government has committed to spending roughly $5.3 billion to buy digital tools from French companies.

法国政府已承诺投入约53亿美元，采购法国企业开发的数字工具。

The German government plans to spend more than $20 billion over the next several years in six key tech sectors, including artificial intelligence and biotechnology. It has contracted with the German companies Deutsche Telekom and SAP to build a government A.I. platform that can be entirely disconnected from rivals like China and America.

德国政府计划在未来数年内，在包括人工智能和生物技术在内的六大关键科技领域投入逾200亿美元。它已与德国电信和SAP签约，合作构建一个可完全切断与中美竞争对手连接的政府AI平台。

A German government agency for innovation has started a fund worth roughly $140 million to catalyze investment in European start-up companies in areas like A.I. At a conference the agency sponsored this spring, officials said they were hoping less to fully supplant American and Chinese tech companies than to work with them — and to become indispensable in their operations.

德国一个政府创新机构已启动一个约1.4亿美元的基金，以催化对AI等领域的欧洲初创公司的投资。在该机构今年春天主办的一次会议上，官员们表示，他们的目标与其说是全面取代美国和中国的科技公司，不如说是与之合作——并成为其运营中不可或缺的角色。

安妮·勒埃纳夫在去年11月于柏林举行的欧洲数字主权会议上发言。

Dorothee Bär, Germany’s federal minister for research, technology and space, noted in an interview at the conference that German start-ups had played a role in the launch of NASA’s Artemis II rocket.

德国德国联邦研究、技术与航天部部长多萝西·贝尔在会议期间接受采访时指出，德国初创企业曾参与美国航空航天局“阿耳忒弥斯2号”火箭项目。

“These mutual dependencies are also important, and the Americans in particular see that we have our own strengths,” Ms. Bär said. America in the Trump era, she added, “reacts exclusively to strength.”

“这种相互依存同样重要，尤其是美国人也认识到，我们拥有自己的优势，”贝尔说。她补充道，特朗普时代的美国"只对实力做出反应"。

German tech leaders are particularly enthusiastic about their chances of building on the country’s legacy strength, manufacturing, to pioneer exportable high-tech products like advanced versions of toolmaking equipment for factories.

德国科技界人士尤其相信，德国可以在制造业这一传统优势的基础上，率先推出面向国际市场的高科技产品，例如更先进的精密制造装备。

“There are certain areas where Europe has an edge, actually,” said Antonio Krüger, the chief executive of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence. “This is an asset that I think the U.S. and China currently don’t have at that level of quality and amount.”

德国人工智能研究中心首席执行官安东尼奥·克吕格表示：“在某些领域，欧洲实际上是有优势的。我认为，相关优势在质量和数量上是美国和中国目前都无法匹敌的。”

Europe’s technological strengths also include basic research, said Anne Bouverot, a chairwoman of a government committee for generative artificial intelligence. She pointed to a collaboration between the Fraunhofer labs in Germany and the French research lab CEA in developing next-generation chips for A.I.

法国政府生成式人工智能委员会主席安妮·布沃罗认为，欧洲的技术优势还包括基础研究。她举例说，德国弗劳恩霍夫研究所与法国原子能委员会实验室正合作开发下一代人工智能芯片。

安妮·布沃罗布沃罗是法国人工智能委员会主席。她表示，欧洲需要更好地为科技初创企业提供资金支持。

Europe, however, remains weak in generating capital to fund tech companies as they grow larger, Ms. Bouverot said. Mistral raised $1.5 billion by selling a stake to a Dutch company. But that remains an exceptional case.

然而，布沃罗表示，欧洲依然缺乏支持科技企业成长壮大的资本市场。Mistral通过将股份出售给一家荷兰公司筹集了15亿美元。但这仍属个案，难以复制。

“We need to be able to finance start-ups better in Europe,” Ms. Bouverot said. “There’s lots of savings in Europe. Today, those savings are not used enough for start-ups. They either go to the U.S. or they stay in nonrisky investments.”

“我们需要在欧洲更好地为初创企业融资，”布沃罗说。“欧洲其实拥有大量储蓄。但如今，这些资金并没有充分流向初创企业。它们要么流向美国，要么停留在低风险投资中。”

Ms. Bouverot said Europe would never cast itself off completely from Silicon Valley. She said the idea was for European countries to carve out autonomy in strategic digital areas — making them less vulnerable, for example, to an interruption of service or a breach of sensitive data.

布沃罗表示，欧洲永远不可能完全摆脱硅谷。她说，真正的目标是在一些具有战略意义的数字领域建立自主能力，从而降低因服务中断或敏感数据泄露而受到冲击的风险。

That’s very different from the full vision of digital independence some leaders are promising. And it is not enough for those who say that Europe needs to break free of America and China for a purely economic reason — to profit from the next wave of booming technology sales.

这与一些领导人所描绘的数字完全独立的宏大愿景相去甚远。而对于那些出于纯粹经济逻辑——以便从下一波科技销售热潮中获利——而主张欧洲必须摆脱对美中依赖的人来说，这也远远不够。

“The whole point of sovereignty for me is not security and resilience,” said Cristina Caffarra, chair of the EuroStack Initiative Foundation, which works to strengthen Europe’s digital industries.

“对我而言，主权的全部意义并不在于安全与韧性，”欧洲数字产业振兴倡议基金会主席克里斯蒂娜·卡法拉说。

“It’s not democracy and all that,” she said. “It’s value capture.”

“也不是什么民主之类的大道理，”她说。“而是价值获取。”

President Trump started his speech on Thursday evening by outlining a series of claims about China’s attempts to acquire American voter data, portraying the alleged activity as a historic scandal.

特朗普总统周四晚间发表讲话，首先概述了一系列关于中国试图获取美国选民数据的指控，并将他声称的这些活动描述为一桩历史性的丑闻。

But China’s efforts to collect that data have been broadly known for years. Voter data is in many cases freely available to download on the internet, and in other cases can be purchased. Possessing such data could reveal insights about American voters, but would not allow votes to be manipulated.

但中国对这方面数据的收集多年来早已众所周知。很多时候选民数据可以从互联网上免费下载，还有一些则是可以购买。拥有此类数据或许可以更好地理解美国选民，但并不能以此来操纵选票。

Mr. Trump asserted that Beijing had carried out “the largest compromise of election data in history” starting with the 2020 cycle, illicitly collecting 220 million voter files “over a period of years.”

特朗普坚称，北京从2020年大选周期开始实施了“史上最大规模的选举数据入侵”，并“在数年时间里”非法收集了2.2亿份选民文件。

It was unclear precisely how the president arrived at that number, which could include names, addresses and phone numbers, though the heavily redacted documents include a table that lists volumes of acquired records, including some 204 million records from 2016. China has hacked far more sensitive information, such as government personnel records, than what voter files would offer.

目前尚不清楚总统究竟是如何得出这一数字的，这其中可能包括姓名、地址和电话号码，不过这些经过大量涂黑的文件中，包含了一张列出了获取记录数量的表格，其中包括2016年的约2.04亿条记录。相比于选民文件所能提供的信息，中国窃取过远比这更敏感的信息，例如政府人事记录。

The claim was one of several Mr. Trump made that was either overstated or untethered from reality as his administration published hundreds of pages of documents that were far more measured and reserved in their judgments about China and other election security issues.

这一主张是特朗普的若干夸大其词或脱离现实的言论之一，其政府公布的数百页文件在对中国和其他选举安全问题的判断上则显得更为克制和保留。

During the 2020 election, the mainstream view inside U.S. intelligence agencies was that China was not seeking to influence the outcome of the presidential contest, but there was a dissenting view that Beijing wanted Mr. Trump to lose his re-election bid.

在2020年大选期间，美国情报机构内部的主流观点是，中国并不试图影响总统选举的结果，但也有人持不同意见，认为北京希望特朗普在争取连任的竞选中失败。

Newly declassified documents released on Thursday by the Trump administration present a more detailed account of that dissenting view, although its main aspects were already public.

特朗普政府于周四发布的最新解密文件对这种不同意见进行了更详细的描述，尽管其主要内容此前已经公开。

A senior cyber intelligence official, Chris Porter, who was not identified in the documents, wrote a series of classified memos on the matter. He made the case that “Beijing has taken at least some low-level, exploratory steps” to undermine Mr. Trump’s chances of being re-elected in his 2020 race against Joseph R. Biden Jr.

曾就此事撰写一系列机密备忘录的高级网络情报官员克里斯·波特（其身份未在文件中指明）提出论据认为，“北京至少已经采取了一些低水平的、探索性的步骤”，来削弱特朗普在2020年竞选中击败约瑟夫·R·拜登获得连任的机会。

In broad strokes, Mr. Porter’s dissent was made public after the election, first in a note released on Jan. 7, 2021, by John Ratcliffe, who was then the outgoing director of national intelligence, and later in a declassified intelligence community assessment on foreign influence operations that was released in March 2021.

简而言之，波特的不同意见在大选后被公之于众首先是在2021年1月7日由时任即将离任的国家情报总监约翰·拉特克利夫发布的一份说明中，随后是在2021年3月发布的一份关于外国影响行动的解密情报界评估报告中。

That document noted Mr. Porter agreed with the overall view of the intelligence community that “there was no information suggesting China tried to interfere with election processes.”

文件指出，波特同意情报界的总体观点，即“没有任何信息表明中国曾试图干预选举程序”。

The documents made public Thursday were heavily redacted but give a closer look into the intelligence Mr. Porter and a colleague used to draw their conclusions that China was at least taking some steps to undermine Mr. Trump’s re-election.

周四公布的文件虽存在大量涂黑，但仍可以藉此深入了解波特及其同事所使用的情报，这些情报帮助他们得出结论：中国至少正在采取一些措施来破坏特朗普的连任竞选。

In his first declassified memo, from Oct. 16, 2020, Mr. Porter said that he and the other intelligence official assessed Beijing’s efforts at influence “probably included overt messaging, nascent online covert influence capabilities” as well as diplomatic and economic leverage.

在其2020年10月16日的第一份解密备忘录中，波特表示，他和其他情报官员评估，北京在施加影响方面的努力“可能包括公开宣传、新生的网络隐蔽影响能力”以及外交和经济手段。

The memo notes that the national intelligence officer for East Asia as well as other officers from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence disagreed. They assessed that China had not deployed influence efforts, in large measure because its leadership sought stability in relations with the United States.

该备忘录指出，负责东亚事务的国家情报官员以及国家情报总监办公室的其他官员对此持反对意见。他们评估认为，中国并未展开施加影响的行动，这在很大程度上是因为其领导层寻求与美国保持稳定关系。

Key sections of the October 2020 document are redacted, making it difficult to assess fully what intelligence caused Mr. Porter and the other intelligence officer to have doubts over their colleagues’ conclusions. Mr. Porter and the colleague gave their assessment a low-to-medium confidence level, suggesting that they did not have robust evidence for the conclusions.

2020年10月文件的关键部分被涂黑，这使得人们很难全面评估究竟是什么情报让波特和其他情报官员对同事的结论产生怀疑。波特和其同事将他们的评估定为“低到中等”置信度，这表明他们并没有扎实的证据来支持其结论。

But in parts of the memo, Mr. Porter and the other officer cite increasing planning discussions among Chinese officials about how to respond to American pressure and worries about the damage Mr. Trump’s re-election would do to China’s semiconductor industry.

但在备忘录中，波特和其他官员几次提到中国官员之间正越来越多地谈及如何应对美国的压力，以及担心特朗普的连任将对中国的半导体行业造成多大损害。

In a partially redacted sentence, Mr. Porter wrote about a recommendation that China collect “black materials” about Mr. Trump and “sensationalize” them at the appropriate time.

在一个被部分涂黑的句子中，波特写道，有一项建议是收集关于特朗普的“黑料”，并在合适的时机予以“炒作”。

There is no evidence that recommendation was acted on. But that did not seem to matter to Mr. Trump in his remarks.

没有证据表明该建议已被付诸实施。但这在特朗普的讲话中似乎并不重要。

“In mid-2019, the Chinese government strategy against the United States was focused on undermining domestic confidence in the U.S. president,” Mr. Trump said. “They wanted to just make you sound like your president was not so hot. When actually your president has done a great job.”

“在2019年中期，中国针对美国的战略重点是削弱美国国内对总统的信心，”特朗普说道。“他们只想让你们觉得你们的总统不怎么样。而实际上你们的总统做得非常出色。”

In another section, the file says China was experimenting with creating deepfakes — manipulated images and videos — to denigrate Mr. Trump. Due to redactions, it is unclear whether China did anything more than experiment.

还有文件提到中国正在尝试制作深度伪造内容——即经过篡改的图像和视频——来诋毁特朗普。由于内容被涂黑，目前尚不清楚中国除了尝试之外是否还做了更多事情。

But the dissenting intelligence officers noted that Chinese government had used Chinese organizations to incite protests in the U.S. to undermine Mr. Trump’s re-election chances and that pro-China influence network had posted messaging denigrating the administration.

但持不同意见的情报官员指出，中国政府曾利用中国组织在美国煽动抗议活动以削弱特朗普的连任机会，且亲中影响网络曾发布过诋毁该届政府的言论。

Mr. Trump referred to those intelligence findings in his remarks, but exaggerated what the declassified documents said, portraying them as a far broader effort.

特朗普在讲话中提到了这些情报发现，但他夸大了这些解密文件所表述的内容，将其描绘成了一场规模宏大得多的行动。

In another memo, Mr. Porter wrote that key adversarial countries — Russia, China, Iran and North Korea — all had the capability to access and manipulate data in some election-related computer systems. They found that voter registration databases and election websites were most vulnerable. While systems that tabulate voters could be “vulnerable to localized exploitation,” they found it would be difficult to manipulate on a big enough scale to change the election outcome.

在另一份备忘录中，波特写道，主要的敌对国家——俄罗斯、中国、伊朗和朝鲜——都有能力访问和操纵某些选举相关计算机系统的数据。他们发现，选民登记数据库和选举网站最容易受到攻击。虽然统计选民的系统可能“容易遭到局部的利用”，但他们发现，要在足够大的规模上进行操纵以改变选举结果将是困难的。

The intelligence community assessment conducted on the 2020 vote made much the same points. It said while adversarial powers had the capability of hacking local election systems, any effort to change votes would be detected.

针对2020年投票进行的情报界评估也提出了几乎相同的观点。该报告称，虽然敌对势力有能力黑入地方选举系统，但任何试图更改选票的企图都会被察觉。

One file reveals that in January 2022, actors aligned with the Chinese government obtained public voter registration data from Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Michigan, Oklahoma and Rhode Island and unsuccessfully tried to download a voter registration application from Ohio.

其中一份文件透露，在2022年1月，为中国政府效力的黑客获取了来自科罗拉多州、康涅狄格州、佛罗里达州、俄克拉荷马州、密歇根州和罗德岛州的公共选民登记数据，并曾试图从俄亥俄州下载选民登记申请，但未能成功。

Such information, the report said, could be useful in hacking efforts against those voters or election influence operations. But the report conceded: “The actual motivations for collecting this information is unknown.”

报告称，此类信息可能有助于针对这些选民实施黑客攻击，或用于选举影响行动。但报告承认：“收集这些信息的实际动机尚不明确。”

When Kimberly Dong, an associate professor of nutrition and public health at the Tufts University School of Medicine, names fruits and vegetables that offer the most nutrition per bite, cucumbers aren’t at the top of her list. Still, she said, there are good reasons to eat them.

当塔夫茨大学医学院营养与公共卫生副教授金伯利·董（音）列举每口营养价值最高的果蔬时，黄瓜并非首选。不过，她表示，我们仍然有充分的理由去吃黄瓜。

Low in calories and full of water with some fiber, cucumbers are healthful, she said. And because they’re crunchy, with a mild, refreshing flavor, they pair well with many foods.

她说，黄瓜热量低，水分充足且含有一定膳食纤维，对健康有益。此外，黄瓜口感清脆，味道温和清爽，所以非常适合与许多食物搭配。

Cucumbers come in many variations: standard, fat, thick-skinned garden cucumbers; longer, more slender English (or hothouse) cucumbers with thin skin and smaller seeds; bite-size and bumpy gherkins; crisp, compact Persian cucumbers.

黄瓜有很多品种：粗壮、皮厚的普通地栽黄瓜；更长更细、皮薄籽小的英式黄瓜（或温室黄瓜）；一口大小、表面凹凸不平的迷你黄瓜；以及口感清脆紧实的波斯黄瓜。

However you slice them (or don’t!), here’s why cucumbers are a satisfying summer staple, with recipe ideas from New York Times Cooking.

无论怎么切片（或者整根啃！），黄瓜都是夏日里令人满足的常备食材，了解原因以及《纽约时报》烹饪版的一些食谱建议。

They’re hydrating.

补充水分

As temperatures rise, cucumbers — which are about 96 percent water — are an excellent low-calorie source of hydration, Dr. Dong said.

金伯利·董说，随着气温升高，含水量约达到96%的黄瓜成为了极佳的低热量补水来源。

A 10.5-ounce unpeeled garden cucumber, for instance, contains just over one cup of water and 45 calories.

例如，一根约300克未去皮的地栽黄瓜含有略超一杯的水分，而热量仅为45卡路里。

Gina Jarman Hill, a professor of nutritional sciences at Texas Christian University, said there is a common misconception that cucumbers are “negative-calorie foods” — meaning they contain fewer calories than it takes to burn digesting them. “There’s no such thing as a ‘negative-calorie food,’” she said, but because the number of calories in cucumbers is so low, they’re about as close as you will get to one.

得克萨斯基督教大学营养科学教授吉娜·贾曼·希尔表示，人们普遍存在一种误解，认为黄瓜是“负卡路里食物”——其所含热量低于消化它所需的热量。“世界上并不存在所谓的‘负卡路里食物’，”她说，但是，因为黄瓜的卡路里含量极低，它可以算是最接近这一概念的食物了。

As long as you’re mindful of what you pair them with, Dr. Hill said, there is no reason to curb your cucumber consumption.

希尔指出，只要注意搭配的食物，就没有理由限制黄瓜的食用量。

They may help support metabolic health.

可能有助于维持代谢健康

Because a cucumber has so few carbohydrates (11 grams) and a little bit of fiber (1.5 grams), it has a minimal effect on blood sugar and is considered safe for people with diabetes, Dr. Hill said. Fiber helps to slow digestion, which keeps blood sugar levels in check, she said.

希尔说，由于黄瓜的碳水化合物含量极低（11克），且含有少量膳食纤维（1.5克），所以它对血糖的影响微乎其微，被认为是糖尿病患者的安全食品。她表示，膳食纤维有助于减缓消化速度，从而控制血糖水平。

There is also some limited research in animals and humans showing that eating cucumbers — or their extracts — may benefit insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride and blood pressure levels.

此外，在动物和人类当中进行的一些有限研究表明，食用黄瓜或其提取物可能有益于胰岛素、胆固醇、甘油三酯和血压水平。

In a clinical trial published in 2016, for instance, researchers split 47 patients with slightly elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels into two groups: one that took a daily capsule containing cucumber seed extract and another that took a placebo. After six weeks, the cucumber group had improved blood cholesterol readings compared with those in the placebo group.

例如，在2016年发表的一项临床试验中，研究人员将47名胆固醇和甘油三酯水平略有升高的患者分为两组：一组每天服用含有黄瓜籽提取物的胶囊，另一组服用安慰剂。六周后，与安慰剂组相比，黄瓜组的血液胆固醇指标得到了改善。

These studies are promising, Dr. Dong said, but still preliminary.

金伯利·董说，这些研究令人充满希望，但仍处于初步阶段。

They’re the perfect snack and mealtime companion.

它们是完美的零食和佐餐伴侣

With subtle flavors and a satisfying crunch, cucumbers can be an excellent complement to — or replacement for — many foods. Slices or spears can be healthier substitutes for processed snacks like chips and crackers, and can act as vehicles for fiber-rich bean dips and hummus, Dr. Dong said.

黄瓜味道清淡，口感爽脆，可以成为许多食物的绝佳搭配或是替代品。金伯利·董说，切片或切块的黄瓜可以作为薯片和饼干等加工零食的健康替代品，也可以蘸着富含膳食纤维的豆泥和鹰嘴豆泥食用。

Cucumbers can also make meals feel lighter and fresher by adding volume with minimal calories, said Isaac Bernal, a chef in New York City.

纽约市的厨师艾萨克·伯纳尔表示，黄瓜还可以在几乎不增加热量的情况下增加餐食份量，使菜肴吃起来感觉更清淡、更新鲜。

Fermented pickles, made from cucumbers that have been soaked in a salty brine that encourages beneficial bacteria to grow, may offer some extra health benefits, said Heewon L. Gray, an associate professor of nutrition and dietetics at the University of South Florida. Fermented foods have been linked to reduced inflammation and better gut health. (Regular pickles can also be a healthy snack, but they’re pasteurized or made with vinegar to inhibit the growth of bacteria.)

发酵腌黄瓜是将黄瓜浸泡在能促进有益菌生长的盐水中制成的，南佛罗里达大学营养与饮食学副教授希沃恩·格雷表示，它可能会提供一些额外的健康益处。发酵食品已被证明有助于减少炎症和改善肠道健康。（普通腌黄瓜也可以是一种健康的零食，但发酵腌黄瓜经过了巴氏杀菌，或添加了醋以抑制细菌生长。）

You can find fermented pickles in the refrigerated sections of grocery stores. They often have “fermented,” “probiotic” or “containing live cultures” labels, and don’t include vinegar among their ingredients, Dr. Gray said. Keep in mind that pickles — fermented or not — are salty. One dill pickle spear has 326 milligrams, or 14 percent of the daily recommended limit.

你可以在食品店的冷藏区找到发酵腌黄瓜。格雷说，它们通常贴有“发酵”、“益生菌”或“含活性菌种”的标签，并且配料表中不含醋。请记住，无论是否发酵，腌黄瓜都是咸的。一长条莳萝腌黄瓜含有326毫克钠，占每日推荐限量值的14%。

Whether on the side or at the center of a dish, these recipes from New York Times Cooking will help you work more cucumbers into your summer menu.

无论作为配菜还是主菜，《纽约时报》烹饪版推荐的这些食谱可以帮助你在夏日菜单中加入更多黄瓜。

Chinese Smashed Cucumbers With Sesame Oil and Garlic

中式芝麻油蒜香拍黄瓜

Christopher Testani for The New York Times. Simon Andrews.

The classic Chinese dish of smashed cucumbers becomes a main dish with the addition of shredded chicken. For a no-cook meal on a hot day, use a store-bought rotisserie bird.

China on Friday rejected President Trump’s claim that it had meddled in American elections as baseless. But its response was relatively restrained, a sign that Beijing did not want to let the accusation derail a thaw in relations that both sides have spent months trying to preserve.

周五，中国驳斥了特朗普总统关于中国干预美国大选的指控，称其毫无根据。但北京的回应相对克制，表明它不愿让这一指控破坏双方数月来共同努力维护的关系回暖势头。

Mr. Trump had said in a speech that China had carried out “the largest compromise of election data in history” starting with the 2020 cycle, one of several claims he made that was either overstated or untethered from reality.

特朗普在一次演讲中声称，中国从2020年大选周期开始实施了“史上最大规模的选举数据入侵”，这是他提出的诸多夸大其词或脱离事实的指控之一。

In Beijing, a foreign ministry spokesman, Lin Jian, said that China had “no interest in interfering in the U.S. elections and has never done so,” adding that the claims “are aimed at vilifying China.” It leveled a vague accusation back at Washington for “wantonly” interfering in other countries.

在北京，外交部发言人林剑表示，中国“没有兴趣也从未干涉美国大选”，并称这些指控“无端抹黑中国”。与此同时，中方也反过来对华盛顿提出了一项笼统的指责，称美国“动辄”干涉他国内政。

The response was firm but made no demands for retractions or threats of punishment. On China’s social media, commentators who are usually stridently nationalist were mostly quiet.

中方的回应措辞强硬，但并未要求美方撤回言论，也未发出惩罚威胁。在中国社交媒体上，平时高调的民族主义评论人士大多保持沉默。

China experts said this showed that Beijing saw Mr. Trump’s speech as an attempt at playing to American voters ahead of midterm elections, rather than a broadside directed at China.

中国问题专家表示，这表明北京方面认为特朗普的演讲是中期选举前向美国选民进行的政治表演，而非针对中国的猛烈抨击。

It also underscored a desire on Beijing’s part to maintain a truce that was struck in May during a summit between Mr. Trump and China’s top leader, Xi Jinping.

这也凸显出北京方面希望维持今年5月特朗普与中国最高领导人习近平在峰会上达成的休战局面。

Mr. Trump’s rhetoric on China during his address was “definitely harsh,” said Sun Yun, a scholar of China at the Stimson Center, a research group in Washington. But Mr. Trump had built up so much good will in recent months, she added, “there is some resilience in the relationship.”

华盛顿智库史汀生中心的中国问题专家孙韵表示，特朗普在演讲中对中国的措辞“确实强硬”。但她又说，特朗普近几个月已经积累了大量善意，“双边关系具有一定的韧性”。

Playing the China Card

打中国牌

From Beijing’s perspective, Mr. Trump was taking aim at China for domestic political reasons, experts said. Officials in China understand that the Republicans are under pressure ahead of the midterm elections.

专家们表示，从北京的角度来看，特朗普是出于国内政治目的而将矛头对准中国。中国官员明白，共和党在中期选举前面临压力。

Chinese state media commentaries have argued that Mr. Trump has lost some of the support of his political base following his military intervention in Venezuela and the war in Iran. They have noted that he has failed to keep factory jobs at home, while consumers “bear higher fuel costs and inflation.”

中国官方媒体评论称，在对委内瑞拉进行军事干预以及发动伊朗战争之后，特朗普已经失去了部分政治基本盘的支持。他们还指出，特朗普未能把制造业岗位留在国内，同时消费者却“承受着更高的燃料成本和通货膨胀”。

Viewed through this lens, Mr. Trump’s speech was an attempt at mobilizing voters by fanning the idea of foreign intervention, said Wu Xinbo, an American studies scholar at Fudan University in Shanghai.

上海复旦大学美国研究专家吴心伯表示，从这个角度来看，特朗普的演讲是通过渲染外国干预的论调来动员选民。

“Trump played this card mainly for domestic politics, it was not aimed at China-U.S. relations,” said Mr. Wu, adding that this was something Chinese officials would likely not respond to if it was a one-off.

“特朗普打这张牌主要是为了国内政治，并不是针对中美关系，”吴心伯说。他还表示，如果这只是偶发性的言论，中国官方很可能不会作出回应。

5月，特朗普与中国领导人习近平在北京人民大会堂。

Documents released by the White House that Mr. Trump said bolstered his claims suggest there is evidence of a pro-China influence effort and that Beijing was skeptical of President Trump. But that was a minority perspective inside the intelligence agencies, and the intelligence officers who held that view said they had only low or medium confidence in their assessments.

特朗普表示，白宫公布的文件为他的指控提供了支持。这些文件显示，确有证据表明存在一场亲华的影响力行动，而且北京方面当时对特朗普总统也持怀疑态度。不过，这只是美国情报机构内部的一种少数意见，而持这一观点的情报人员也表示，他们对这一评估只有低到中等程度的信心。

China Wants to Preserve the Stability

中国希望维持关系稳定

The U.S.-China relationship steadied in October after Beijing agreed to suspend its limits on exports of rare earth metals and Washington halved tariffs on China related to fentanyl. “We’re not going to hurt China,” Mr. Trump said at the time.

去年10月，在北京同意暂停对稀土金属出口的限制、华盛顿将涉及芬太尼的对华关税削减一半之后，中美关系趋于平稳。“我们不会伤害中国，”特朗普当时表示。

After Mr. Trump met with Mr. Xi in Beijing, China said both sides had agreed that U.S. tariffs would not rise further. They agreed on a relationship based on “constructive strategic stability,” a vague term meant to signal that both sides would limit hostilities.

特朗普在北京与习近平举行会晤后，中方表示，双方同意美国不会进一步提高对华关税。双方还同意建立一种以“建设性战略稳定”为基础的关系。这是一个措辞较为模糊的表述，但意在表明双方都会限制敌对行为。

During his trip, Mr. Trump invited Mr. Xi to the White House on Sept. 24, a meeting that officials are now working toward. Beijing expects the upcoming visit to help improve trade ties.

访华期间，特朗普邀请习近平于9月24日访问白宫，目前双方官员正为此次会晤做准备。北京期待这次访问能够进一步改善双边贸易关系。

Any disruption to the fragile détente will hinge on whether Mr. Trump decides to take additional action on his claims of election meddling.

这一脆弱的缓和局面是否能维系下去将取决于特朗普是否会针对其所谓中国干预美国选举的指控采取进一步行动。

If Mr. Trump were to take fresh actions against China, like putting new tariffs on Chinese goods, said Mr. Wu, “China would certainly retaliate.”

吴心伯表示，如果特朗普对中国采取新举措，比如对中国商品加征新关税，“中国肯定会进行反制”。

The Chinese Economy Needs the U.S.

中国经济需要美国

China may also be tempering its response because it wants to make nice with the United States on trade disputes as its own economy stumbles and as its companies face pushback from foreign governments.

中国之所以保持克制，或许也与其希望在经济承压、以及中国企业在海外面临阻力之际与美国改善贸易关系有关。

Earlier this week, China reported that its economy grew at the slowest pace in three years. It is also facing increased scrutiny in other parts of the world as its exports surge, raising alarm among politicians in Europe and Southeast Asia. Chinese shipments overseas climbed 27 percent over the month of June and its trade surplus with the world climbed to more than $125 billion, its second largest on record.

上周早些时候，中国公布的数据显示其经济增速降至三年来最低水平。与此同时，随着中国出口激增，其不仅在世界其他地区面临更严格的审视，也引发了欧洲和东南亚政界人士的担忧。6月，中国对外出口同比增长27%，对全球贸易顺差攀升至逾1250亿美元，创历史第二高位。

At home, Chinese families are feeling poorer, consuming less, and have fewer job prospects. That means that China needs markets overseas to keep its factories churning, grow its economy and create new jobs, said Ja Ian Chong, an associate professor of political science at the National University of Singapore.

在国内，中国家庭普遍感到财富缩水，消费意愿下降，就业前景暗淡。新加坡国立大学政治学副教授庄嘉颖表示，这意味着中国需要开拓海外市场，以维持工厂运转、推动经济增长、创造新的就业岗位。

“Having more access to the U.S. market could also take some of the pressure off China’s economic relationships with a bunch of other countries from Europe to Africa and Asia,” he said.

“获得更多进入美国市场的机会也有助于缓解中国与欧洲、非洲以及亚洲一系列国家之间经济关系所承受的部分压力，”他说。

The Philippines on Friday condemned as racist a video posted by a state-run Chinese publication that depicted the country as a karaoke-singing monkey doing the bidding of the United States and Japan, as tensions rose again over territorial claims in the South China Sea.

随着南海领土主张引发的紧张局势再次升级，菲律宾周五谴责了一则中国官媒发布的视频，称其具有种族主义色彩。该视频将该国描绘成一只唱卡拉OK的猴子，在奉美国和日本之命行事。

The video was created with artificial intelligence and posted by China Daily on its Facebook page last week, as the Philippines commemorated the 10th anniversary of a legal victory over China, in which an international tribunal rejected Beijing’s expansive claims to sovereignty over the South China Sea. The tribunal also ruled that China had violated international law by causing “irreparable harm” to the marine environment, endangering Philippine ships and interfering with Philippine fishing and oil exploration.

该视频由人工智能生成，并于上周由《中国日报》发布在其Facebook页面上。当时菲律宾正在纪念对华诉讼胜利十周年，在该诉讼中，一个国际仲裁庭否决了北京对南海广泛的主权主张，还裁定中国因对海洋环境造成“不可挽回的破坏”、危及菲律宾船只并干涉菲律宾捕鱼和石油勘探而违反了国际法。

But while the decision was legally binding, there was no mechanism for enforcing it. So China continued to build new military bases in the South China Sea and lay claim to the waters, ignoring international criticism. This has led to many skirmishes with regional neighbors, particularly the Philippines, which analysts have warned could potentially be a flashpoint for a bigger conflict.

虽然该决定具有法律约束力，但缺乏强制执行机制。因此，中国无视国际社会批评，继续在南海建设新的军事基地并对相关水域提出主权主张。这导致了与该地区邻国（特别是菲律宾）的许多冲突，分析人士警告说可能由此引发更大的冲突。

In the video, which is roughly a minute long, two human arms representing the United States and Japan force a monkey onto a karaoke stage in the middle of the ocean and force it to sing. The primate sings, “We attempt to bypass China and initiate the so-called maritime delimitation talks,” referring to negotiations about physical boundaries. But the two hands intervene, saying the monkey was not following orders — presumably because it uttered the words “bypass China” — and toss it overboard to be water cannoned by a ship. The last scene casts a document titled “South China Sea Arbitration Award,” as litter.

在这段长约一分钟的视频中，代表美国和日本的两只人类手臂将一只猴子强行推上海洋中央的卡拉OK舞台并逼迫其唱歌。这只灵长类动物唱道：“我们主张绕过中国，推进所谓海洋划界谈判”，指的是关于实体边界的谈判。但这两只手进行了干预，称这只猴子没有服从命令——大概是因为它说出了“绕过中国”这几个字——并将其扔下船，被一艘船发射的水炮轰击。最后一个场景将题为《南海仲裁案裁决》的文件描绘成了一张废纸。

The Philippine defense secretary, Gilberto Teodoro Jr., criticized the video last week, calling it part of “contrived history.” The video appears to have gained traction online this week.

菲律宾国防部长吉尔伯托·特奥多罗此前批评了该视频，称其为“人为捏造的历史”的一部分。该视频后来似乎在网络上引起了广泛关注。

On Friday, the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs said it had lodged a formal diplomatic protest with Beijing, saying that China had gone “beyond legitimate political debate by resorting to demeaning, dehumanizing and racist depiction of Filipinos.” Disagreement over legal and political issues, it said, “does not justify resorting to imagery that has no place in public discourse of responsible states.”

上周五，菲律宾外交部表示已向北京提出正式外交抗议，称中国已“通过诉诸贬低、剥夺人性及种族主义的方式描绘菲律宾人，超出了合法的政治辩论”。外交部表示，不能因为法律和政治问题上的分歧而“在负责任国家的公共讨论中使用不合时宜的形象描绘”。

In a statement on Friday, it said that Leo Herrera-Lim, an under secretary with the department, had raised the issue with China’s ambassador in Manila, Jing Quan, on Thursday, demanding that the video be taken down. But the video had already spread widely online.

在周五的一份声明中，菲律宾外交部表示其副部长里奥·赫雷拉-林已于周四向中国驻马尼拉大使井泉提出了这一问题，要求下架该视频。但视频已经在网上广泛流传。

China’s Embassy in Manila did not respond to a request for comment, but it has repeatedly rejected the arbitral award.

中国驻马尼拉大使馆没有回应置评请求，但多次表示拒绝接受该仲裁裁决。

Japan, along with the United States, is among the most vocal backers of the Philippines against China’s claims in the region. Tokyo is not involved in the South China Sea dispute, but has a similar issue with China over the Senkaku islands in the East China Sea.

日本与美国一样，是菲律宾在该地区对抗中国主张的最强烈支持者之一。东京并未卷入南海争端，但与中国在东海尖阁诸岛（中方称钓鱼岛）问题上存在类似争端。

Japan and the Philippines recently said that they had begun talks to delimit overlapping maritime claims east of Taiwan, involving the northernmost Philippine Islands, known as the Batanes, and outposts of Japan’s Okinawa Prefecture.

日本和菲律宾最近表示，他们已开始就台湾以东重叠的海洋主张进行划界谈判，涉及菲律宾最北部的群岛（称为巴丹群岛）以及日本冲绳县的边远前哨。

China claims Taiwan, a self-governing island, as its own, and last week, according to reports in Chinese media, Chinese scholars suggested Beijing also has rights to the Batanes Islands. The Philippines rejected those claims.

中国主张对自治岛屿台湾拥有主权，据中国媒体报道，上周中国学者表示北京对巴丹群岛也拥有权利。菲律宾拒绝了这些主张。

Just two months ago, President Trump and China’s leader, Xi Jinping, strolled together through a garden of the secretive leadership compound in the heart of Beijing, past rows of bright flowers and leafy plants.

就在两个月前，特朗普总统还与中国国家主席习近平并肩漫步于北京市中心那座戒备森严的领导人驻地花园，穿行在一排排鲜花和草木间。

The U.S. president toasted Mr. Xi as “my friend” at a state banquet during his visit. He declared that he had received a “magnificent welcome like none other” that had helped smooth the way to “fantastic trade deals.”

访问期间，美国总统在国宴上举杯，称习近平为“我的朋友”。他宣称受到了“前所未有的盛情款待”，这为促成“极为出色的贸易协议”铺平了道路。

The stage was set, Mr. Trump said, for Mr. Xi to make a reciprocal state visit to Washington in late September.

特朗普表示，中国领导人将于9月底对美国进行国事访问，相关安排已经就绪。

But in a prime-time speech on Thursday night, Mr. Trump struck an overtly hostile note, accusing China of carrying out “the largest compromise of election data in history.”

然而，在周四晚间的黄金时段演讲中，特朗普总统却摆出了一种公开的敌对姿态，指责中国实施了“史上最大规模的选举数据入侵”。

Mr. Trump said he was releasing declassified documents that showed China had interfered in the election, though the actual material failed to reveal any new or potent information about Beijing’s efforts.

特朗普表示，他将公布一批解密文件，以证明中国干预了美国大选。然而，实际材料并未披露任何有关中国行动的新信息或有力证据。

And U.S. intelligence assessments said there was no evidence China did anything to affect the outcome of the 2020 vote.

美国情报机构的评估也指出，没有证据表明中国曾采取任何行动来影响2020年大选的结果。

The question now is not whether there was anything substantial behind Mr. Trump’s accusations, but whether his remarks threw off the relationship he had been trying to establish with Mr. Xi.

现在的问题并非特朗普的指控背后是否真有实质性内容，而是他的这番言论是否破坏了此前他一直试图与习近平建立的关系。

Probably not, analysts say, given Mr. Trump’s persistent, gushing admiration of Mr. Xi over the years, his embattled foreign policy in other areas — namely, the Iran war — and the commercial leverage that China has over the United States.

分析人士认为，可能并不会导致这样的结果。这是因为，特朗普多年来对习近平始终大加赞赏；其次，他在其他领域（尤其是伊朗战争）的外交政策方面已经自顾不暇；以及中国拥有巨大的对美商业筹码。

Still, Mr. Trump’s speech showed how quickly he can put aside diplomatic goals to try to gain short-term advantage in domestic matters, even when it involves the world’s other superpower.

尽管如此，特朗普的讲话表明，为了在国内政治中获得短期利益，即使涉及世界另一个超级大国，他也会迅速将外交目标搁置一旁。

His casting of China as a villain in U.S. elections came as he was desperately trying to get an election regulation bill passed in Congress. He also evoked the boogeyman of China in his 2016 presidential campaign and again in 2020, when the pandemic hobbled his re-election chances.

他将中国塑造成美国选举中的反派角色之际，正值他急于推动国会放行一项选举监管法案。在2016年总统竞选期间，以及2020年新冠疫情削弱其连任前景时，他都曾搬出中国威胁论。

The Chinese government appears to be taking Mr. Trump’s comments in stride. There was little coverage of his remarks in state news outlets, and a foreign ministry spokesman, Lin Jian, shared boilerplate comments when asked about the accusations.

中国政府似乎对特朗普的言论不以为意。官方媒体对其讲话的报道寥寥无几，外交部发言人林剑在被问及这些指控时，仅给出了例行公事般的表态。

“This is a false allegation and serious smear that has long been proven to be unfounded,” he said on Friday. “We urge the U.S. to reflect on its behavior, stop vilifying China and framing China for election purposes, and act in ways conducive to China-U.S. relations.”

“美方有关说法纯属无中生有、恶意抹黑，早已被证明是无稽之谈，”他在周五表示。“我们敦促美方反躬自省，停止无端抹黑中国，不要在选举中拿中国说事，多做有利于中美关系的事。”

That last line indicated that Chinese officials think Mr. Trump’s accusations were oriented toward domestic politics, and were not a harbinger of a policy shift.

最后这句话表明，中国官员认为特朗普的指控主要是针对国内政治的需要，而非政策转变的先兆。

Mr. Xi, rather than acknowledging Mr. Trump’s remarks, spent Friday at a forum in Shanghai laying out China’s vision for global cooperation and governance on artificial intelligence.

习近平并未就特朗普的言论作出回应，而是于周五现身上海的一个论坛，阐述中国在全球人工智能合作与治理方面的愿景。

“Based on China’s low-level and rote response, I am confident they understand Trump’s comments are almost entirely about domestic U.S. politics,” said Ryan Hass, a former career diplomat and White House national security official who directs a China center at the Brookings Institution. “Count me skeptical that Trump’s speech will have lasting impact on the relationship, unless he goes well beyond where he left things last night.”

美国布鲁金斯学会中国中心主任、前职业外交官及白宫国家安全官员何瑞恩(Ryan Hass)表示：“从中国低级别、程式化的回应来看，我相信他们明白，特朗普的言论几乎完全是为了美国国内政治。除非特朗普接下来采取实质性的进一步行动，否则我对这次演讲会对两国关系产生持久影响持怀疑态度。”

John Culver, a retired intelligence officer specializing in China, years ago examined the material presented by Mr. Trump on Thursday night. Mr. Culver said that “as with the disputed U.S. 2020 elections, Xi likely understands that Trump’s renewed claims — with no new evidence — reflect Trump’s low approval ratings and the prospect of deep Republican Party losses in the midterm elections.”

曾长期负责中国事务的美国退休情报官员约翰·卡尔弗表示，他多年前就研究过特朗普周四晚公布的那些材料。卡尔弗说：“正如围绕2020年美国大选的争议一样，习近平很可能明白，特朗普如今再次提出这些并没有新证据支持的指控，反映的是特朗普支持率低迷，以及共和党可能在中期选举中遭遇重大失利的前景。”

Asked for comment, the White House said only that plans for Mr. Xi to visit Washington in September were proceeding.

白宫在被要求置评时，仅表示习近平9月访问华盛顿的计划正在按部就班地推进。

Discussion of the major issues around the summit is expected to take place next week when Secretary of State Marco Rubio travels to Manila, the capital of the Philippines. He has plans to meet with Wang Yi, China’s top diplomat, on the sidelines of an annual conference of Southeast Asian nations.

预计双方将在下周讨论峰会的主要议题。届时，美国国务卿鲁比奥将前往菲律宾首都马尼拉，并计划在东南亚国家年度会议期间与中国外长王毅举行会晤。

After meeting with Mr. Wang in Malaysia a year ago, Mr. Rubio said the two nations were seeking “strategic stability.” Chinese officials at the Beijing summit then got Mr. Trump to agree to a framework of “constructive strategic stability.”

一年前在马来西亚与王毅会面后，鲁比奥曾表示，两国正在寻求“战略稳定”。中国官员随后在北京峰会期间促成了特朗普同意“建设性战略稳定”作为双边关系的框架。

At the forum in Shanghai, Mr. Xi said that China as a superpower would ensure developing nations had proper access to advances in A.I., and that together they would share the technology to avoid “new historical injustices.”

在上海举行的论坛上，习近平表示，中国作为一个超级大国，中国将确保发展中国家能够公平获得人工智能发展的成果，并与各国共享相关技术，以避免出现“新的历史不公”。

“The juxtaposition of Trump’s and Xi’s speeches makes for a truly alarming split screen — China planning forward and presenting a collaborative front, America looking backward and appearing highly conspiratorial and polarized,” said Julian Gewirtz, a China historian who worked at the White House National Security Council and the State Department in the Biden administration.

曾在拜登政府白宫国家安全委员会和国务院任职的中国史学者朱利安·格维兹表示：“把特朗普和习近平的演讲放在一起，形成了鲜明而令人警觉的对比——中国着眼未来，并呈现出合作姿态；而美国却在回顾过去，呈现出高度阴谋论色彩和严重政治极化的景象。”

Mr. Gewirtz added that Mr. Xi’s words about injustices, while vague, carried “a profoundly appealing message to many countries around the world that fear the Trump administration will capriciously cut off their access to American A.I. systems.”

格维兹还表示，习近平关于“历史不公”的表述虽然较为含糊，但“向世界上许多担心特朗普政府会随意切断它们获取美国人工智能系统渠道的国家传递了一个极具吸引力的信息”。

That has been the pattern throughout the second Trump administration when it comes to the United States and China: Mr. Xi, the world’s most powerful autocrat, voicing global goals, while Mr. Trump talks about his obsessions and grievances.

这已成为特朗普第二任期内美中关系的基本模式：作为世界上最有权势的威权领导人，习近平在阐述全球性目标；而特朗普则沉浸于他的执念与积怨之中。

Mr. Xi has picked up on that, and has deployed flattery at times to try to ensure that at least personal relations with Mr. Trump remain stable. At the state banquet in Beijing on May 14, over courses of crispy beef ribs, roasted Peking duck and tiramisu, Mr. Xi said in a toast that “the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and making America great again can go hand in hand.”

习近平显然也注意到了这一点，并不时通过赞扬特朗普试图确保至少两人的私人关系保持稳定。5月14日在北京举行的国宴上，习近平在祝酒辞中表示：“实现中华民族伟大复兴和让美国再次伟大，完全可以并行不悖。”那场国宴的菜品包括香酥牛肋排、北京烤鸭和提拉米苏等。

国务卿鲁比奥将前往马尼拉参加国际会议，预计届时美中两国将讨论双方元首峰会的主要议题。

Instead of rejecting Mr. Trump’s signature phrase and movement — one that blames China for the downfall of U.S. manufacturing — Mr. Xi has appropriated it for his diplomatic aims.

习近平没有否定特朗普“让美国再次伟大”这一标志性口号及其政治运动——尽管该运动将美国制造业的衰落归咎于中国——反而巧妙地将其纳入自己的外交目标。

Mr. Xi has reason to be confident. Last year, when Mr. Trump tried to escalate his trade war with China, Mr. Xi retaliated by moving to cut the United States off from supplies of processed rare earth minerals, over which China has a monopoly. Mr. Trump backed down, and has since tried to improve relations.

中国领导人有理由保持自信。去年，当特朗普试图升级对华贸易战时，中国领导人通过切断美国对中国垄断的加工稀土矿物的供应进行报复。特朗普最终退让，此后一直试图改善两国关系。

On Friday, the Chinese government said it welcomed the expiration of an order issued by Mr. Trump in 2020 that stripped Hong Kong of its special trade status with the United States. Mr. Trump issued the order after China imposed a harsh national security law on Hong Kong and quashed peaceful protests, moves that angered some of his aides.

周五，中国政府表示，欢迎特朗普于2020年签署、取消香港对美特殊贸易地位的行政命令到期不再延续。当年，中国在香港实施严厉的国家安全法并镇压和平抗议活动，此举激怒了特朗普的一些幕僚，他随即签署了这项命令。

But Mr. Trump rarely talks about human rights or democracy, and his efforts to hold a series of meetings with Mr. Xi this year are his priority now. Mr. Trump has always been excited by diplomatic pageantry with world leaders.

然而，特朗普鲜少谈及人权或民主，他今年与习近平举行一系列会晤的计划才是他眼下的首要事项。特朗普向来热衷于与世界各国领导人举行具有仪式感的外交活动。

To ensure the meetings go smoothly, Mr. Trump has decided to halt final approval of a package of weapons to Taiwan valued at $14 billion, despite the fact the Congress has endorsed the sales.

为了确保会晤顺利进行，特朗普已决定暂缓批准一项对台武器销售计划，该计划总值达140亿美元，尽管国会已批准此项军售。

Yet Chinese officials do not assume that any fundamental change to the relationship is taking place, no matter what remarks the U.S. president makes, said Yun Sun, a scholar at the Stimson Center in Washington. They still view the United States and China as engaged in a long-term competition, with the 20th-century superpower in decline and the Asian nation taking its place.

不过，华盛顿史汀生中心的学者孙韵表示，无论特朗普总统发表什么言论，中国官员都不会认为两国关系正在发生根本性变化。他们依然认为，美中正处于一场长期竞争之中——作为20世纪超级大国的美国正在走向衰落，而这个亚洲国家正取而代之。

Lam Wing-kee, a bookseller in Hong Kong whose abduction and imprisonment by Chinese authorities, forced confession to selling forbidden books and subsequent public stand against his detention made him an international cause célèbre, died on July 2 in Taipei, the capital of Taiwan. He was 70.

香港书商林荣基曾遭中国当局绑架和监禁，被迫承认出售禁书，随后他公开反对这种拘留行为，这使他成为国际瞩目的焦点。7月2日，他在台湾首都台北去世，享年70岁。

Mr. Lam’s death in a hospital, from lung cancer, was announced by the ministry of culture in Taiwan, where Mr. Lam had been living in exile since 2019.

自2019年以来，林荣基一直流亡台湾。他在医院因肺癌去世的消息由台湾文化部对外宣布。

For two decades, Mr. Lam’s celebrated Hong Kong storefront, Causeway Bay Bookstore, specialized in titles that visitors from mainland China craved but could never hope to obtain where they lived: cheaply produced, racy, often salacious accounts of the private lives of top Communist Party officials, including President Xi Jinping, as well as provocative critiques of mainland rule.

二十年来，林荣基在香港经营的著名书店“铜锣湾书店”专门出售中国大陆游客梦寐以求却在大陆无从获得的书籍：它们制作粗糙、内容猎奇，往往涉及包括国家主席习近平在内的中共高层官员私生活的露骨描述，以及对大陆统治的挑衅性批评。

In late 2015, Mr. Lam was one of five booksellers kidnapped by Chinese officials, and he eventually spoke out, denouncing the five months he had spent in solitary confinement merely for selling books that authorities on the mainland wanted suppressed.

2015年底，林荣基是被中国官员绑架的五名书商之一。他最终站出来发声，控诉自己只是因为出售大陆当局想要查禁的书籍，就被单独监禁了五个月。

In all, he spent eight months in custody, released only after agreeing to provide authorities with information on customers and authors. Back in Hong Kong, though, Mr. Lam refused to cooperate.

他总共被关押了八个月，直到同意向当局提供有关客户和作者的信息后才获释。然而，回到香港后，林荣基拒绝配合。

His case came to be seen by fellow Hong Kong citizens as symbolic of the city’s fast-eroding liberties under Chinese rule. There were demonstrations during his detention, and thousands took to the streets again after his release in a show of support after he gave a surprise news conference in June 2016.

他的案件被香港市民视为该市的自由在中国治下迅速遭到侵蚀的象征。在他被羁押期间，曾发生过示威游行；2016年6月他举行了一场出人意料的新闻发布会后，又有数千市民再次走上街头以示支持。

2016年，林荣基的支持者呼吁释放其他书商。

Chinese officials had expected him to return to the mainland, bearing a computer hard drive with customer names. Instead, he summoned Hong Kong reporters and described being kidnapped at a Chinese border crossing in October 2015, blindfolded and handcuffed, and kept in a 200-square-foot room under constant guard for months, to be charged with “illegal sales of books.”

中国官员原本期望他带着装有客户名单的电脑硬盘返回大陆。然而，他召集了香港记者，描述了自己于2015年10月在一个中国边境口岸被绑架的经过——他被蒙住双眼、戴上手铐，被关押在一个不到20平米的房间里，几个月来一直受到严密监视，罪名是“非法销售书籍”。

The officials, he said, then scripted a “confession,” making him record it over and over until they were satisfied, and forced him to read it on state television in February 2016.

他说，官员们随后编写了一份“供词”，让他一遍又一遍地录音直到他们满意为止，并迫使他于2016年2月在国家电视台上宣读这份供词。

Four months later, defiant in front of journalists, Mr. Lam — “thin and wiry, with an unruly pouf of side-swept gray hair and a wisp of mustache,” as Alex W. Palmer later described him in The New York Times Magazine — proclaimed his city’s independent spirit.

四个月后，林荣基在记者面前表现出不屈服的态度，亚历克斯·帕尔默后来在《纽约时报杂志》中描述他“身材瘦削结实，留着一头凌乱的偏分灰发和一抹小胡子”，他宣示了香港这座城市的独立精神。

“I want to tell the whole world: Hong Kongers will not bow down to brute force,” Mr. Lam said.

“我想告诉全世界：香港人绝不会向强权屈服，”林荣基说。

2017年，林荣基在香港铜锣湾书店原址外。

In 2014, Mr. Lam had sold his bookstore to one of the most successful of the forbidden-book publishers, Mighty Current Media, and he remained as manager. It was three of Mighty Current’s employees and one of its owners, Gui Minhai, who were swept up along with Mr. Lam late the next year. Mr. Gui remains in custody in China.

2014年，林荣基将他的书店卖给了最成功的禁书出版商之一巨流传媒，并继续担任经理。次年年底，与林荣基一起被抓捕的正是巨流传媒的三名员工及老板之一桂民海。桂民海目前仍被关押在中国。

For years before his abduction, Mr. Lam had made furtive trips to the mainland with his books, often using false covers and always managing to stay one step ahead of officials. Then, on Oct. 24, 2015, he was bringing books across the border at Shenzhen, the port city where his girlfriend also lived, when security officials snatched him.

在被绑架之前的几年里，林荣基曾多次秘密携带书籍前往大陆，通常使用伪装的封面，并且总能设法领先官员一步。然而，在2015年10月24日，当他带着书在深圳（他女友也居住在这个港口城市）越过边境时，安全官员抓走了他。

The next months were a nightmare. He didn’t know where he was being held. He was repeatedly interrogated. He battled despair.

接下来的几个月如同一场噩梦。他不知道自己被关押在何处，屡遭审讯，与绝望作斗争。

“You have a complete disconnection from the outside world,” he told Mr. Palmer of The Times Magazine in 2018. “You don’t know what will happen. They can do anything to you.”

“你和外界完全隔绝了，”他在2018年告诉《纽约时报杂志》的帕尔默。“你不知道会发生什么。他们可以对你为所欲为。”

2016年，林荣基在香港的一场新闻发布会上表示：“我想告诉全世界：香港人绝不会向强权低头。”

Lam Wing-kee was born in Hong Kong on Dec. 16, 1955, and attended Heung To Middle School there. His parents had moved from the mainland to Hong Kong, then a British colony, about a decade earlier, during China’s civil war, according to Chan Kin-man, the president of the Taiwan Society for Hong Kong Studies, who knew Mr. Lam.

林荣基于1955年12月16日出生于香港，曾就读于当地的香岛中学。据认识林荣基的台湾香港研究学会理事长陈健民称，大约在他出生10年前的国共内战期间，林荣基的父母从大陆移居到当时还是英国殖民地的香港。

From 1985 to 1989, Mr. Lam worked in the book distribution department at the Chung Hwa Book Company, funded by the Chinese. After the Chinese government’s crackdown on pro-democracy student demonstrators in Beijing‘s Tiananmen Square in June 1989, he moved to the dissident-supporting Greenfield Bookstore.

1985年至1989年，林荣基在拥有中资背景的中华书局图书发行部工作。1989年6月，中国政府镇压北京天安门广场支持民主的学生示威者后，他转到了支持异见人士的田园书屋工作。

He founded Causeway Bay in 1994, and it remained a fixture for critics of the mainland, especially after the transfer of sovereignty to China from Britain in 1997.

1994年，他创办了铜锣湾书店。该书店一直是大陆批评者的固定去处，特别是在1997年香港主权从英国移交中国之后。

It was only after his return to Hong Kong in June 2016 that Mr. Lam learned that thousands of his fellow citizens had marched during his captivity, demanding his release and that of the other seized booksellers. He also learned that Causeway Bay had been sold and shuttered.

直到2016年6月返回香港后，林荣基才得知，在他被关押期间，数千名香港市民曾上街游行，要求释放他及其他被捕书商。他还得知铜锣湾书店已被出售并关闭。

In 2019, threatened by a new extradition law, Mr. Lam went into exile in Taiwan. In April of the following year, he reopened his store in Taipei. It soon became a gathering spot for exiled Hong Kongers; Mr. Lam slept on a bunk bed behind the cashier’s desk. To visiting journalists, he issued warnings that what happened to Hong Kong could happen to Taiwan, too.

2019年，面对新的引渡法的威胁，林荣基流亡台湾。次年4月，他在台北重开铜锣湾书店。这里很快成为流亡香港人的聚集地；林荣基就睡在收银台后面的双层床上。他对来访的记者发出警告，发生在香港的事情也可能发生在台湾。

2020年，林荣基在台北的铜锣湾书店。这家店很快便成了流亡香港人的聚集地。

After Mr. Lam’s death, Taiwan’s ministry of culture saluted the store as “an inspiration and role model for democracy, liberty and human rights across borders.”

林荣基去世后，台湾文化部向该书店致敬，称其“留下跨越地域、世代的文化精神，以及对民主、自由、人权价值的深刻启发，其典范长存。”

His survivors include his two sons and his ex-wife, all of whom live in England. Huang Chun-sheng, the pastor handling Mr. Lam’s funeral in Taipei, declined to provide their names for security reasons.

他的遗属包括两个儿子和前妻，他们目前都居住在英国。负责在台北处理林先生葬礼的牧师黄春生出于安全原因拒绝提供他们的名字。

The authorities continue to pursue Hong Kong’s booksellers. It was reported on Wednesday that two independent bookstores in Hong Kong, including Greenfield, had been raided, and five people had been arrested. This followed bookstore raids in March and June.

当局仍在继续追捕香港的书商。周三有报道称，香港的两家独立书店（包括田园书屋）遭到突击搜查，五人被捕。此前，在3月和6月也发生过对书店的突击搜查。

Well before his death, Mr. Lam vowed never to return to China. “Contemporary China,” he told The Times Magazine in 2018, “is an absurd country.”

去世之前，林荣基就曾发誓绝不返回中国。他在2018年告诉《纽约时报杂志》，“当代中国是一个荒谬的国家。”

Professor Chan, of the Taiwan Society for Hong Kong Studies, wrote in an email of Mr. Lam that “despite the difficult times, his painstaking efforts to rebuild the Causeway Bay Books in Taipei over the past few years demonstrated the indomitable spirit of Hong Kongers.”

台湾香港研究学会的陈健民在一封关于林荣基的电子邮件中写道：“尽管时局艰难，他过去几年在台北苦心孤诣重建铜锣湾书店的努力展现了香港人百折不挠的精神。”

The Chinese police officers hurried the pastor out of the jail cell where he’d been held for 266 days. They hustled him into a van, then onto a train — where he sat surrounded by about two dozen officers, many with cameras trained on him.

中国警官催促这位牧师离开他被关押了266天的牢房。他们把他押进一辆面包车，随后又带上一列火车——在车上，他被二十多名警察包围着，许多人的摄像头都对着他。

The pastor, Jin Mingri, who founded one of China’s most prominent underground churches, wondered aloud if he was being transferred to a secret prison. An officer laughed and told him to think more positively.

这位名为金明日的牧师创办了中国最著名的地下教会之一，他大声询问自己是否正被转移到一间秘密监狱。一名警官笑了起来，叫他想得乐观一点。

Hours later, Mr. Jin, who also goes by Ezra, had been escorted onto a flight. As the plane started to move, the man sitting next to him turned to introduce himself. He was an American government official, he said.

几个小时后，又名“以斯拉”(Ezra)的金明日被押上一架航班。当飞机开始移动时，坐在他身旁的人转过身来做自我介绍。他说自己是一名美国政府官员。

Mr. Jin was free.

金明日自由了。

Mr. Jin’s sudden release from Chinese jail on July 3, brokered after a personal appeal by President Trump to the Chinese leader, Xi Jinping, was a rare concession from Beijing. It reflects how, in Mr. Xi’s authoritarian system, the fate of such high-profile detainees or prisoners — like Mr. Jin, or the imprisoned Hong Kong pro-democracy dissident Jimmy Lai — can depend less on the courts than on intervention at the highest levels.

金明日于7月3日突然从中国监狱获释，这是在特朗普总统向中国领导人习近平提出个人呼吁后斡旋达成的，是北京方面的罕见让步。这反映出，在习近平的威权体制下，金明日或是香港亲民主派异见人士黎智英这类备受瞩目的被扣押或监禁人员的命运与其说取决于法院，不如说是取决于最高层的干预。

The pastor was rounded up last October in China’s biggest church crackdown in nearly a decade, alongside many of his fellow church leaders. Mr. Trump raised Mr. Jin’s case to Mr. Xi during his visit to Beijing in May, but it had not been clear in the weeks that followed that Mr. Xi, who has tightened controls on society, and on religion in particular, would agree to his release.

这位牧师于去年10月在中国近十年来最大规模的教会镇压行动中被围捕，与其同时被抓的还有其他一些教会领袖。特朗普在5月访问北京期间向习近平提到此案，但在接下来的几周里，习近平是否会同意释放他一直并不明确，习近平近年来收紧了对社会、尤其是对宗教的控制。

特朗普5月访问了北京。他说他向中国领导人习近平提到了金明日的案子。

In an interview with The New York Times, his first since he was arrested in October last year, Mr. Jin recounted the circumstances that led to his detention and eventual release.

金明日接受《纽约时报》采访，讲述了他被拘留及最终获释的经过，这是他去年10月被捕以来首次接受采访。

A Rare Release of a Political Prisoner

政治犯的罕见获释

When Mr. Jin’s flight landed in Los Angeles, his wife and children were waiting. He had not seen them in nearly a decade.

金明日的航班降落在洛杉矶时，他的妻子和孩子们已经在那里等候。他已经近十年没有见到他们了。

“Twenty-four hours earlier I was in such a harsh jail environment, with no idea what the future held, expecting around a 15-year sentence,” Mr. Jin told The Times.

“24小时前，我还处在极其恶劣的监狱环境中，对未来一无所知，可能面临大约15年的刑期，”金明日告诉时报。

“Suddenly, I was free,” he said. “And the fact that I could reunite with my family — my heart was just filled with indescribable emotion.”

“突然间，我自由了，”他说。“能够与家人团聚——我内心充盈着难以言表的激动。”

China has generally resisted American appeals to release political prisoners, treating such cases as a matter of sovereignty. When it has granted releases, it has usually done so only on the condition that detainees confess to guilt, or are on medical parole, or are swapped for Chinese nationals held in the United States.

中国普遍抵制美国要求释放政治犯的呼吁，将此类案件视为主权事务。通常也只有在被拘押者承认有罪、保外就医，或者与在美国被扣押的中国公民进行交换的条件下才会释放。

Mr. Jin, 57, said that he had not been forced to sign any statements and that Chinese officials had not warned him away from future attempts to contact his friends or congregation.

现年57岁的金明日表示，他并未被强迫签署任何声明，中国官员也没有警告他不得在日后尝试联系他的朋友或会众。

“It may be because everybody knows President Xi personally made the decision,” Mr. Jin said. “Otherwise, this wouldn’t be possible.”

“这可能是因为，大家都知道是习近平主席亲自做出的决定，”金明日说。“否则，这是不可能的。”

Mr. Jin and his wife are Chinese nationals, but his children are American citizens. He said he did not know whether the United States and China had struck a deal to secure his freedom. Neither the Chinese government nor the White House has commented on the release. Mr. Trump, while leaving China on Air Force One, had said that Mr. Xi had told him he would “strongly consider the pastor.”

金明日和他的妻子是中国公民，但他的孩子们是美国公民。他说他不知道中美两国是否达成了确保他自由的协议。中国政府和白宫均未对此次释放发表评论。特朗普在乘坐“空军一号”离开中国时曾表示，习近平告诉他会“慎重考虑这位牧师”。

Eight of his fellow church leaders are still in jail.

他的八名教会同工仍被关在监狱里。

The Nationwide Raid on Zion Church

对锡安教会的全面搜捕

Mr. Jin’s ordeal began in October, when dozens of police officers burst into his home in Beihai, a city in southwestern China, while he was eating dinner.

金明日的磨难十于10月，数十名警官闯入了他位于中国东南部城市北海的家中，当时他正在吃晚餐。

They accused him of the crime of “illegally using information networks.” That was a reference to the online activities of Mr. Jin’s church, Zion. The government had shut down its physical space in Beijing in 2018.

他们指控他犯有“非法利用信息网络”罪。这是指他所在的锡安教会的网络活动。政府已于2018年关停了其在北京的实体空间。

2018年被当局正式查封的北京锡安教会。锡安是中国最著名的地下教会之一。

Zion members had been expecting a crackdown. For months, officers had been disrupting gatherings across the country. The day before Mr. Jin’s arrest, he had heard that another Zion pastor, Franklin Wang Lin, had been arrested at the airport while trying to fly to Hong Kong.

锡安教会成员早已预料到会遭到镇压。几个月来，警官们一直在扰乱全国各地的集会。金明日被捕的前一天，他听说另一位锡安教会的牧师王林(Franklin Wang Lin)在尝试飞往香港时于机场被捕。

The Chinese constitution guarantees freedom of religion, but in reality, the ruling Communist Party requires religious groups to register with the government and submit to strict political controls. By some estimates, there are tens of millions of unregistered Christians in China who worship in secret.

中国宪法保障宗教信仰自由，但在现实中，执政的共产党要求宗教团体向政府登记并接受严格的政治控制。据某些估计，中国有数千万未经登记的基督徒在秘密进行礼拜活动。

Two dozen other Zion church members were also detained around the same time, though some were later released.

大约在同一时间，另有二十多名锡安教会成员被拘留，不过其中一些人后来获释。

“We always knew something could happen,” Mr. Jin said. He thought: “What was meant to come, has come.”

“我们心里一直明白可能会发生些什么，”金明日说。他当时想：“该来的总归还是来了。”

Pressured While in Detention

拘押期间被施压

Mr. Jin was taken to a detention center, where he shared a roughly 1,000-square-foot room with between two and three dozen other detainees, who all slept on one giant platform bed. There were no panes in the windows, so the cell was freezing in the winter and sweltering in the summer, he said.

金明日被带到了一个看守所，在那里他与二三十名其他被拘押者合住一间大约100平方米的房间，所有人都在一张巨大的通铺上睡觉。他说，窗户上没有玻璃，所以牢房里冬天严寒，夏天酷热。

During the day, the detainees were required to sit on benches, raising their hands if they wanted to stand. Many detainees developed constipation or sores from being unable to move, he said.

他说，在白天，在押人员被要求坐在板凳上，如果想站起来必须举手。许多人因无法活动而患上了便秘或褥疮。

Officials repeatedly pressured Mr. Jin to plead guilty, he said. Mr. Jin admitted to some of the facts the officers laid out: that he had established a church, continued gathering with members after the church was shut down, and held meetings online. But those acts were not illegal, he told them.

金明日说，官员们屡次施压要求他认罪。他承认了警官们列出的一部分事实：他建立了教会，在教会关停后继续与成员聚会，并在网络上举行会议。但他告诉他们，这些行为并不违法。

The officers said that if he continued refusing, he might draw harsher punishments for his fellow church members, Mr. Jin said. The government revoked the legal credentials of his lawyers, so he had to find new lawyers three times.

金明日说，警官们声称如果他继续拒绝认罪，可能会使他的教会同工遭受更严厉的惩罚。政府撤销了他的律师的法律执业资格，因此他不得不三次重新寻找新律师。

Officials also tried to persuade him by saying he could be reunited with his family sooner. Mr. Jin’s family had moved to the United States in 2018 as pressure grew on Zion, but Mr. Jin chose to stay in China with the church.

官员们还试图通过表示他可以更快地与家人团聚来劝说他。随着对锡安教会的压力增加，金明日的家人于2018年搬到了美国，但他选择留在中国陪伴教会。

金明日31岁的女儿格蕾丝·金·德雷克塞尔去年在华盛顿手持家人的照片。她一直在敦促美国官员呼吁释放她的父亲。

“Of course I desperately wanted to reunite with my family, but you can’t use that to tempt me,” Mr. Jin said. “If I’m guilty, sentence me. If I’m innocent, release me.”

“我当然极度渴望与我的家人团聚，但你不能用这个来引诱我，”金明日说。“如果我有罪，就判我的刑。如果我是无辜的，就释放我。”

A Sliver of Hope

一丝希望

Mr. Jin said he prayed consistently and fasted every Thursday and Friday but sometimes felt despondent. He has diabetes but was given only oral medication, not the insulin he usually took, he said. He was not allowed to write letters.

金明日说他坚持祷告，并在每周四和周五禁食，但有时也会感到绝望。他患有糖尿病，但他说只得到了口服药物，而不是他平时注射的胰岛素。他不被允许写信。

It was through his lawyers that he learned his family in the United States had been lobbying the Trump administration for help. After about a month in detention, he was granted access to a Bible — usually not allowed in Chinese jails — after pressure by his lawyers and the American government.

他通过律师得知，他在美国的家人一直在游说特朗普政府提供帮助。被拘押约一个月后，在律师和美国政府的压力下，他获准使用一本圣经——这在中国监狱里通常是不允许的。

When Mr. Trump met with Mr. Xi in May, Mr. Jin heard about it from a report on China’s state broadcaster, which sometimes played in the jail. But it was not until several weeks later, during a visit by his lawyers, that he learned that Mr. Trump had brought up his case.

特朗普5月与习近平会面时，金明日从中国国家广播电视台的报道中得知这一消息的，监狱里有时会播放该台的内容。但直到几个星期后，在他的律师探视期间，他才了解到特朗普提到了他的案子。

He didn’t dare get too excited. At best, he might be transferred to house arrest, he thought.

他不敢太兴奋。他想，充其量自己可能会被转为监视居住。

“The U.S. government hasn’t had much success asking for people over the past 20 years, especially during the Xi era,” Mr. Jin said. “The Chinese government is too strong now.”

“在过去20年里，特别是在习近平时代，美国政府在要人方面的成功并不多，”金明日说。“中国政府现在太强大了。”

特朗普与习近平在北京会面几个月后，中国释放了金明日牧师。

But around noon on July 3, officers abruptly escorted Mr. Jin from his cell. They brought him to the international airport in Guangzhou, about 300 miles away.

但在7月3日中午左右，警官们突然将金明日押送出了他的牢房。他们把他带到了480多公里外的广州的国际机场。

That was when Mr. Jin began to hope.

这时金明日觉得有希望了。

He was taken to a conference room in the airport. There, officials set up a national emblem. Then the chief prosecutor on his case, who had also traveled from Beihai, formally addressed Mr. Jin, saying that the authorities had “conclusive evidence” of his crime.

他被带到了机场的一个会议室里。在那里，官员们悬挂起了国徽。随后，同样从北海赶来的该案首席检察官正式对他发表讲话，称办案机关掌握了他犯罪的“确凿证据”。

However, the prosecutor continued, they had decided not to indict him.

然而，这名检察官接着说，他们决定不起诉他。

When Mr. Jin pointed out that the argument didn’t make sense, the prosecutor said she couldn’t say more, he said.

当金明日指出这种逻辑说不通时，这名检察官表示她不便多说。

A Long-Awaited Reunion

久违的团聚

When Mr. Jin stepped off the airplane, he saw that his youngest son, who had been 10 years old when they last met, was now taller than him. He had missed the wedding of his oldest child, Grace Jin Drexel, who was now a mother of three. She was carrying her youngest, just one month old, whom she had named Ezra in her father’s honor.

金明日走下飞机时，他看到自己最小的儿子——上次见面时只有10岁——现在已经比他还要高了。他错过了长女格蕾丝·金·德雷克塞尔的婚礼，她现在已经是三个孩子的母亲。她怀里抱着的最小的孩子只有一个月大，为了纪念父亲，她给他取名为“Ezra”。

“Holding the children, that was the happiest moment of my life,” he said.

“抱着孩子们，那是我一生中最幸福的时刻，”他说。

Still, the moment was tinged by grief, too. Ms. Jin Drexel said she almost didn’t recognize her father at first, because he had lost more than 30 pounds. His hair had also been shaved in jail.

尽管如此，那个时刻也夹杂着悲伤。金·德雷克塞尔说，起初她差点没认出父亲，因为他瘦了30多磅。他的头发也在监狱里被剃光了。

On the Fourth of July, the family ate In-N-Out burgers and watched fireworks from their hotel room in Los Angeles.

在7月4日美国独立日那天，一家人在洛杉矶的酒店房间里吃了In-N-Out汉堡，还看了烟花。

Mr. Jin is now living near Washington, the district, with his daughter. He says his emotions can swing rapidly from joy to sorrow, and he has slept little.

金明日现在正与他的女儿一起生活在华盛顿附近。他说自己的情绪波动很大，一会儿高兴一会儿悲伤，而且他睡得很少。

He has been busy lobbying American officials to continue working for the freedom of the eight other Zion leaders, and for religious and human rights in China more broadly. He was considering passing the church’s leadership onto a younger generation.

他一直积极游说美国官员，希望他们继续为其他八名锡安教会领袖的自由而努力，并为更广泛的中国宗教和人权呼吁。他正在考虑将教会的领导权移交给年轻一代。

He said he wanted to emphasize that he was thankful that China had freed him, and hoped it would do so again with others, including Mr. Lai, in Hong Kong.

他说他想强调，他感谢中国释放了他，并希望中国能对其他人（包括香港的黎智英）再次这样做。

“I hope people don’t think ‘We succeeded’ and forget the others,” Mr. Jin said.

“我希望人们不要认为‘我们成功了’就忘记了其他人，”金明日说。

“We must go all out and speak out. That’s what my family did, and look at the result.”

“我们必须全力以赴，发声呼吁。我的家人就是这么做的，这是有效果的。”

China’s leader on Friday laid out his nation’s bid to shape the path of artificial intelligence, casting China as a champion of an open approach to the technology and a trusted ally of developing nations in advancing A.I.

上周五，中国领导人阐述了塑造人工智能发展方向的构想，将中国描绘为开放技术路线的捍卫者，以及帮助发展中国家推进人工智能发展的可靠伙伴。

The remarks by Xi Jinping highlighted the importance that China’s top political and governmental leadership place on artificial intelligence. Mr. Xi’s speech did not mention the United States by name, but the message was clear: China plans to compete as the world’s other A.I. superpower.

习近平的讲话凸显了中国最高党政领导层对人工智能的高度重视。讲话虽然没有点名美国，但传递的信息十分明确：中国志在作为全球另一人工智能超级大国参与竞争。

Speaking at an A.I. conference in Shanghai, Mr. Xi said that “A.I. development should not be a solo performance by a single country but a symphony of global collaboration.”

在上海举行的一场人工智能大会上，习近平表示：“人工智能发展不应该是某个国家的独奏，而应当是全球合作的交响。”

He described open-source A.I. technology, in which much of the software can be freely shared and modified, as a “rare and historical opportunity” to spread the benefits of A.I. globally. The technology, he said, must be shared by developing nations or raise the threat of “new historical injustices.”

他将开源人工智能技术——即软件的大部分代码可以自由共享和修改——描述为将人工智能红利惠及全球的“难得的历史性机遇”。他表示，这项技术必须与发展中国家共享，否则将带来“新的历史不公”。

Mr. Xi’s vision is assuredly one of national self-interest as well. China is generally regarded as trailing the United States in A.I., but it is catching up. That is particularly evident in the open-source software developed by China’s leading A.I. software companies like DeepSeek, Moonshot and Zhipu.

当然，习近平描绘的愿景同样服务于中国的国家利益。外界普遍认为，中国在人工智能领域仍落后于美国，但它正在迎头赶上。这一点在中国领先人工智能企业——如DeepSeek、月之暗面和智谱——开发的开源软件上体现得尤为明显。

Their A.I. systems are closing the gap with the leading American A.I. chatbots and question-answering programs, including OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Anthropic’s Claude and Google’s Gemini.

这些公司的人工智能系统正在缩小与美国领先的人工智能聊天机器人和问答程序间的差距，包括OpenAI的ChatGPT、Anthropic的Claude，以及谷歌的Gemini。

On Friday, a Chinese company, Moonshot, introduced a new model that it claimed performed as well as American models from Anthropic and OpenAI. The announcement of the model, Kimi K3, helped roil financial markets.

周五，中国的月之暗面发布了一款新模型，声称其性能可与Anthropic和OpenAI的美国模型相媲美。这款名为Kimi K3的模型一经发布，便助推了金融市场的波动。

The U.S. companies, which have spent many billions of dollars creating their frontier models, do not share their technology freely. They have also accused the Chinese of pilfering their technology. And China remains well behind in the most advanced A.I. chips, a market dominated by Nvidia.

这些美国公司为打造各自最先进的模型已投入数百亿美元，并不免费分享。它们还指责中国窃取技术。与此同时，中国在最先进的人工智能芯片领域仍远远落后——这一市场由英伟达主导。

Mr. Xi’s speech at the beginning of an A.I. conference in Shanghai came as China builds support for its World AI Cooperation Organization. The group was created a year ago, China said, partly to give developing nations a greater say in A.I. governance.

习近平在上海人工智能大会开幕式上的讲话正值中国为推动“世界人工智能合作组织”争取更多支持之际。该组织成立于一年前，中国表示，其目的之一是让发展中国家在人工智能治理中拥有更大的话语权。

In his address, Mr. Xi also said China planned to offer its A.I. technology and training to developing countries that were friendly to China. “We must uphold openness and win-win cooperation,” he said.

中国领导人在讲话中还表示，中国计划向对中国友好的发展中国家提供人工智能技术和相关培训。“坚持开放共赢，”他说道。

China’s international outreach is meant to supplement its A.I. ambitions at home. Mr. Xi has exhorted his country to “occupy the commanding heights” of technology, with A.I. at the forefront.

中国积极推动国际合作，、也是对其国内人工智能战略的补充。习近平曾敦促中国要“抢占科技制高点”，而人工智能正处于这一战略的最前沿。

But A.I., depending on how far and fast it progresses, poses a dilemma for the ruling Communist Party. How should it manage the rise of a technology that could one day be so disruptive that it could threaten its interests — and its grip on power?

然而，人工智能的发展——取决于其进步的速度和程度——也给执政的中国共产党带来了一个两难问题：如何管理一种未来可能具有巨大颠覆性的技术，使其不会最终威胁到党的利益，甚至危及其执政地位？

Chinese regulation of A.I. has varied in intensity over the years, depending on where the country assesses its strengths and weaknesses.

多年来，中国对人工智能监管力度时有变化，取决于官方对自身优势和短板的判断。

When the Chinese government was worried that it had fallen behind the United States in 2022, after the introduction of ChatGPT, it took a more hands-off approach that ultimately allowed ventures like DeepSeek and others to thrive.

2022年ChatGPT问世后，中国政府一度担忧自己落后于美国，于是采取了相对宽松的态度，这最终为DeepSeek等企业的蓬勃发展创造了空间。

At the same time, researchers have documented efforts by the Chinese government to monitor and manipulate public opinion in Hong Kong and Taiwan using companies with expertise in A.I. And the Philippines on Friday condemned as racist an A.I.-generated video posted by a Chinese state-run news site that depicted the Southeast Asian country as a karaoke-singing monkey doing the bidding of the United States and Japan.

与此同时，研究人员记录到，中国政府借助在人工智能领域具有专业能力的企业在香港和台湾监控并操纵舆论走向。菲律宾周五谴责中国一家官方媒体发布的一段AI生成视频涉嫌种族歧视——该视频将这个东南亚国家描绘成一只唱着卡拉OK、听命于美日两国的猴子。

The contest between China and the United States for supremacy in artificial intelligence escalated on Friday when the Chinese start-up Moonshot AI released a new A.I. model that appeared to narrow the lead held by well-funded American competitors.

上周五，中美在人工智能主导权方面的竞争进一步升级，中国初创公司月之暗面发布了一款新的人工智能模型，似乎缩小了资金雄厚的美国竞争对手所保持的领先优势。

Moonshot said that the model, Kimi K3, was the world’s largest open-source A.I. system, allowing anyone to use, modify and build on it freely. The company said that Kimi K3 performed as well as leading models from OpenAI and Anthropic at some key tasks.

月之暗面表示，这款名为Kimi K3的模型是全球最大的开源人工智能系统，允许任何人免费使用、修改并在其基础上进行开发。该公司表示，Kimi K3在一些关键任务上的表现与OpenAI和Anthropic的领先模型不相上下。

The release coincided with an address by Xi Jinping, China’s leader, in which he outlined an ambitious vision for global A.I. development that cast China as the champion of an open approach to the technology.

该模型的发布恰逢中国领导人习近平发表讲话，勾勒了全球人工智能发展的宏伟愿景，将中国描绘成推动该技术开放发展的倡导者。

“A.I. development should not be a solo performance by a single country but a symphony of international cooperation,” Mr. Xi said. China was “ready to work with all parties to seize the opportunities of A.I. development,” he said.

“人工智能发展不应该是某个国家的独奏，而应当是全球合作的交响，”习近平表示。他说，中国愿意“同各方一道把握和应对人工智能发展的机遇和挑战”。

The market reaction was immediate. Stocks fell on Friday, with the Nasdaq dropping about 1 percent as investors sold shares of U.S. companies that make the computer chips needed to power A.I., including Nvidia and Intel.

市场反应立竿见影。上周五，股市下跌，纳斯达克指数下跌约1%，因为投资者抛售了制造驱动人工智能所需计算机芯片的美国公司股票，包括英伟达和英特尔。

The developments underscored the geopolitical stakes of the U.S.-China contest for leadership in what many see as the defining technological race of our time. President Trump has repeatedly framed maintaining America’s lead in artificial intelligence as a strategic imperative for preserving the country’s economic and national security.

这些事态发展凸显出中美在争夺领导权方面的地缘政治利害关系，许多人认为这场竞争是当今时代具有决定性意义的技术竞赛。特朗普总统多次将保持美国在人工智能领域的领先地位定义为维护美国经济和国家安全的战略要务。

The emergence of A.I. as a foundational technology with far-reaching economic and military implications has pushed the United States to slow China’s progress by restricting its access to the advanced chips needed to train cutting-edge A.I. systems.

人工智能成为一项具有深远经济和军事影响的基础性技术，促使美国限制中国获取训练尖端人工智能系统所需的高端芯片，从而延缓中国的进步。

The release of a free, open-source Chinese A.I. model that could rival the performance of costly, computing-intensive systems from Silicon Valley’s best-funded companies has reignited concerns over whether the industry’s enormous spending spree on data centers is justified.

中国推出了一款免费的开源人工智能模型，其性能足以媲美硅谷资金最雄厚公司开发的高成本计算密集型系统，这再次令人们担忧该行业在数据中心上的巨额支出狂潮是否合理。

3月，月之暗面联合创始人杨植麟在北京。

Over the past 18 months, Chinese technology companies have released a steady stream of open-source A.I. models that approach the performance of their American rivals, while claiming to require fewer computing resources. That combination of strong performance and lower costs has made Chinese A.I. systems the preferred choice for many developers worldwide.

过去18个月里，中国科技公司源源不断地发布了性能接近美国竞争对手的开源人工智能模型，同时声称它们所需的计算资源更少。强大的性能和较低的成本相结合，使得中国的人工智能系统成为全球许多开发者的首选。

Moonshot’s latest release adds to that momentum and raises the prospect that a Chinese company could soon match — or even surpass — the cutting-edge models built by leading American A.I. firms, which have raised hundreds of billions of dollars to build models that are closed and expensive to operate.

月之暗面的最新发布延续了这一势头，并让人们看到一种可能性：一家中国公司可能很快就会赶上甚至超越美国领先人工智能公司构建的尖端模型，这些美国公司已经筹集了数千亿美元，用于构建封闭且运行成本高昂的模型。

According to benchmarks run by Vals AI, an independent company that evaluates the performance of A.I. models, Kimi K3 performs just below Anthropic’s Fable 5 model while outperforming OpenAI’s flagship GPT-5.6 Sol model, said Rayan Krishnan, Vals AI’s chief executive.

评估人工智能模型性能的独立公司 Vals AI 首席执行官雷扬·克里希南表示，根据该公司运行的基准测试，Kimi K3的表现略逊于Anthropic的Fable 5模型，但优于OpenAI的旗舰模型GPT-5.6 Sol。

The latest A.I. models from Anthropic have become so powerful that their capabilities — including identifying vulnerabilities in critical infrastructure such as banking networks and power grids — have alarmed governments around the world.

Anthropic最新的人工智能模型已经变得如此强大，以至于它们的能力——包括识别银行网络和电网等关键基础设施中的漏洞——已经引起了世界各国政府的警觉。

Graham Webster, a Stanford University professor who studies China’s open-source A.I. ecosystem, said it did not matter much whether a model was at the absolute cutting edge, because the performance gap between leading American and Chinese models had narrowed.

研究中国开源人工智能生态系统的斯坦福大学教授格雷厄姆·韦伯斯特表示，一个模型是否处于绝对领先地位并不重要，因为中美领先模型之间的性能差距已经缩小。

“Everyone has a different number about how many months China is behind the U.S., and the estimates cluster around six months,” he said. “That is not much of a lead.”

他说：“对于中国落后美国多少个月，每个人都有不同的数字，估计普遍集中在六个月左右。这算不上多大的领先优势。”

Moonshot said it would release the full details of Kimi K3 at the end of the month.

月之暗面表示，将在本月底发布Kimi K3的全部细节。

Samm Sacks, a senior fellow at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies who attended Friday’s A.I. conference in Shanghai where Mr. Xi spoke, said that many experts believe it’s only a matter of time before a Chinese company releases a freely available model that matches Anthropic’s most advanced systems. Such a breakthrough, Ms. Sacks said, would raise difficult questions for regulators trying to contain powerful A.I. technology once it has been released.

约翰霍普金斯大学高级国际研究学院高级研究员萨姆·萨克斯出席了上周五习近平发表讲话的上海人工智能大会。她表示，许多专家认为，中国公司发布一款能够媲美Anthropic最先进系统的免费模型只是时间问题。萨克斯说，一旦这种突破性技术问世，将给试图遏制强大人工智能技术的监管机构带来棘手难题。

Last month, another Chinese start-up, Z.ai, released a model called GLM-5.2 that was nearly as powerful as Anthropic’s Fable 5 model, the leading American system. And unlike Fable, this Chinese model was widely available.

上个月，另一家中国初创公司智谱AI发布了一款名为GLM-5.2的模型，其性能几乎与美国领先系统、Anthropic的Fable 5模型同样强大。而且，与Fable不同的是，这款中国模型被广泛提供给大众使用。

Many software developers and start-ups in Silicon Valley quickly adopted the model, largely because it was much cheaper than the leading American systems. It arrived just as U.S. businesses realized they had to find ways to cut down their A.I. spending.

硅谷的许多软件开发者和初创公司迅速采用了该模型，很大程度上是因为其价格远低于美国领先的系统。该模型问世之际，恰逢美国企业意识到，必须设法削减人工智能支出。

Kimi K3 is even more powerful than GLM-5.2, according to benchmarks run by Vals AI. The model arrives as the Trump administration is considering regulating the technology. Many Silicon Valley executives have begun to support such regulation, saying that leading technologies can enable malicious cyberattacks and potentially help build biological weapons.

根据Vals AI运行的基准测试，Kimi K3甚至比GLM-5.2更强大。该模型的发布正值特朗普政府考虑对该技术进行监管之际。许多硅谷高管已开始支持此类监管，称尖端技术可能会助长恶意网络攻击，甚至可能被用于制造生物武器。

Moonshot’s A.I. has been widely adopted in China since the Beijing-based start-up was founded in 2023.

月之暗面是一家总部位于北京的初创公司，于2023年成立，其人工智能已在中国被广泛使用。

Nearly all of China’s leading A.I. systems are open-source, helping them gain users around the world. But unlike the closed systems favored in Silicon Valley, the Chinese models have proved harder to profit from. The challenge of leveraging global adoption to create a profitable business is now fracturing some of China’s top A.I. research labs, including the internet giant Alibaba.

中国几乎所有领先的人工智能系统都是开源的，这有助于它们在全球范围内吸引用户。但与硅谷青睐的封闭系统不同，事实证明，中国人工智能模型更难实现盈利。面对如何利用其全球普及来打造盈利业务的挑战，包括互联网巨头阿里巴巴在内的一些中国顶级人工智能研究实验室已经产生分歧。

Chinese A.I. researchers routinely cite shortages of computing power — caused by U.S. export controls — as the industry’s biggest constraint, and companies have spent heavily to secure scarce chips. Some companies, including MiniMax and Z.ai, have gone public to raise money from investors. Alibaba is increasingly steering customers toward models that require users to pay.

中国的人工智能研究人员经常将美国出口管制导致的算力短缺，视为该行业最大的制约因素，各公司已投入巨资以获取稀缺的芯片。包括稀宇科技和智谱AI在内的一些公司已通过上市向投资者筹集资金。阿里巴巴则日益引导客户使用需要付费的模型。

But the scale of fund-raising by Chinese A.I. firms pales in comparison to their U.S. rivals. In May, Moonshot raised $2 billion in a funding round backed by China Mobile, the state telecom company, and the investment arm of food delivery giant Meituan. By comparison, Anthropic raised $65 billion the same month.

但中国人工智能公司的融资规模与美国竞争对手相比相形见绌。今年5月，月之暗面在由国有电信公司中国移动和外卖巨头美团的投资部门支持的一轮融资中筹集了20亿美元。相比之下，Anthropic在同月筹集了650亿美元。

Moonshot has instead focused on making the most of its limited computing resources. Speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos this year, the company’s president, Yutong Zhang, said efficiency had been a necessity from the outset.

因此，月之暗面转而专注于充分利用其有限的计算资源。今年在达沃斯世界经济论坛上发言时，该公司总裁张予彤表示，从一开始，效率就是一种必要条件。

“We knew we didn’t have the luxury to just scale up compute,” she said.

她说：“我们知道，我们没有随意堆砌算力的奢侈条件。”

Anthropic and OpenAI have accused Chinese companies of improperly harvesting data from their A.I. systems to accelerate the development of competing models. But experts say the recent advances by Moonshot and Z.ai cannot be explained by distillation alone. Years of operating under export controls have forced Chinese companies to innovate within tight computing constraints.

Anthropic和OpenAI曾指责中国公司不当收集其人工智能系统的数据，以加速竞争模型的开发。但专家表示，月之暗面和智谱AI最近的进展不能仅用模型蒸馏来解释。多年来在出口管制下运营，迫使中国公司在严格的算力限制下进行创新。

“The Chinese models are not excellent only because of distillation, ” said Mr. Webster of Stanford. “There is real innovation going on.”

“中国模型之所以出色，并非仅仅因为蒸馏技术，”斯坦福大学的韦伯斯特说。“那里正在发生真正的创新。”

China’s space program took an important step on Friday toward its elusive goal of competing with Elon Musk’s company SpaceX, in the race to dominate the satellite industry.

中国的航天计划在周五迈出了重要的一步，距离一个难以企及的目标——与埃隆·马斯克的SpaceX争夺卫星产业主导权——又近了一步。

The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, a government entity, launched a Long March 10B rocket and recovered its bottom part, called the first stage, a few minutes later. This essential step toward reusing the rocket’s parts for future missions could signal a long-awaited breakthrough for Chinese satellite companies.

中国航天科技集团（一家政府实体）发射了一枚“长征十号乙”火箭（下称“长十乙”），并在几分钟后回收了被称为一子级的底部。这是未来在任务中重复使用火箭部件的一个关键步骤，可能意味着中国卫星公司将迎来期待已久的突破。

SpaceX revolutionized the industry with its partially reusable Falcon 9 rocket, whose first stage returns to the launchpad upright after launch. Falcon 9 can send satellites into orbit in rapid succession, which has given SpaceX a significant edge. Every day that passed without a reusable Chinese launcher, SpaceX pulled further ahead. SpaceX has more than 10,000 satellites in orbit and is a world leader in satellite internet.

SpaceX凭借其部分可重复使用的“猎鹰9号”火箭彻底改变了该行业，该火箭一子级在发射后会垂直返回发射台。“猎鹰9号”能够在短时间内接连将卫星送入轨道，这为SpaceX赢得了巨大的优势。中国可复用火箭一天不成，就一天无法追上日渐拉开距离的SpaceX。SpaceX在轨道上拥有超过10000颗卫星，是卫星互联网领域的全球领导者。

Chinese companies have been launching satellites with single-use rockets, letting their parts tumble back to Earth or become space debris after every launch. Two Chinese satellite constellations that hope to rival SpaceX’s have launched just over 400 satellites between them.

中国公司此前一直使用一次性火箭发射卫星，每次发射后都任由其部件跌落回地球或成为太空垃圾。两个希望与SpaceX抗衡的中国卫星星座总共仅发射了400多颗卫星。

That may be about to change.

这种情况可能即将发生改变。

The Long March 10B launched from the Wenchang spaceport in Hainan, an island off China’s southern coast, just after noon on Friday.

周五中午刚过，“长十乙”火箭从位于中国南部沿海岛屿海南的文昌航天发射场发射升空。

The rocket’s bottom part returned upright to a platform at sea, six minutes after separating from the upper part. It slowly descended to a pad that was fitted with nets to capture the rocket parts, according to a video released by Chinese state media. The nets proved to be China’s nifty solution for recovering rocket boosters.

在与火箭上部分离六分钟后，火箭底部垂直返回到海上的一个平台上。根据中国官方媒体发布的一段视频，它缓缓降落在一个安装了网具以捕捉火箭部件的平台上。事实证明，这些网具是中国回收火箭助推器的一种高明解决方案。

It is the “world’s first net‑based recovery of a launch vehicle,” the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation said.

中国航天科技集团表示，这是“全球首次运载火箭网系回收”。

The country built the offshore platform last year and tested it in February. The first stage of a predecessor rocket ended up splashing down at sea. Friday’s mission built on the results of that test, according to official statements.

中国于去年建造了这一海上平台，并在2月对其进行了测试。之前的火箭的一子级最终坠入了大海，而周五的任务正是建立在那次测试结果的基础之上。

The Long March 10B rocket was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, a subsidiary of the government corporation. It is part of the Long March 10 series of rockets, some of which are designed for China’s first crewed mission to the Moon expected by 2030.

“长十乙”火箭由隶属于前述政府实体的中国运载火箭技术研究院研制。它是“长征十号”系列火箭的一部分，该系列中的部分火箭设计用于中国计划在2030年前执行的首次载人登月任务。

It is about 200 feet high and is designed to deliver up to 16 metric tons of spacecraft, such as satellites, to low-earth orbit. During Friday’s test, the rocket’s upper stage successfully launched an unspecified number of satellites, the government said.

火箭高约63米，旨在向近地轨道运送最重可达16吨的航天器（如卫星）。政府表示，在周五的测试中，火箭的上级成功发射了未具体说明数量的卫星。

Future flight tests will be done by the end of this year, the company said. It did not respond to questions.

该公司表示，下一次飞行测试将在今年年底前进行，但未回应相关提问。

The engines in the rocket’s first stage use liquid oxygen and kerosene and its upper stage engine uses liquid oxygen and methane.

该火箭一子级的发动机使用液氧和煤油，上级发动机则使用液氧和甲烷。

Two previous attempts had failed to create China’s answer to the Falcon 9. Landspace, a private company, was the first in China to test a partially reusable rocket in December. The rocket, Zhuque-3, launched successfully but its first stage lost control on its descent to the launchpad.

此前的两次试图打造中国版“猎鹰9号”的尝试宣告失败。去年12月，私营公司蓝箭航天在中国率先测试部分可重复使用火箭。名为“朱雀三号”的火箭成功发射，但一子级在降落回发射台时失去了控制。

Another rocket in the Long March series, the Long March 12, also failed a recovery test in December. The rocket’s upper stage arrived at the planned orbit but its bottom part could not be recovered.

长征系列中的另一枚火箭——长征十二号，也在12月的回收测试中失败。该火箭的上级抵达了预定轨道，但其底部无法回收。

Though Friday’s test represents a breakthrough, the Chinese government must conduct multiple test launches to find and solve any problems with the rocket. Only then can it hope to compete with SpaceX, which has outpaced every other global competitor over the last seven years.

尽管周五的测试代表了一项突破，但中国政府必须进行多次测试发射，以发现并解决火箭存在的任何问题。只有这样，它才有望与SpaceX展开竞争，而后者在过去七年里已经把全球每一个竞争对手甩在身后。

China has a space station and, in just a few short years, has landed robots on the moon and Mars. This week the country’s space agency is targeting new, far-flung destinations and setting off for an asteroid that could contain secrets that explain how Earth and the moon formed.

中国早已建成一个空间站，并在短短几年内将机器人送上了月球和火星。本周，中国航天将目光投向了更遥远的新目标——发射探测器前往一颗可能有助于揭开地球与月球形成之谜的小行星。

The country’s Tianwen-2 spacecraft is lifted off aboard a Long March 3B rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwest China on Thursday around 1:31 a.m. local time, according to state media. (it was still Wednesday in New York).

据官方媒体报道，天问二号探测器已于当地时间周四（纽约时间的周三）凌晨1时31分左右，由长征三号乙运载火箭从位于中国西南部的西昌卫星发射中心发射升空。

After about a year, the robotic mission will arrive at 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, a near-Earth asteroid. There, it will perilously try to scoop up some rocky matter, and then swing back around to Earth. A capsule filled with geologic treasure would then plunge toward the planet for retrieval by scientists in late 2027.

约一年后，这个无人探测器将抵达近地小行星469219（又叫震荡天星）。在那里，它将冒险尝试采集岩石物质，随后折返地球。一个装有地质样本的返回舱将冲向地球，预计科学家将在2027年底将其回收。

If Tianwen-2 pulls this off, China will become the third nation — after Japan and the United States — to retrieve pristine material from an asteroid.

若天问二号成功完成任务，中国将成为继日本和美国之后，第三个从小行星获取原始物质的国家。

“All Chinese planetary scientists are now finger-crossed for this historic mission,” said Yuqi Qian, a lunar geologist at the University of Hong Kong.

“中国所有的行星科学家都在忐忑地期待这次历史性任务的成功，”香港大学月球地质学家钱煜奇表示。

The spacecraft also has a secondary target, an unusual comet that it could study as part of an extended mission.

探测器还有一个次要目标——一颗不寻常的彗星，作为扩展任务的一部分，它将对其展开研究。

Visiting these objects will help reveal more about the building blocks of the worlds of the inner solar system. And as asteroids can pose an impact risk to Earth, missions to study the structures and mineral makeups of these objects can aid planning to deflect or vaporize them.

造访这些天体将有助于揭示更多关于太阳系内行星形成的奥秘。鉴于小行星存在撞击地球的风险，研究其结构与矿物组成有助于制定偏转或摧毁它们的计划。

“A sample return mission is a gift that keeps on giving,” said Sara Russell, a planetary scientist at London’s Natural History Museum.

伦敦自然史博物馆的行星科学家萨拉·拉塞尔说：“样本返回任务如同一个不断带来新收获的礼物。”

While fragments of asteroids reach Earth’s surface periodically, they are contaminated and altered when they plummet through the atmosphere. Scientists prefer untouched matter from the source, brought back to study in ultraclean laboratories.

尽管小行星碎片会偶尔坠落到地球表面，但它们在穿过大气层时会遭到污染和改变。科学家更倾向于从源头获取未受干扰的物质，带回超净实验室进行研究。

“Sample return missions allow us to pick apart the physical and chemical properties of a body in a level of detail that’s not possible with remote observations by telescopes and spacecraft,” said Ashley King, a meteoriticist also at the London museum.

“样本返回任务能让我们以前所未有的精度解析天体的物理化学特性，这是望远镜或航天器远程观测无法实现的，”伦敦自然史博物馆陨石学家阿什利·金解释道。

Japan has accomplished this twice, with its Hayabusa spacecraft raiding the asteroids Itokawa in 2005 and Ryugu in 2019. NASA’s sample return mission to the asteroid Bennu, Osiris-Rex, pulled off the same feat in 2020.

日本已两次完成此类任务，它的隼鸟号探测器分别于2005年和2019年从小行星丝川和小行星“龙宫”采集样本。美国国家航空航天局的奥西里斯-Rex探测器也于2020年完成了对小行星贝努的样本采集。

China’s space agency has executed two successful sample return missions to the moon — in 2020 and 2024. But Tianwen-2 (Tianwen is often translated as “Questions to Heaven”) is China’s first foray into asteroid sample return.

中国的航天机构虽已在2020年和2024年两次成功从月球采样返回，但天问二号将是中国首次尝试小行星采样返回。

Kamoʻoalewa, the asteroid it will visit, is somewhat peculiar. As a quasi-satellite earlier known as 2016 HO3, it loops around Earth, but it is not a true moon, because it is gravitationally bound to the sun. Recent telescopic observations, though, suggest it is made of the same volcanic matter found on the moon, implying that it is a piece of the lunar surface shorn off by a meteor impact.

天问二号即将造访的这颗小行星颇为特殊。这颗曾编号2016HO3的准卫星虽绕地运行，但并非真正的地球卫星，因为它受太阳引力主导。它由与月球相同的火山物质构成，这意味着它可能是被陨石撞击后从月球表面剥离的一块碎片。

“Kamoʻoalewa, therefore, potentially holds key information about the formation and evolution of the Earth-moon system,” Dr. King said.

“因此，震荡天星可能掌握着地月系形成和演化的关键信息。”阿什利·金说。

However “its origins remain an open question,” said Benjamin Sharkey, a planetary astronomer at the University of Maryland who made those recent telescopic observations. He said he was excited that Tianwen-2 was going to bring some of the asteroid home for study, which should close the case of Kamoʻoalewa’s origins.

“然而它的起源仍然是一个未解之谜，”马里兰大学的行星天文学家本杰明·沙基说。他表示很期待天问二号能把这颗小行星的样本带回地球进行研究，这应该能解开震荡天星的起源之谜。

China has revealed few details about how Tianwen-2 will work. An academic paper posted last year offers some clues. A variety of cameras and infrared imagers will ascertain Kamoʻoalewa’s shape, size, spin and mineral makeup, while a radar system will map its internal structure.

中国对天问二号如何运转的具体细节披露有限，不过去年发表的一篇学术论文透露了若干关键信息：多光谱相机与红外成像仪将测定震荡天星的形态、尺寸、自转参数及矿物组成，同时搭载的雷达系统将对其内部结构进行测绘。

By looking at the thermal properties of Kamoʻoalewa, Tianwen-2 will also help study the Yarkovsky effect. When sunlight hits a rotating asteroid, its sunward side heats up. As it continues to spin, it cools down, which nudges the asteroid, like a small thruster. Over time, escaping heat can push a harmless asteroid onto an Earth-impacting orbit.

通过观察震荡天星的热特性，天问二号还将帮助研究雅可夫斯基效应。当阳光照射到一颗旋转的小行星时，它向阳的一面会升温。当小行星继续旋转时，它就会冷却下来，从而推动小行星，就像一个小型推进器。随着时间的推移，逸散的热量会将一颗无害的小行星推向撞击地球的轨道。

Kamoʻoalewa can get within nine million miles of Earth, making it an easy target to reach. But diving down to sample it is risky. “The sample collection and return are hardest,” Dr. Russell said, “because humans have only a very limited amount of experience in doing both.”

尽管震荡天星距离地球最近可达1448万公里，是一个容易抵达的目标，但靠近表面采集样本仍有风险。“样本采集和返回是最困难的环节，”拉塞尔说，“因为人类在这两方面的经验非常有限。”

The asteroid may be only 130 feet across — a small target. Its rapid rotation, about once every 28 minutes, poses additional challenges. “You need to find ways to either grab the sample without landing or a way to hang on as it spins,” Dr. King said.

这是颗直径仅40米左右的小行星，目标很小，加上约28分钟一圈的高速自转特性，更是增加了采样难度。“必须研发非接触式采样技术，或实现与其自转同步的锚定系统，”阿什利·金解释道。

China’s spacecraft may try doing both. “Tianwen-2 will use two methods to collect samples from Kamoʻoalewa,” Dr. Qian said.

中国的探测器可能会同时尝试这两种方法。“天问二号将使用两种方法从震荡天星采集样本，”钱煜奇说。

The first is “Touch and Go,” a method employed by the U.S. and Japanese asteroid missions: The spacecraft briefly makes contact with the object, kicks up the surface (using compressed gas, or a fired projectile) and captures jettisoned rocks before the spacecraft flees the scene.

第一种是“触地即走”，这是美国和日本小行星任务即采用该方法：探测器短暂接触天体表面，通过压缩气体或发射弹丸扬起表面物质，捕获飞溅的石块，然后撤离。

The second method, “Anchor and Attach,” has never been tested. Using a series of drills, Tianwen-2 will try to adhere to the asteroid before retrieving both shallow and deeper samples.

第二种方法，即“锚定附着”，这种方法从未进行过实地测试。天问二号将使用一系列钻头固定在小行星上，然后采集浅层和深层样本。

If Tianwen-2 navigates those dangers and eventually drops its bits of Kamoʻoalewa to Earth, it will then fly to the Comet 311P/PanSTARRS, arriving in the early 2030s to study it remotely.

若天问二号成功克服这些风险，最终将震荡天星样本投放回地球，随后将飞往311P/PanSTARRS彗星，预计2030年代初抵达并开展远程研究。

While most comets witnessed from Earth travel on long-haul journeys around the sun, 311P is a main belt comet. These icy curiosities stay within the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

与大多数需要绕太阳长途跋涉的彗星不同，311P属于主带彗星——这些罕有的冰封天体会停留在火星与木星之间的小行星带。

“These types of objects remain very mysterious,” Dr. Sharkey said, not least because icy rocks should not exist this close to the sun’s warm glow. But they may help explain how Earth became a planet with vast oceans.

“这类天体仍然非常神秘，”沙基说，尤其是因为在靠近太阳温暖光芒的地方，冰质岩石本不应存在。但它们可能有助于解释地球是如何成为一颗拥有浩瀚海洋的行星的。

Tianwen-2 is more than just a scientific sleuth. It is also a technological steppingstone for China’s ambitious Tianwen-3 mission. Due to launch in 2028, it aims to retrieve rock samples from Mars and return them to Earth. A comparable effort led by the United States to achieve the same goal is facing major hurdles.

天问二号不仅仅是一项科学探索。它也是中国雄心勃勃的天问三号任务的技术垫脚石。后者将于2028年发射，目标是从火星采集岩石样本并送回地球。美国为实现相同目标的类似计划正面临重大困难。

But the race for the red planet should not overshadow China’s first bid to acquire shards of an asteroid.

然而，这场火星竞赛不应掩盖中国首次获取小行星样本的里程碑意义。

“This is very exciting,” said Richard Binzel, a planetary scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “But asteroids present their own challenges.”

“这非常令人兴奋，”麻省理工学院行星科学家理查德·宾泽尔说，“但小行星探测自有其独特挑战。”

This week, astronomers are seeing double. Just a day after Japan’s spacecraft flew by a strange, two-lobed asteroid named Torifune, China’s space agency announced that its own robotic envoy had arrived at another space rock — an angular, compact object named 469219 Kamoʻoalewa.

本周，天文学界好事成双。日本的航天器飞掠一颗名为“鸟船”(Torifune)的奇特双叶小行星仅一天后，中国国家航天局宣布，其探测器已经抵达了另一颗太空岩石——一个名为“振荡天星”(469219 Kamoʻoalewa)的有棱角的紧凑天体。

China’s spacecraft, Tianwen-2, has been hunting down its target — a so-called quasi-moon — ever since it launched from Earth in May 2025. Finally, after a 400-day voyage around the solar system, it got within 12 and a half miles of the asteroid’s surface, allowing the spacecraft to take its first detailed photograph.

中国的航天器“天问二号”自2025年5月从地球发射升空以来，就一直在追踪其目标——一颗所谓的准卫星。最终，在围绕太阳系进行了为期400天的航行之后，它进入了距离该小行星表面约20公里的范围内，并拍摄到第一张详细照片。

Pointy, asymmetric and just 60 feet in length, Kamoʻoalewa looks very different from the far more rubbly and rotund asteroids that various uncrewed spacecraft have visited in recent years.

振荡天星呈尖锐状、不对称且长度仅约18米，这与近年来各种无人航天器探访过的那些表面更为松散、圆润的小行星看起来大相径庭。

“Kamo‘oalewa looks amazing, like nothing we’ve seen floating in space before,” said Sabina Raducan, a researcher at the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland.

位于瑞士伯尔尼的国际空间科学研究所研究员萨比娜·拉杜坎表示：“振荡天星看起来太不可思议了，跟我们以前见过的太空漂浮物截然不同。”

Its craggy, diminutive nature suggests a dramatic origin story — perhaps a high-speed collision between two large asteroids. “It could be a remnant of a catastrophic event,” said Cristina Thomas, a planetary scientist and planetary defense researcher at Northern Arizona University.

这种多岩石、体积微小的特性暗示了一个极具戏剧性的起源故事——也许是两颗大型小行星之间的一场高速碰撞。“它可能是一场灾难性事件的残余物，”北亚利桑那大学的行星科学家兼行星防御研究员克里斯蒂娜·托马斯说道。

As a quasi-moon, Kamo‘oalewa loops around and keeps in lock-step with Earth, but it’s not a genuine moon because it’s gravitationally tied to the sun. It poses no danger to us, but quasi-moons like Kamo‘oalewa offer clues as to how asteroids that started life between Mars and Jupiter ended up at Earth’s doorstep — something that scientists concerned about potentially killer asteroids are keen to learn more about.

作为一颗准卫星，振荡天星绕着地球转圈并与地球保持步调一致，但它并不是一颗真正的卫星，因为在引力上它与太阳绑定在一起。它对我们不构成危险，但像振荡天星这样的准卫星为我们提供了线索，帮助我们了解最初在火星和木星之间诞生的小行星是如何来到地球附近的——这是关注潜在毁灭性小行星的科学家们渴望更多了解的东西。

Tianwen-2 won’t just admire this asteroid from afar. After conducting science observations from above, it will swoop down and collect some pristine asteroid matter from Kamoʻoalewa before returning it to Earth in late 2027.

“天问二号”不会只是从远处欣赏这颗小行星。在从上方进行科学观测之后，它将俯冲而下，从振荡天星收集一些原始的小行星物质，然后再于2027年底将其送回地球。

“The sampling is definitely going to be challenging,” Dr. Raducan said. But if China pulls it off, it will become the third nation to lift material directly from an asteroid, after Japan and the United States.

“采样绝对将是一项具有挑战性的任务，”拉杜坎说。但如果中国成功办到，它将成为继日本和美国之后第三个直接从小行星上采集到物质的国家。

Tianwen-2, whose name is often translated to “Questions to Heaven,” traveled 620 million miles through space to rendezvous with the asteroid, which is “about the length of a bowling lane,” Dr. Thomas said. “Kamo‘oalewa is the smallest object that humans have visited with a spacecraft.”

托马斯表示，“天问二号”在太空中航行了10亿公里才与这颗小行星交会，而这颗小行星的“长度大约与一条保龄球道相当”。“振荡天星是人类利用航天器探访过的最小的天体。”

加拿大-法国-夏威夷望远镜的MegaCam相机在2016年4月28日拍摄的振荡天星相对于背景恒星移动的延时图像。

Based on Tianwen-2’s first photo, the asteroid resembles a rocky splinter. “It looks exactly like an intact shard that we get from impact experiments in laboratory,” Dr. Raducan said.

根据“天问二号”的第一张照片，该小行星酷似一块岩石碎屑。“它看起来完全就像我们在实验室撞击实验中获得的一块完整碎片，”拉杜坎说。

Scientists briefly wondered if Kamo‘oalewa might be a chunk of our own moon, created by an asteroid impact millions of years ago.

科学家们一度猜想，振荡天星是否可能是月球的一块碎片，是由数百万年前的一次小行星撞击所产生的。

That theory has fallen out of favor. Scientists found that it’s much more likely that Kamo‘oalewa started out as an object in the main belt of asteroids just beyond Mars.

这一理论如今已被抛弃。科学家们发现，振荡天星更有可能最初是作为火星之外主小行星带里的一个天体而存在的。

A recent, preliminary examination of Kamo‘oalewa using the remarkably perceptive James Webb Space Telescope also revealed it to be a very reflective object, and not something darker and moon-like. This survey also uncovered hints that its surface composition is akin to a rare type of meteorite known as an aubrite.

最近，利用敏锐度惊人的詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜对振荡天星进行的初步检验还表明，它具备高反射率，不是月球那种相对黯淡的天体。这项调查还发现了一丝迹象，表明其表面成分类似于一种被称为顽火无球陨石(aubrite)的罕见陨石类型。

Aubrites are particularly exciting because they might come from a massive, smashed-up asteroid-like object that had its own active geologic processes, including those that made magma, rocky layers and perhaps even a metal core — almost like a miniature planet. It’s possible that Kamo‘oalewa may be the remains of something similar.

顽火无球陨石尤其令人兴奋，因为它们可能来自一个被撞碎的巨大、类似于小行星的天体，该天体自身曾拥有活跃的地质过程，包括那些产生岩浆、岩石层甚至可能是金属核心的过程——几乎就像一个微型行星。振荡天星有可能是某种类似天体的残余物。

For now, nobody can be certain as to what exactly Kamo‘oalewa may be. “It takes coordinated efforts across several disciplines to find the story that can explain everything best,” said Benjamin Sharkey, a planetary scientist at the University of Maryland.

目前，没有人能确切判定振荡天星究竟是什么。“需要跨越多个学科的协同努力，才能拼凑出最合理的解释，”马里兰大学的行星科学家本杰明·沙尔基说道。

But, if all goes according to plan, we’re about to find out the truth. Sometime in the next few months, Tianwen-2 will plunge toward Kamo‘oalewa and attempt to extract some of its rocky debris in one of several ways, including using jets of gas to agitate the surface grains into a container, and anchoring itself to the asteroid before drilling into it. Should it succeed, the spacecraft will depart Kamoʻoalewa with the goods in April 2027.

但是，如果一切按计划进行，我们即将查明真相。在接下来几个月的某个时候，“天问二号”将向振荡天星俯冲，并尝试以几种方式中的一种提取其岩石碎屑，包括利用气体喷射将表面颗粒激荡到一个容器中，以及在对其进行钻探之前将自身锚定在该小行星上。如果成功，该航天器将于2027年4月带着收获物离开振荡天星。

But the asteroid won’t make it easy for China.

但这颗小行星不会让中国轻易得手。

When the United States and Japan brought asteroid samples to Earth, the samples were pebbly objects barely held together by their own gravity. While interacting with them had their own spaceflight challenges, scooping them up into a storage capsule wasn’t too difficult.

当美国和日本将小行星样本带回地球时，样本都是仅凭自身引力勉强聚集在一起的碎石堆天体。虽然与它们接触有着自身在航天飞行方面的挑战，但将它们铲入储存舱并不是太困难。

Kamo‘oalewa, however, may be a solid, rigid rock. “It’ll be the first time we visited something like that,” said Andy Rivkin, a planetary scientist and planetary defense researcher at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md.

然而，振荡天星可能是一块坚硬、刚性的岩石。“这将是我们第一次探访这样的东西，”位于马里兰州劳雷尔的约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室的行星科学家、行星防御研究员安迪·里夫金表示。

The quasi-moon’s Hawaiian name means “wobbling celestial object.” As it swivels around once every 28 minutes, it’s more like a rapidly moving spinning top — something that could imperil Tianwen-2’s touchdown.

这颗准卫星的夏威夷语名字意为“摇摆的太空天体”。由于每28分钟就会自转一圈，它更像是一个快速移动的陀螺——这可能会危及“天问二号”的着陆。

And the fact that Kamo‘oalewa is so tiny means that Tianwen-2 — which, weighing around two tons, is no pipsqueak — could have an outsize effect on the asteroid itself. “The hope is that while drilling, the spacecraft doesn’t push the asteroid on a different orbit,” Dr. Raducan said, “given that their relative sizes are so similar.”

并且，振荡天星极其微小这一事实意味着，重量大约为两吨、绝非小家伙的“天问二号”可能会对该小行星本身产生巨大的影响。“希望是在钻探时，航天器不会将该小行星推向不同的轨道，”拉杜坎说，“因为它们的大小相对来说是接近的。”