A small aircraft flew into the tallest building in Beijing on Friday, sending huge hunks of debris and plane parts plummeting onto the streets below and prompting crowds to flee.

周五，一架小型飞机撞击北京最高的建筑，巨大的碎片和飞机零件坠落到街道上，引发人群逃散。

Video shared on social media and verified by The New York Times showed debris falling from the skyscraper, as people ran to safety. The footage showed broken windows and debris, including what appeared to be the tail of a small aircraft, falling dozens of stories into the street below.

发布在社交媒体上并经《纽约时报》核实的视频显示，碎片从这座摩天大楼上掉落，人们纷纷逃离。视频显示，破碎的窗户和碎片，包括一个疑似小型飞机尾翼的物体，从数十层高的地方坠落到下面的街道上。

The building is in the capital’s busy central business district, which was clogged with cars at evening rush hour. It was not immediately clear how many people were injured, if any were. The whereabouts and identity of the pilot were also unknown.

这栋建筑位于中国首都繁忙的中央商务区，晚高峰时段交通拥堵。目前尚不清楚是否有人受伤，或有多少人受伤。飞行员的身份和下落也尚不明确。

Photos posted to social media from the site showed parts of an aircraft that appeared to be a lightweight model with only a few seats, registered to the airline Shuangyue General Aviation, a regional flight training provider. Calls to the company went unanswered.

社交媒体上发布的现场照片显示，飞机的部件似乎属于一架仅有几个座位的轻型飞机，该飞机注册在双悦通用航空名下，这是一家区域性飞行培训服务提供商。记者致电该公司，但无人接听。

Data from FlightRadar, a flight tracking website, showed that the plane took off from an airfield in Beijing’s eastern Pinggu district. The plane circled the area before flying west into the city center.

航班追踪网站FlightRadar的数据显示，这架飞机从北京东部平谷区的一个机场起飞。飞机在该地区盘旋后，向西飞往市中心。

It was unclear if the crash was an accident or intentional. It was also unclear how the pilot was able to fly into the city center apparently unobstructed. Calls to the Civil Aviation Authority of China and a nearby police station in Beijing rang unanswered.

目前尚不清楚这次坠机是意外事故还是人为造成的。同样不清楚的是，飞行员是如何能够在似乎畅通无阻的情况下飞入市中心的。致电中国民航局和事发附近北京一个派出所的电话均无人接听。

“This aircraft is normally used for pilot training east of Beijing,” said Ian Petchenik, a spokesman for FlightRadar. He said that this flight was “out of character” with those types of flights, adding: “I don’t think we can rule anything out at this point.”

“这架飞机通常在北京东部用于飞行员培训，”FlightRadar的发言人伊恩·佩切尼克表示。他称这次飞行与此类飞行通常的特征“不符”，并补充道：“我认为目前我们不能排除任何可能性。”

There was significant police presence near the building on Friday night. The police closed at least one major road near the building, setting up a folding metal grille gate, and a police car with flashing lights was parked on the street. High above, bright lights occasionally flashed around a hole in the side of the building as repair work got underway.

周五晚上，该建筑附近有大量警察驻守。警方关闭了附近至少一条主要道路，设置了折叠式金属栅栏门，一辆闪烁着警灯的警车停在街上。大楼上方，随着维修工作的展开，大楼侧面的一个破洞周围不时闪烁着强光。

警察在靠近中信大厦的十字路口巡视，大厦外墙高层可见受损。

The skyscraper is called the Citic Tower and is also known as China Zun. It is the headquarters of Citic Group, one of China’s biggest state-owned financial conglomerates.

这座大楼名为中信大厦，也被称为“中国尊”，是中国最大的国有金融集团之一中信集团的总部所在地。

An employee of a nearby gym, who identified himself by the surname Zhang, said that he was walking with friends in the area when he saw an aircraft hit the tower around 6 p.m. local time. A woman with a head injury was later taken away in an ambulance, he said. A worker at a nearby restaurant reported hearing a loud noise around the same time.

附近一家健身房的一名自称姓张的员工表示，下午6点左右，他和朋友在附近散步时看到一架飞机撞上了大楼。他说，随后一名头部受伤的女子被救护车拉走。附近一家餐厅的员工也报告称，大约在同一时间听到了巨大的声响。

The accounts of injuries could not be immediately verified. But in a sign of the authorities’ sensitivity about the news, social media posts about the crash and the building itself appeared to be censored online in China.

有关受伤人员的说法无法立即得到核实。但关于此次坠机以及该建筑本身的社交媒体帖子在中国网络上似乎遭到了审查，这是官方对此新闻高度敏感的一个迹象。

A resident of the neighborhood who gave his surname, Wang, said that just before 6 p.m., he heard loud noises coming from the street and walked toward the tower, where he saw a hole, which was briefly on fire, in the side of the building. He also said he saw the wreckage of an aircraft, also on fire, at the base of the building. He could not determine whether there were any casualties before the police hurried onlookers away, he said.

一位自称姓王的附近居民表示，下午将近6点，他听到街上传来巨大的声响，于是走向中信大厦。他在那里看到大楼侧面有一个破洞，并短暂起火。他还表示，在大楼底部看到了同样在起火的飞机残骸。他表示自己无法确定是否有人员伤亡，后来警察赶走了围观者。

An office worker who gave only his first name, Richard, told a Times reporter that he had been in a meeting on a high floor in an office building across from the Citic Tower when he realized something had happened. “I saw some white pieces of paper fluttering through the air,” he said, though he couldn’t see or hear anything else. He said he was surprised when he emerged from his office building later to find a crowd outside.

一名只透露自己英文名叫理查德的公司职员告诉时报记者，当他意识到出事了的时候，他正在中信大厦对面一座写字楼的高层开会。“我看到一些白色的纸片飘在空中，”他说，尽管除此之外他看不到也听不到任何其他动静。他说，当他稍后走出办公楼时，很惊讶地发现外面聚集了很多人。

中信大厦外墙受损。

Later in the evening, about 200 people had gathered across the street from the Citic Tower, taking pictures. The police were waving people away from entering the street on the east side. The avenue past the south side of the building remained open to pedestrians, bicyclists and motor scooters.

当晚晚些时候，约有200人聚集在中信大厦对面的街道上拍照。警方挥手示意人们不要进入东侧的街道。大楼南侧的街道仍然对行人、自行车和电动自行车开放。

The iconic tower was completed in 2018 and can be seen from across the city. It is across the street from another well-known Beijing architectural landmark, the headquarters of China Central Television, where nearly 20 police cars were parked on Friday night.

这座标志性的大楼于2018年竣工，从北京的各个角落都可以看到它。它与北京另一处著名的建筑地标——中国中央电视台总部隔街相望，周五晚上，那里停靠了近20辆警车。

Iran’s armed forces struck a container ship that was passing through the Strait of Hormuz on Thursday, according to U.S. and Iranian officials, undermining efforts to restore shipping traffic through the crucial waterway.

据美伊双方官员透露，伊朗武装部队周四在霍尔木兹海峡袭击了一艘途经此处的集装箱船，使恢复这条关键水道航运的努力遭受重挫。

The attack came hours after Iran, demonstrating its hold over the strait, had warned ships that the only route through the vital pathway for oil and natural gas was through its waters. Many ships had been using a route on the southern side of the strait, hugging the Omani coast.

此次袭击发生数小时前，伊朗为了展示自己对霍尔木兹海峡的控制权，警告所有船只：要穿越这条对石油和天然气运输至关重要的水道，唯一许可航线必须经过伊朗水域。此前，许多船只一直选择沿着海峡南侧、贴近阿曼海岸的航道航行。

The strike halted traffic through the crucial waterway, contradicting President Trump’s claim that Iran did not control the strait and his assurances that it was open once again open to shipping. Oil prices jumped after the attack, with the cost of Brent crude, the global benchmark for oil, rising over 2 percent to about $75 a barrel. West Texas Intermediate crude, the U.S. benchmark, also rose over 2 percent, to around $72 a barrel.

袭击导致这条重要水道的航运再次中断，这与特朗普总统此前宣称“伊朗并不控制霍尔木兹海峡”以及海峡已重新向航运开放的保证相矛盾。袭击发生后油价跳涨，全球基准布伦特原油价格上涨超过2%，至每桶约75美元。美国基准西得克萨斯中质原油也上涨超过2%，至每桶约72美元。

A U.S. official, who spoke anonymously in order to share details of the strike, said the vessel had been hit by a drone. The attack prompted the International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency, to suspend its plan to evacuate seafarers from hundreds of ships that had been stranded in the Persian Gulf.

一名美国官员在匿名情况下透露了袭击细节，称该船遭到无人机打击。此次袭击还迫使联合国机构国际海事组织暂停了将数百艘滞留在波斯湾船只上的海员撤离的计划。

It was not clear how the strike would affect the ongoing negotiations between the United States and Iran over control of the strait and over Iran’s nuclear program. Secretary of State Marco Rubio met on Thursday with Gulf Arab leaders in Bahrain to try to allay their security concerns.

目前尚不清楚这次袭击将对美伊两国正在进行的关于海峡控制权和伊朗核计划的谈判产生怎样的影响。国务卿鲁比奥周四在巴林会见了海湾阿拉伯国家领导人，努力消除他们的安全顾虑。

Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps had warned ships earlier on Thursday that they must coordinate with its navy and that they should not take an alternative route, in an apparent reference to Omani territorial waters. The threats came just as shipping in the waterway was surging this week after months of near-paralysis.

伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队周四早些时候曾发出警告，要求所有船只必须与伊朗海军协调，不得选择其他航线——这显然指的是阿曼领海。这些威胁发出之际，该水道的航运在经历了数月近乎瘫痪后，本周刚开始迅速恢复。

“This route is unacceptable and extremely dangerous,” the Revolutionary Guards’ Navy said early on Thursday in a statement carried by Tasnim, an Iranian news agency tied to the Guards. “We warn all vessels to strictly refrain from any movement outside the designated routes,” it added, warning that action would be taken against vessels that did not heed its instructions.

“这条航线是不可接受且极其危险的，”革命卫队海军周四早些时候在伊朗塔斯尼姆通讯社（该机构有革命卫队背景）发表的一份声明中称。“我们警告所有船舶严格避免在指定航道之外航行，”声明补充道，并放话将对不服从的船只采取行动。

周四，国务卿鲁比奥与巴林国王哈马德·本·伊萨·阿勒哈利法在巴林会面。

The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations organization, which is administered by Britain’s Royal Navy, reported that a cargo vessel had been hit by an “unknown projectile,” damaging the bridge. The episode happened 7.5 nautical miles southeast of Dahit, Oman, where vessels were transiting.

由英国皇家海军管理的英国海上贸易行动办公室报告称，一艘货船被“不明抛射物”击中，驾驶台受损。事件发生在阿曼达希特东南方向7.5海里处，正是过往船只通行的区域。

The ship struck, the Ever Lovely, is owned by Evergreen Marine, a shipping company based in Taiwan, according to Equasis, a ship database.

据船舶数据库Equasis显示，遭袭的“长丽轮”隶属台湾船运公司长荣海运。

Arsenio Dominguez, the secretary general of the International Maritime Organization, did not name the attacked ship in a news release on Thursday, but said it had not been part of the agency’s evacuation operation.

国际海事组织秘书长阿塞尼奥·多明格斯在周四的新闻稿中未点名遭袭船只，但表示该船未包括在该组织的撤离行动中。

The Wall Street Journal initially reported the strike on the vessel in the strait.

《华尔街日报》最早报道了这起霍尔木兹海峡船只遇袭事件。

Jakob Larsen, the chief security officer at BIMCO, the world’s largest shipping association, said in a statement on Thursday that the attack underscored the importance of having clear agreements between the United States and Iran on the resumption of shipping through the strait. The current agreement is “not sufficiently clear,” he said.

全球最大航运协会——波罗的海国际航运公会的首席安全官雅各布·拉森周四发表声明称，此次袭击凸显了美伊两国就恢复海峡航运达成明确协议的重要性。他表示，目前的协议“不够明确”。

The Iranian official, who asked not to be named because he was not authorized to speak publicly, said Oman’s providing an alternative route to vessels for transiting the strait had angered Iran and undermined its control over the passageway, therefore it had decided to act.

一名因无权公开发言而要求匿名的伊朗官员表示，阿曼向过往船只提供替代航线一事令伊朗深感不满，因为这削弱了伊朗对海峡的控制，因此它决定采取行动。

The official said Oman was in a difficult position, working with Iran to create a management system over the strait and under pressure from the United States to reject all monetization and open the waterway. He added that Oman did not have the ability to provide security guarantees to vessels without Iran on board, and that Iran, which was insisting on maintaining its control over the area, would not tolerate a second- or third-party intervention.

该官员还说，阿曼处境两难——一方面要与伊朗合作建立海峡管理机制，另一方面又面临美国的压力，要求其拒绝任何收费安排，确保水道畅通开放。他补充说，阿曼在没有伊朗配合的情况下无力为过往船只提供安全保障，而坚持维护本地区控制权的伊朗也不会容忍任何第二方或第三方介入。

Though Iran agreed last week to let vessels pass through the strait safely, it is also seeking to gain more influence over shipping traffic in the waterway, said an analyst, Noam Raydan, a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.

尽管伊朗上周同意让船只安全通过海峡，但它也在寻求获得对水道航运的更多影响力，华盛顿近东政策研究所高级研究员诺姆·雷丹分析道。

“Iran wants this navigational order to be according to its own terms,” she said.

“伊朗希望按照自己的条件来确立这套航行秩序，”她说。

德黑兰街头的广告牌，展示伊朗对霍尔木兹海峡的控制，摄于4月。

Traffic through the strait — an energy route that Iran and the United States blockaded during the war — had jumped this week as vessels stranded for months in the Persian Gulf began leaving. Shipping companies are seeking to take advantage of a temporary two-month window to move Middle East crude oil.

霍尔木兹海峡曾在战争期间遭到伊朗和美国封锁。本周，随着此前滞留波斯湾数月的大批船只陆续驶离，海峡航运量大幅增加。各大航运公司正试图利用目前这两个月的窗口期，加快中东原油运输。

About 70 vessels transited the waterway on Wednesday, including 29 tankers, making it the busiest day since March 1, according to figures offered on Thursday by Kpler, a maritime data company. Before the war, 130 or more ships passed through the strait every day.

据海事数据公司Kpler周四公布的数据，周三共有约70艘船只通过海峡，其中包括29艘油轮，创下3月1日以来的单日新高。而在战前，每天通过海峡的船只超过130艘。

Bahrain is the final stop of a three-country tour for Mr. Rubio, which also took him to the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait. At a meeting with representatives of the six-member Gulf Cooperation Council in the Bahraini capital, Manama, he sought to assuage concerns among regional allies over a framework peace agreement with Iran that has left some of their central security questions unaddressed.

巴林是鲁比奥此次三国海湾之行的最后一站，此前他已访问阿联酋和科威特。在巴林首都麦纳麦与海湾合作委员会六国代表会面时，他着力安抚地区盟友对美伊框架和平协议的顾虑——这份协议并未解决他们最关心的一些安全问题。

“We want to ensure that in any decisions that are made throughout this negotiating process, the interest of our partners and our allies in the region are always taken into account,” Mr. Rubio told the council’s representatives on Thursday.

“我们希望确保在整个谈判过程中所作出的任何决定都能够充分考虑到我们地区伙伴和盟友的利益，”鲁比奥周四对海合会代表表示。

The deal should not undermine “the security, the stability, or the prosperity of any of our partners in the Gulf region,” he added.

他还表示，这项协议不应损害“海湾地区任何一个伙伴的安全、稳定和繁荣”。

Gulf Arab states have broadly welcomed efforts to end the war but remain uneasy about provisions of the preliminary agreement. The deal does not address Iran’s missile and drone programs, which Tehran used to attack Gulf countries — some hosting American military bases — after the conflict with the United States and Israel began in late February.

海湾阿拉伯国家总体上对终结战争的努力表示欢迎，但对初步协议的部分内容仍存有疑虑。协议未涉及伊朗的导弹和无人机项目——今年2月下旬美以对伊开战后，伊朗正是利用这些武器对包括驻有美国军事基地的海湾国家在内的多个目标发动了攻击。

The crucial question of how shipping will be managed through the Strait of Hormuz also remains unresolved.

霍尔木兹海峡航运管理方式这一关键问题同样悬而未决。

The naval arm of the Revolutionary Guards, in its latest threat, repeated that coordination with the guards was “mandatory” for vessels seeking to transit the strait. Iran has insisted on this since the framework U.S.-Iran peace deal was announced last week.

革命卫队海军在其最新威胁中重申，与革命卫队协调是希望通过海峡的船只“必须”做的事。自上周美伊框架和平协议宣布以来，伊朗一直坚持这一要求。

周四，鲁比奥在巴林首都麦纳麦与海湾国家外长会面。

Several container ships, some of which were stranded for more than three months, have been able to leave the Persian Gulf.

目前，已有多艘集装箱船陆续驶离波斯湾，其中有些已滞留超过三个月。

The Danish shipping giant Maersk said two of its vessels left the Gulf between late Wednesday and early Thursday after “security assessments” and consultations with regional security partners. Three Maersk vessels remain in the Gulf and are expected to leave later, the company said.

丹麦航运巨头马士基表示，其两艘船只在经过“安全评估”并与地区安全合作伙伴磋商后，于周三晚间至周四凌晨先后离开波斯湾。该公司表示，另有三艘马士基船只仍留在海湾，预计稍后也将驶离。

Since early May, the U.S. military has helped ships sail through the strait on routes close to Oman. More than 500 ships and 250 million barrels of crude have been moved under that effort, according to U.S. Central Command, which is behind the operation.

5月初以来，美国军方一直协助船只沿阿曼的航线穿越海峡。据负责该行动的美国中央司令部统计，迄今已有逾500艘船只、2.5亿桶原油借助这一行动顺利转移。

Mr. Rubio, during his meeting with Gulf Cooperation Council foreign ministers on Thursday, rejected Iran’s continued claim to control passage through the strait.

鲁比奥周四在与海合会各国外长举行的会议上明确拒绝了伊朗继续声称拥有霍尔木兹海峡通行控制权的说法。

“International waterways do not belong to any nation state,” he said. “This is a foundational principle in the world today, without which the world would be in total chaos.”

“国际水道不属于任何国家，”他说。“这是当今世界的一项基本原则，如果不是这样，世界将陷入彻底混乱。”

Northern Venezuela is no stranger to large, damaging earthquakes. But the pair that tore through the region on Wednesday ranks as a rare catastrophe — a one-two punch representing one of the most powerful tectonic events to strike there in the past century.

委内瑞拉北部地区发生破坏性大地震并不罕见。但周三袭击该地区的两次强震堪称罕见的灾难——这场连环重击是过去一个世纪以来袭击该地区最强烈的地质构造事件之一。

At 6:04 p.m. local time, a magnitude 7.2 temblor struck to the west of the capital city of Caracas; this was followed just 39 seconds later by a magnitude 7.5 rupture. So-called doublets are uncommon, but not vanishingly so. In September 2025, just southwest of Wednesday’s doublet, a pair of quakes (magnitudes 6.2 and 6.3) caused widespread damage to buildings and injured more than 110 people.

当地时间下午6点04分，首都加拉加斯以西发生7.2级地震；仅39秒后，又发生了7.5级地震。所谓的“双震”虽然不常见，但并非绝无仅有。在2025年9月，就在此次双震的西南方位曾发生6.2级和6.3级的双震，造成大量建筑受损，导致110多人受伤。

The extent of the devastation is not yet clear, and scientists may yet revise their estimates of the quakes’ strength. Over the coming weeks, researchers will gather reams of geologic data and build up a detailed picture of the twin temblors.

目前的受灾程度尚不明确，科学家们可能还会修正对地震强度的评估。在接下来的几周里，研究人员将收集大量的地质数据，以还原此次双震的详细情况。

But they already have an idea as to why these quakes took place in such a remarkably short time and why they were so damaging. Here’s what they know so far about these catastrophic earthquakes, and what to expect in the days to come.

但关于这两次地震为何会在如此短的时间内接连发生，以及为何会造成如此严重的破坏，他们目前已经有了初步推断。以下是目前对这场灾难性地震的了解，以及对未来几天的预测情况。

Why was one strong quake immediately followed by another?

为什么一场强震之后紧接着又发生了一场强震？

During a sequence of earthquakes, the most powerful among them — in this case, the magnitude 7.5 event — is considered to be the main shock, which would make the magnitude 7.2 event the “foreshock.”

在一系列地震中，震级最大的那一次被称为主震——这次的7.5级地震为主震，7.2级地震则属于前震。

These two quakes together are known as a doublet, because of their back-to-back nature at nearly the same location and probably on the same fault, or a closely related group of faults. But Wednesday’s pair was peculiar.

由于两次地震在几乎同一地点接连发生，而且很可能发生在同一断层或彼此密切相关的一组断层上，因此它们共同构成了一次双震。不过，周三的双震相当特殊。

“Most doublets don’t occur quite this close together in time,” said Brandon Bishop, a seismologist at Saint Louis University. “Delays of hours to a few days are much more common.”

“大多数双震在时间上不会靠得这么近，”圣路易斯大学地震学家布兰登·毕肖普指出，“间隔数小时到数天的情况更为常见。”

The timing is almost certainly not a coincidence. “It is very likely that the first triggered the second one,” said Harold Tobin, the director of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network at the University of Washington.

这两场地震在时间上几乎可以肯定不是巧合。“第一场地震很可能触发了第二场，”华盛顿大学“太平洋西北地震网络”主任哈罗德·托宾说。

The ferocious seismic waves unleashed by the initial rupture may have convulsed an adjacent, locked-up section of the fault, which triggered the second quake. Although these two quakes might be considered separate events, “this could be regarded as one earthquake that went on for 50 seconds or so,” said Stephen Hicks, a seismologist at University College London in England.

第一次断裂释放出的猛烈地震波可能扰动了断层相邻的锁固段，从而引发了第二次地震。尽管这两次地震可能被视为独立事件，但英国伦敦大学学院的地震学家斯蒂芬·希克斯认为，“也可以把它们看作是一场持续了约50秒的大地震。”

Instead of a pause between the two events, it may be better to think of this disaster as a near continuous rupture that “cascaded into this bigger beast,” he added.

他说，与其认为两次地震之间存在停顿，不如把这场灾难理解为一次几乎持续不断的断层破裂，它“一路演变最终发展成了这个更为可怕的巨兽”。

Why were these earthquakes so destructive?

为什么双震的破坏力如此巨大？

Although a magnitude 7.2 event sounds just a little less severe than a magnitude 7.5 quake, this scale isn’t linear. According to scientists, the second quake released almost three times as much energy as the first.

尽管7.2级听起来只比7.5级稍弱一点，但震级并非线性关系。据科学家称，第二次地震释放的能量几乎是第一次的三倍。

Other factors conspired to make this doublet particularly devastating.

此外，还有其他多种因素共同导致这次双震的破坏力异常巨大。

“Both earthquakes are relatively shallow,” said Dr. Bishop. That means that the potency of the seismic waves wasn’t much diminished by the time they coursed across the Earth’s surface.

毕晓普博士说：“这两场地震的震源都比较浅。”这意味着，在传导至地表时地震波能量并未发生太多衰减。

The quakes took place in the Yaracuy Valley, which is filled with loose sediments — the very sort that amplify shaking. This led to landslides and even liquefaction, a temporary state in which soil behaves like a fluid.

地震发生在亚拉奎山谷，那里覆盖着大量松软的沉积物——正是会放大地震晃动的那种地层。这导致了山体滑坡甚至土壤液化，也就是一种土壤暂时表现出流体特性的状态。

And as the fault rupture moved eastward, in the direction of the capital city, Caracas “got a direct hit,” said Dr. Hicks.

希克斯博士指出，随着断层破裂向东扩展，直逼首都方向，加拉加斯受到“正面冲击”。

The fact that Venezuela lacks a technologically sophisticated earthquake early-warning system and is in a state of economic and political disarray only exacerbated the potential for disaster.

此外，委内瑞拉缺乏技术先进的地震预警系统，且长期处于经济与政治动荡状态，这也进一步放大了灾难造成的影响。

周四，加拉加斯西北方向约30公里处的卡蒂亚拉马尔，受地震损毁的房屋。

Is this area prone to earthquakes?

该地区本来就容易发生地震吗？

This region is a messy geologic jigsaw puzzle. The Caribbean tectonic plate is moving eastward relative to the South American plate by less than an inch per year. In one section, the Caribbean plate has also been forced under the South American plate, causing parts of the latter to fragment.

这一地区的地质构造十分复杂，犹如一幅凌乱的拼图。加勒比板块相对于南美板块正以每年不到约2.5厘米的速度向东移动。与此同时，在部分区域，加勒比板块还俯冲至南美板块之下，导致后者部分地壳发生碎裂。

Within a 155-mile vicinity of Wednesday’s earthquakes, there have been seven magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes in the past century. And around the epicenters of this week’s doublet, there are three known significant faults mapped out: the Boconó Fault, the El Guayabo Fault and the Morón Fault.

在周三两次地震震中方圆约250公里的范围内，过去100年里已经发生过七次6级或以上地震。此次双震震中附近目前已知至少分布着三条重要断层：博科诺断层、埃尔瓜亚沃断层和莫龙断层。

The magnitude 7.5 event appears closest to El Guayabo, while the magnitude 7.2 earthquake seems nearest to Morón. But with the uncertainties involved, all three are suspects — and more than one could have ruptured.

7.5级地震似乎最接近埃尔瓜亚沃断层，7.2级地震似乎最靠近莫龙断层。但由于存在不确定性，三条断层都有可能是元凶——而且可能不止一条发生了断裂。

This complexity makes untangling the root cause of Wednesday’s quakes somewhat troublesome. But early indications are that the fault, or faults, that ruptured did so in a strike-slip fashion, meaning two blocks of the crust slipped in a side-to-side manner with respect to each other.

这种复杂性令厘清周三地震的真正成因变得相当困难。但初步迹象表明，发生断裂的断层属于走滑断层，即断层两侧的地壳主要是沿水平方向彼此错动。

“Strike-slip faults tend to produce strong seismic shaking, especially near to and along the length of the fault that moved,” Dr. Tobin said.

“走滑断层往往会产生强烈的地震晃动，特别是在靠近断层沿线及沿断裂带延伸的方向上，”托宾博士说。

“This is analogous to the East Anatolian Fault that devastated Turkey a few years ago, Haiti in 2010, or the San Andreas Fault,” he added.

他补充道：“这与前几年重创土耳其的东安纳托利亚断层、引发2010年海地地震的圣安德烈亚斯断层非常相似。”

Will there be any significant aftershocks?

还会发生较大的余震吗？

They are already taking place. According to the forecasts by the U.S. Geological Survey, the region will be rattled by myriad smaller quakes (magnitudes 3 to 5) over the next week.

余震已经在持续发生。根据美国地质调查局预测，未来一周，该地区将持续发生多次3级至5级的小型地震。

Within this time frame, there is a 24 percent chance of a magnitude 6 event striking the area, and a 3 percent chance of another magnitude 7 quake taking place.

与此同时，该地区未来一周发生6级地震的概率为24%；再次发生7级地震的概率为3%。

“Normally, aftershocks occur most frequently right after a big one, then tail off exponentially over days to weeks to years,” said Dr. Tobin. That means the chaos and fear gripping the nation right now is likely to continue well into the future.

“通常情况下，余震在大震后发生得最频繁，然后随时间推移呈指数级衰减，这一过程会持续数天、数周到数年，”托宾博士表示。这意味着，目前笼罩该国的混乱与恐慌很可能会持续相当长一段时间。

Watermelon is the fruit of summer. In the United States, it’s more popular than cantaloupe, honeydew and all other melons combined.

西瓜是夏天的水果。在美国，它比哈密瓜、白兰瓜以及所有其他瓜类加起来还要受欢迎。

It’s good for your body, too, especially on a hot day. Here’s a rundown of watermelon’s healthiest qualities, plus some cool and delicious recipes from New York Times Cooking.

它对你的身体也很有好处，尤其是在炎热的日子里。以下概括了西瓜最健康的特性，以及一些清凉美味的纽约时报烹饪(New York Times Cooking)食谱。

It’s hydrating.

它能补水。

“Watermelon” is a fitting name, because it’s more than 91 percent water. When you eat an average-size wedge (10 ounces or so), you’re effectively drinking a full cup of water.

西瓜的英文名称watermelon（直译为“水瓜”——译注）是一个恰如其名的称呼，因为它的含水量超过91%。吃一块中等大小的西瓜（280克左右）实际上等于喝下了一整杯水。

Hydration keeps the body functioning as it should, from promoting blood flow to bowel regularity. The water in watermelon helps keep you hydrated, which can be extra beneficial in hot weather, when you lose more fluids through sweat.

补水能保持身体机能正常运转，从促进血液流动到维持正常的排便习惯。西瓜中的水分有助于保持身体水分，这在炎热的天气里可能格外有益，因为此时你通过排汗流失了更多的体液。

“Our bodies recognize and utilize water molecules regardless of the source,” said Dr. Tamara Hew-Butler, a sports medicine scientist at Wayne State University. “Moist foods like fruit, vegetables and soups are considered water sources.”

“无论来源如何，我们的身体都能识别并利用水分子，”韦恩州立大学的运动医学科学家塔玛拉·休-巴特勒博士说。“像水果、蔬菜和汤这样的含水食物都被视作水源。”

Older people, in particular, may find it easier and more enjoyable to get some of their fluids through fruit, said Amy Ellis, a dietitian and associate professor of nutrition at the University of Alabama. They tend to feel less thirsty and therefore drink less — one of the reasons they’re at a higher risk for dehydration and heat-related illness during a heat wave.

阿拉巴马大学营养学副教授兼注册营养师艾米·埃利斯表示，老年人尤其可能觉得通过水果摄入部分体液更容易、也更令人愉悦。他们往往不容易感到口渴，因此喝水较少——这也是他们在高温天气出现脱水和热相关疾病的风险更高的原因之一。

It’s not as sugary as you might think.

它的含糖量没有你想象的那么高。

Because watermelon is mostly water, it’s also low in calories — a one-cup serving has just 46.

因为西瓜大部分是水，所以热量也很低——一份一杯分量的西瓜只有46卡路里。

“Some people think it’s sky-high in sugar because it tastes so sweet, but really it’s very moderate,” Dr. Ellis said. One cup of diced watermelon contains about 9.5 grams of sugar, which is less than the 13 grams in a cup of chopped apples or the nearly 15 grams in a cup of blueberries.

“有些人认为西瓜含糖量高得惊人，因为尝起来太甜了，但实际上非常适中，”埃利斯说。一杯切丁的西瓜含有大约9.5克的糖，这少于一杯切碎的苹果中所含的13克糖，或一杯蓝莓所含的近15克糖。

That’s little enough that the fruit likely won’t cause spikes in blood sugar, added Joanne Slavin, a dietitian and professor of food science and nutrition at the University of Minnesota.

明尼苏达大学食品科学与营养学教授兼注册营养师乔安·斯拉温补充说，这是很低的含糖量，因此这种水果很可能不会引起血糖飙升。

Calories are energy, though, so watermelon alone won’t sufficiently fuel your body, said Samantha Dieras, a dietitian and the director of ambulatory nutrition services at Mount Sinai Hospital. But when you eat watermelon as part of a balanced diet, the water content and sweet flavor could help you feel satiated.

西奈山医院门诊营养服务主任兼注册营养师萨曼莎·迪拉斯表示，不过热量即是能量，因此单靠西瓜无法为你的身体提供足够的动力。但当你把西瓜作为平衡饮食的一部分来食用时，其水分含量和甜味可以帮助你获得饱腹感。

It’s heart healthy, to some degree.

它对心脏健康有一定助益。

Watermelon is fat- and sodium-free, which is good for your heart. But the jury is still out as to whether watermelon plays an active role in lowering heart disease risk, Dr. Slavin said.

西瓜不含脂肪和钠，这对你的心脏很有好处。但斯拉温说，关于西瓜是否在降低心脏病风险方面发挥积极作用，目前仍无定论。

Dr. Slavin, Dr. Ellis and Dr. Dieras all suggested that the amino acid L-citrulline and the micronutrient lycopene — both abundant in watermelon — could improve heart health. There’s a rationale for these ideas, Dr. Slavin said.

斯拉温、埃利斯和迪拉斯都表示，L-瓜氨酸和微量营养素番茄红素——这两者在西瓜中都很丰富——可以改善心脏健康。斯拉温说，这些观点是有依据的。

Scientists know that the kidneys convert L-citrulline into nitric oxide, which can relax your artery walls and lower blood pressure. And lycopene, a chemical found in certain plants, can reduce inflammation, which is linked to heart disease. People tend to associate lycopene with tomatoes, but watermelon has more.

科学家知道，肾脏会将L-瓜氨酸转化为一氧化氮，从而可以舒张你的动脉壁并降低血压。番茄红素这种在某些植物中发现的化学物质可以减轻炎症，而炎症与心脏病密切相关。人们往往将番茄红素与西红柿联系在一起，但西瓜中的含量更多。

Still, independently funded human studies directly examining watermelon’s effect on heart health have not shown measurable improvements. “Watermelon is not a magic bullet,” said Dr. Ellis, who led one of the studies. “It’s not going to displace blood pressure medication or anything like that. But if it’s incorporated into a diet with nutrient-dense foods, it may be a good thing for vascular health.”

尽管如此，直接检测西瓜对心脏健康影响的独立资助人体研究并未显示出可测量的改善。“西瓜并不是灵丹妙药，”主导了其中一项研究的埃利斯说。“它不会取代降压药或诸如此类的任何药物。但如果将它纳入富含营养成分食物的饮食中，可能对血管健康是一件好事。”

Here’s how to make the most of it.

以下是如何最大程度利用它。

Watermelon doesn’t lend itself well to canning, drying or freezing, Dr. Slavin said, so it’s harder to enjoy out of season. She thinks this is one reason the fruit is so loved.

斯拉温说，西瓜不适合做成罐头、烘干或冷冻，因此很难在反季节时享用。她认为这也是这种水果如此受人喜爱的原因之一。

“Watermelon is summer and happiness,” she said. “When someone cuts open a fresh watermelon and hands you a hunk, that’s when it’s best.”

“西瓜代表着夏天和快乐，”她说。“当有人切开一个新鲜的西瓜并递给你一大块时，那就是它最美味的时候。”

It’s also delicious in a dinner salad, soup or fizzy drink. Here are some recipes from NYT Cooking to get you started.

它在晚餐沙拉、汤或起泡饮料中也非常美味。以下是一些来自纽约时报烹饪(NYT Cooking)的食谱，可以作为你的尝试开始。

1. Farro and Watermelon Salad

1. 法罗麦西瓜沙拉

Sam Kaplan for The New York Times. Food stylist: Suzanne Lenzer. Prop stylist: Randi Brookman Harris

In this satisfying grain bowl, watermelon is paired with farro, cheese, herbs and red onion. You can substitute quicker-cooking rice or quinoa for the farro.

- 食谱：法罗麦西瓜沙拉Keep a pitcher of this chilled soup in the refrigerator for an instant meal on sweltering days. Watermelon tempers the sweetness of overripe summer tomatoes in the blended mix.

• Recipe: Tomato-Watermelon Gazpacho With Avocado

- 食谱：牛油果西红柿西瓜冷汤

3. Country Panzanella With Watermelon Dressing

3. 配西瓜酱的乡村面包沙拉

Ryan Liebe for The New York Times. Food Stylist: Simon Andrews.

Juicy with chunks of watermelon, tomatoes and cucumber, this ultimate summer salad becomes even more refreshing with a watermelon dressing. Toasted ciabatta and crumbled feta make it filling enough to be a meal.

- 食谱：配西瓜酱的乡村面包沙拉This savory fruit dish tossed with spicy cumin-citrus dressing could work with any fruit, but is especially good with watermelon. It’s tasty as a stand-alone snack or as a side dish.

• Recipe: Watermelon Chaat

- 食谱：西瓜恰特

5. Watermelon Ginger Beer

5. 西瓜姜汁啤酒

Blitzing watermelon into juice is a brilliant move all summer long. Topping it off with fizzy ginger beer for a nonalcoholic spritz? Genius.

将西瓜榨成汁是夏日里的妙招。在上面倒入起泡的姜汁啤酒，做成一杯无酒精汽水？简直天才。

• Recipe: Watermelon Ginger Beer

- 食谱：西瓜姜汁啤酒

The ambition of North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-un, to project naval power beyond his country’s coastal waters was boosted this week when he officially commissioned the country’s first naval destroyer, which he said was armed with nuclear-capable missiles.

随着朝鲜领导人金正恩本周正式宣布该国首艘海军驱逐舰入役，并称其装备了可搭载核弹头的导弹，他将海军力量投射到本国沿海海域之外的野心进一步膨胀。

Mr. Kim attended a ceremony for the 5,000-ton Choe Hyon on Tuesday in Nampo, a port southwest of the capital, Pyongyang, according to state media. The largest warship North Korea has ever built, the vessel has come to symbolize Mr. Kim’s drive to expand and nuclearize his navy since its maiden test run in April last year.

据官方媒体报道，金正恩周二在首都平壤西南方向的港口城市南浦出席了为5000吨舰船“崔贤号”举行的仪式。作为朝鲜有史以来建造的最大战舰，该舰自去年4月进行首次试航以来，已成为金正恩扩大海军并使其核武化努力的象征。

Mr. Kim said in a speech at the ceremony that the navy was going into “full-fledged service” and that “the program of equipping the navy with nuclear weapons is following its planned course unerringly.”

金正恩在仪式的讲话中表示，海军正进入“全面服役”阶段，“海军装备核武器的计划正在准确无误地按照既定路线推进。”

North Korea’s navy has long been overshadowed by its South Korean counterpart and by U.S. naval fleets operating in the region. Its aging fleet — most vessels were designed and built during the Soviet era — has been confined largely to coastal patrols.

长期以来，朝鲜海军一直被韩国海军以及在该地区活动的美国海军舰队压制。其老化的舰队——大多数舰艇是在苏联时期设计和建造的——基本上被限制在沿海巡逻。

Mr. Kim’s naval expansion has coincided with his decision to supply weapons and troops to Russia, in support of its war against Ukraine. Russia is widely believed to be reciprocating with shipments of oil and food, as well as technology and materials to help modernize the North Korean military. South Korean analysts who observed recent missile tests conducted from the Choe Hyon said that some of the weapons, including a supersonic cruise missile, appeared to incorporate Russian technology.

金正恩的海军扩张恰逢他决定向俄罗斯提供武器和军队以支持其对乌克兰的战争。人们普遍认为，俄罗斯正通过运送石油和粮食，以及提供帮助朝鲜军队现代化的技术和材料来予以回报。观察了“崔贤号”近期进行导弹测试的韩国分析人士表示，其中一些武器（包括一款超音速巡航导弹）似乎融入了俄罗斯的技术。

Historically, North Korea’s nuclear arsenal has been built around ballistic missiles, as the country lacks nuclear-capable aircraft or submarines. In recent years, however, Mr. Kim has made the nuclearization of his navy a priority — testing submarine-launched ballistic missiles, unveiling the hull of what Pyongyang described as a nuclear-powered submarine and developing unmanned underwater vehicles that it said were capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

从历史上看，由于朝鲜缺乏具备核能力的飞机或潜艇，其核武库主要是围绕弹道导弹构建的。然而近年来，金正恩将海军核武化作为优先事项——测试潜射弹道导弹、公布平壤方面声称为核动力潜艇的船体，以及研发其声称能够携带核弹头的无人潜航器。

The destroyer program has not been without setbacks. In May last year, a second 5,000-ton destroyer — the Kang Kon — capsized during its launch from North Korea’s east coast, a humiliating failure for the regime.

驱逐舰计划并非一帆风顺。去年5月，第二艘5000吨级驱逐舰“姜健号”在朝鲜东海岸下水期间倾覆，这对朝鲜政权来说是一个屈辱的失败。

Mr. Kim ​said Tuesday that the Kang Kon, now salvaged and repaired, would soon be commissioned and pledged that warships would follow.

金正恩周二表示，目前已打捞并修复的“姜健号”不久后将服役，并承诺后续还会有战舰加入。

“We should build, every year, two surface ships whose class is higher than the Choe Hyon, including a 10,000-ton cruiser,” he said.

“我们应该每年建造两艘级别高于‘崔贤号’的水面舰艇，包括一艘10000吨级的巡洋舰，”他说。

North Korea routinely uses the unveiling of major weapons systems to burnish Mr. Kim’s image as a leader who has defied U.S.-led international sanctions to strengthen national security. Yet analysts noted that the Choe Hyon falls short of modern destroyer standards, lacking sophisticated missile defense radar.

朝鲜惯于利用重大武器系统的亮相来拔高金正恩的形象，将其塑造成一位无视美国主导的国际制裁以加强国家安全的领导人。然而分析人士指出，“崔贤号”并未达到现代驱逐舰的标准，缺乏先进的导弹防御雷达。

“It looks more like an attack destroyer chock-full of various missiles,” said Yang Moo-jin, a former president of the University of North Korean Studies in Seoul. “We will need to study how well such a ship would survive in modern warfare involving precision strikes and drone attacks.”

“它看起来更像是一艘塞满了各种导弹的攻击型驱逐舰，”首尔的韩国统一研究院前院长梁茂进表示。“我们需要研究这样一艘船在涉及精准打击和无人机袭击的现代战争中能有多大的生存能力。”

Nevertheless, military analysts warned that a North Korean fleet of larger, more heavily armed vessels could heighten tensions in waters around the Korean Peninsula, where the United States and its allies are already contending with an increasingly assertive Chinese military presence.

尽管如此，军事分析人士警告称，由体量更大、火力更猛的舰艇组成的朝鲜舰队可能会加剧朝鲜半岛周边海域的紧张局势，而美国及其盟友在那里已经不得不应对日益强硬的中国军事存在。

Ships like the Choe Hyon could give North Korea a mobile surface platform for launching nuclear weapons, said Hong Min, a North Korean military expert at the Korea Institute for National Unification in Seoul. Mr. Hong added that Mr. Kim may be drawing lessons from the recent crisis in the Strait of Hormuz about the strategic value of threatening major sea lanes — a concern of particular relevance to South Korea, which imports all of its oil and gas, much of it through ports near the two​ Koreas’ disputed western maritime border.

首尔韩国统一研究院的朝鲜军事专家洪珉表示，像“崔贤号”这样的船只可以为朝鲜发射核武器提供一个移动的水面平台。他还说，金正恩可能正从近期霍尔木兹海峡的危机中吸取关于威胁主要海上航道战略价值的教训——这一担忧对韩国尤为切身，因为韩国的所有石油和天然气都依赖进口，其中大部分是通过两国在西侧争议边界附近的港口运输的。

North Korea does not recognize the boundary​, which was established by the U.S.-led United Nations Command at the close of the 1950-53 Korean War. The two​ Korean navies have fought several deadly skirmishes ​there over the decades.

朝鲜不承认这一由美国主导的联合国军司令部在1950至1953年朝鲜战争结束时划定的边界。几十年来，两国的海军在那里进行过数次致命的交火。

This week, Mr. Kim ​said — without elaboration — that his navy would take on “a different mission” and operate over “a different area of waters.” The era when the North Korean navy just defended its coastal waters, he declared, “has now firmly become a thing of the past.”

本周，金正恩表示他的海军将承担“不同的任务”，并在“不同的海域”开展行动，但他未作具体解释。他宣称，朝鲜海军仅仅保卫其沿海海域的时代“现在已确凿地成为过去”。

Two weeks ago, the artificial intelligence company Anthropic shut down its two most powerful A.I. systems after an unexpected demand from the U.S. government to cut access to it.

两周前，在美国政府突然要求对其两款最强大的人工智能系统访问权限设限后，人工智能公司Anthropic关闭了这两个系统。

Days later, a Chinese start-up, Z.ai, released an A.I. model that is nearly as powerful as Anthropic’s models, Fable and Mythos. But Z.ai’s new technology costs much less to use, and no one in the United States was putting restrictions on it. It quickly landed on a closely watched leaderboard of the world’s 10 most popular models.

几天后，中国初创公司智谱发布了一款人工智能模型，性能几乎与Anthropic的Fable和Mythos模型相当。不过，智谱这款新技术的使用成本要低得多，且在美国不受任何限制。它很快便登上了全球最受关注的人工智能模型排行榜前十。

Z.ai is on the cutting edge of a wave of powerful but inexpensive A.I. from China that is challenging the lock that OpenAI, Anthropic and Google have had on the industry. Six of the models now on the A.I. leaderboard were developed in China.

智谱站在中国新一波高性能、低成本人工智能浪潮的最前沿，这股浪潮正在挑战OpenAI、Anthropic和谷歌长期以来对行业的主导地位。目前，全球人工智能模型排行榜中有六款来自中国。

Z.ai’s new model, GLM-5.2, arrived just as U.S. businesses realized that they had to find ways to cut down on how much they were spending on A.I. It also landed when executives in Silicon Valley were becoming worried that the Trump administration was leaning toward regulating the technology.

智谱的新模型GLM-5.2发布之际，美国企业已意识到必须压缩人工智能开支。与此同时，硅谷高管们也越来越担心，特朗普政府正倾向于加强对人工智能行业的监管。

“With Fable restricted, the gap between the U.S. and China is very slim,” said Rehaan Ahmad, a co-founder of the Silicon Valley start-up alphaXiv, who has been using Z.ai’s new model for more than a week.

“随着Fable受到限制，美中之间的差距已经微乎其微，”硅谷初创公司alphaXiv联合创始人里汉·艾哈迈德说道。过去一周多来，他一直在使用智谱的新模型。

The Chinese models still face two big hurdles to widespread use in the United States: concerns about their ties to the Chinese government and complaints that Chinese companies have unfairly used American technology to build these cheaper models. But their low cost is winning converts.

不过，中国模型在美国广泛普及仍面临两大障碍：一是人们担心它们与中国政府关系密切；二是有人指责中国企业利用美国技术、以不公平的方式开发出这些成本更低的模型。但它们低廉的价格仍不断吸引新的用户。

About 18 months ago, the Chinese start-up DeepSeek shocked Silicon Valley when it demonstrated that it could build effective A.I. far more affordably than many of its American counterparts. Z.ai is doing something similar. When performing certain tasks, GLM-5.2 costs about an eighth as much as Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.8, which came out shortly before Fable and Mythos, according to OpenRouter, a start-up that runs the A.I. leaderboard.

大约一年半前，中国初创公司DeepSeek令硅谷大为震惊，它证明自己能够以远低于许多美国同行的成本构建高性能的人工智能系统。如今，智谱正在做类似的事情。根据运营人工智能排行榜的初创公司OpenRouter的数据，在处理某些任务时，GLM-5.2的使用成本仅为Anthropic此前推出的Claude Opus 4.8的约八分之一。Claude Opus 4.8的发布时间略早于Fable和Mythos。

Like most top-performing Chinese models, GLM-5.2 is open source software, which means anyone can use and modify it for free. That makes it much cheaper to use, even if it is not quite as powerful as what American companies have created.

与大多数顶级中国模型一样，GLM-5.2页是开源软件，这意味着任何人均可免费使用和修改。这使得其使用成本大大降低，即使其性能可能不如美国公司的产品。

“Do you need to drive a Ferrari everywhere?” asked Vivek Ramaswami, a start-up investor at Madrona Venture Group. “Probably not.”

“你有必要去哪儿都开法拉利吗？”麦德罗纳风险投资集团的创业投资人初创投资人维韦克·拉马斯瓦米问道。“恐怕不会吧。”

Z.ai did not respond to requests for comment.

智谱未回应置评请求。

GLM-5.2 is particularly good at generating computer code and powering A.I. agents, digital assistants that can use other software to perform tasks. Z.ai’s technology is now the third most widely used in the world for A.I. tasks, said Anastasios Angelopoulos, chief executive of ArenaAI, which tracks millions of A.I. users.

GLM-5.2在生成计算机代码和驱动人工智能代理（能够调用其他软件执行任务的数字助手）方面尤为出色。ArenaAI首席执行官阿纳斯塔西奥斯·安杰洛普洛斯表示，智谱的技术目前在全球人工智能任务使用量中排名第三。ArenaAI追踪数百万人工智能用户。

The largest cloud computing providers, including Microsoft and Amazon, already offer access to some systems from Z.ai, DeepSeek, MiniMax and other Chinese start-ups. Microsoft has also considered adding the latest DeepSeek model as an option to power one of its own products, which now runs on technology from Anthropic and OpenAI, two people familiar with the deliberations said, speaking on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss them publicly.

包括微软和亚马逊在内的大型云计算提供商已在提供对智谱、DeepSeek、MiniMax等中国初创企业旗下部分系统的访问服务。两名不便具名的知情人士还透露，微软也在考虑将DeepSeek最新模型加入自家某款产品，作为Anthropic和OpenAI技术之外的另一种选择。

The talks were reported earlier by Axios.

Axios此前率先报道了这一消息

Microsoft, Anthropic and OpenAI declined to comment.

微软、Anthropic和OpenAI均拒绝置评。

Some software developers are reluctant to use the A.I. system that Z.ai offers from computers in China, because they worry about sharing data with the company or with the Chinese government. They are also wary of China’s efforts to censor its A.I. systems or running afoul of U.S. export restrictions.

一些软件开发人员不愿使用智谱在中国境内计算机上提供的人工智能系统，因为他们担心与该公司或中国政府共享数据。此外，他们也顾虑中国对人工智能内容的审查，以及可能触犯美国出口管制规定。

Z.ai was added to the Commerce Department’s trade blacklist in 2025. Corporate filings show that several of the company’s shareholders are controlled by a Chinese government agency that supervises the country’s defense industry.

2025年，美国商务部将智谱列入实体清单。公司文件显示，该公司数名股东受中国一家监管国防工业的政府机构控制。

Companies can still use the model without sending data back to China in violation of U.S. export rules, as long as they are careful about how they set up their systems, said Wei Chen, chief legal officer at Infoblox, a network security company.

网络安全公司Infoblox首席法务官陈玮（音）表示，只要在系统设置上谨慎操作，企业仍可在不将数据传回中国、不违反美国出口法规的前提下使用这一模型。

“The Chinese models do not have the same restrictions if you host them yourself or you go through another provider,” Mr. Ahmad of alphaXiv said. “Right now, there are more restrictions on models from Anthropic.”

初创公司alphaXiv的艾哈迈德说：“如果你自己部署这些中国模型，或者通过第三方服务商使用它们，它们就没有那些限制。现在，反倒是Anthropic的模型受到更多限制。”

After DeepSeek’s release in 2025, governments around the world passed regulations limiting its use because of data security concerns. But so far, GLM-5.2 has not raised similar alarms, Ms. Chen said.

在DeepSeek于2025年发布后，世界各国出于数据安全担忧出台了限制其使用的法规。但陈玮表示，到目前为止，GLM-5.2尚未引发类似的担忧。

DeepSeek的人工智能助手性能曾震惊硅谷。

Anthropic and OpenAI have accused Chinese companies of improperly harvesting data from their A.I. systems to accelerate the development of the Chinese technology. On Wednesday, Anthropic sent a letter, viewed by The New York Times, to Senators Tim Scott, Republican of South Carolina, and Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, accusing the Chinese tech giant Alibaba of “brazenly” and “illicitly” trying to copy its technology through 24,000 fraudulent accounts.

Anthropic和OpenAI均指控中国企业不当收集其人工智能系统的数据，以加速中国技术的发展。周三，Anthropic致信南卡罗来纳州共和党参议员蒂姆·斯科特和马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦（《纽约时报》已看到了这封信），指控中国科技巨头阿里巴巴通过2.4万个虚假账户“肆无忌惮地”和“非法地”试图复制其技术。

Alibaba declined to comment.

阿里巴巴拒绝置评。

When Mustafa Suleyman, the head of Microsoft’s A.I. lab, unveiled a suite of new models this month, he emphasized that they had been built from scratch on data that the company had commercially licensed.

本月，微软人工智能实验室负责人穆斯塔法·苏雷曼在发一系列新模型时强调，这些模型是基于公司已获得商业许可的数据从头开始构建的。

“That means that you can put it into production in a very trustworthy way with complete confidence,” he said.

“这意味着你可以完全放心地、以值得信赖的方式将其投入生产，”他说。

(The Times has sued OpenAI and its partner, Microsoft, accusing them of copyright infringement of news content related to A.I. systems. They have denied those claims.)

（《纽约时报》已起诉OpenAI及其合作伙伴微软，指控二者未经授权使用新闻内容训练人工智能系统。两家公司均否认这些指控。）

Using data from one system to train another — a process called distillation — is common in A.I. development. But the Anthropic and OpenAI terms of service forbid anyone to surreptitiously harvest data for distillation. It is not clear whether Z.ai used distillation in the development of its technology.

利用一个系统的数据训练另一个系统——即所谓的"蒸馏"——在人工智能开发领域颇为常见。但Anthropic和OpenAI的服务条款明确禁止任何人私自收集数据用于蒸馏。目前尚不清楚智谱在开发其技术时是否使用了蒸馏手段。

But distillation alone cannot build a top A.I. system. That requires several other complex techniques as well, said Charles O’Neill, head of model training at Baseten, a company that sells access to GLM-5.2.

提供GLM-5.2访问服务的公司Baseten的模型训练负责人查尔斯·奥尼尔表示，仅靠蒸馏并不足以打造出一流的人工智能系统，还需要多种其他复杂技术的配合。

“This narrative that all of the capabilities of these models are coming from Anthropic is not as true as people say it is,” Mr. O’Neill said.

奥尼尔说：“那种认为这些模型的所有能力都源自Anthropic的说法并非人们所说的那样属实。”

Chinese A.I. start-ups can offer their models as an open-source technology at far lower prices in part because the industry has benefited from years of support from the Chinese government, which views A.I. as a critical engine of economic growth.

中国的人工智能初创企业之所以能以远低于其他行业的价格提供开源技术模型，部分原因是该行业多年来受益于中国政府的支持，中国政府将人工智能视为推动经济增长的关键引擎。

Many executives have said U.S. companies should not open-source their technology because it could be used in harmful situations. But other experts argue that if regulators stifle open-source technology in the United States, China will gain a significant edge.

许多高管表示，美国公司不应将技术开源，因为这可能被用于有害用途。但另一些专家认为，若监管机构在美国压制开源技术，中国将因此获得巨大的竞争优势。

Because China produces most of the top-performing open-source systems, they say, U.S. developers will build their software atop those technologies. In the long run, that could put China at the heart of A.I. development.

这些专家指出，由于目前大多数性能领先的开源模型都来自中国，美国开发者未来很可能会建立在这些中国模型之上开发软件。从长远来看，这可能使中国成为全球人工智能发展的核心。

Some argue that Chinese systems will always trail the top U.S. models because U.S. export controls limit the flow of the specialized computer chips needed to train A.I. technologies. Z.ai and other Chinese start-ups spend millions for access to chips in data centers outside China.

也有人认为，由于美国出口管制限制了训练人工智能所需高端芯片的供应，中国模型始终会落后于美国最先进的模型。智谱和其他中国初创公司不得不花费巨资租用中国境外数据中心的芯片资源。

Z.ai’s filings in Hong Kong show that in the first half of 2025, the company spent more than seven times its revenue on expenses that essentially boiled down to fees for such computing services.

智谱在香港的备案文件显示，2025年上半年，公司用于计算服务的支出超过营收的七倍，这些费用本质上就是支付给境外算力提供商的计算资源成本。

智谱迅速在美国的软件开发人员中流行开来。

Still, experts estimate that China is just six months or less behind the American companies.

尽管如此，专家估计中国落后美国公司的差距已经缩小到六个月甚至更少。

“There had been this speculation that the export controls would eventually bite and the gap would widen between American frontier models and their Chinese models, but GLM is pushing things in the other direction,” said Jeffrey Ding, an assistant professor at George Washington University who specializes in emerging technology and international relations.

“此前有种猜测认为，随着出口管制逐渐发挥作用，美国前沿模型与中国模型之间的差距将持续扩大，但GLM正在将局面推向相反方向，”乔治华盛顿大学专门研究新兴技术与国际关系的助理教授杰弗里·丁（音）表示。

And with Fable and Mythos sidelined, many businesses have realized the importance of having alternatives.

随着Fable和Mythos暂时退出市场，越来越多企业意识到替代方案的重要性。

“There is a bit of apprehension at large organizations about loyalty,” said Justin Summerville, who runs data analytics at OpenRouter. “Who knows what the top model will be in three weeks?”

“大型组织对‘忠诚’多少有些顾虑，”OpenRouter的数据分析负责人贾斯汀·萨默维尔说，“谁知道三周后最好的模型会是哪个？”

Early this year, a medical journal article caught the attention of cancer patients and doctors worldwide because of its extraordinary conclusion. Simply changing the time of day that immunotherapy was administered appeared to produce a stunning benefit for lung cancer patients.

今年初，一篇发表在医学期刊上的文章因其惊人的结论引起了全球癌症患者和医生的关注。仅仅改变免疫疗法的给药时间，似乎就能为肺癌患者带来意想不到的巨大益处。

Those who received IV infusions in the morning had their cancer kept at bay for twice as long as those who got it in the afternoon, according to the results from a clinical trial in China and published in the journal Nature Medicine in February. The study also reported that the patients lived nearly twice as long.

根据在中国进行的一项临床试验结果，上午接受静脉输注的患者癌症得到控制的时间是下午接受输注患者的两倍。该研究于今年2月发表在《自然-医学》期刊上。研究还指出，这些患者的存活时间也延长了近两倍。

Several oncologists said that in recent months they and their hospitals had received a flurry of calls from patients inquiring about switching to morning infusions.

几位肿瘤科医生表示，近几个月来，他们和各自所在医院接到了大量患者的电话，咨询是否可以改在上午进行输注。

But on Wednesday, Nature Medicine retracted the study, citing a list of inconsistencies and irregularities in the trial’s design and results.

但在周三，《自然-医学》撤回了该研究，理由是其试验设计和结果存在一系列矛盾和不规范之处。

“It was too good to be true,” said Dr. Toni Choueiri, an oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston who helped conduct the post-publication review that led to the retraction.

“好得让人不敢相信是真的，”波士顿丹娜-法伯癌症研究所的肿瘤科医生托尼·肖埃里博士说，他协助进行了导致此次撤稿的发表后审查。

Among the issues that the journal cited in its retraction notice: Records that were supposed to be locked before the study started were changed midway through. There were discrepancies between the Chinese version of the study’s plan and the translated version. Every patient remained treated and tracked in the study’s first year, and no one dropped out because of side effects — highly unusual in an oncology study. And unusual patterns were found in the timing of follow-up scans.

该期刊在其撤稿声明中列举的问题包括：原本应该在研究开始前锁定的记录在进行到一半时被修改了；该研究计划的中文版本与翻译版本之间存在差异；所有患者在研究的第一年都接受了治疗和随访，没有人因副作用而退出——这在肿瘤学研究中极为罕见；此外，随访扫描的时间安排也发现了异常模式。

“Due to the amount and nature of the problems identified, the editors no longer have confidence in the integrity of the results,” the journal said.

该期刊表示：“鉴于所发现问题的数量及其性质，编辑们对结果的可靠性失去信心。”

Most of the study’s 28 authors were in China, with several collaborators in Europe. The study was funded by the Chinese government.

该研究的28位作者大多在中国，还有几位欧洲的合作者。该研究由中国政府资助。

China has been pumping money into its hospitals and drug companies, fueling a surge of patents, publications and new clinical trials. In just a few years, the country has rapidly transformed into a powerhouse in drug development, a shift that some U.S. officials, doctors and executives see as a threat to longstanding American dominance in the field.

中国一直在向其医院和制药公司注入资金，推动了专利、出版物和新临床试验的激增。在短短几年内，该国已迅速转型为药物研发的核心力量，一些美国官员、医生和高管将这一转变视为对美国在该领域长期主导地位的威胁。

China’s critics often question the reliability of its biomedical research. Experts said that, similar to studies in the United States, China’s research output spans a wide range in quality: Some Chinese scientists run their studies at the most meticulous standards. Others were said to cut corners.

批评人士常质疑中国生物医学研究的可靠性。专家表示，与美国的研究类似，中国的研究产出在质量上差异很大：一些中国科学家以最严谨的标准开展研究，而另一些人则被指走捷径。

Dr. Yongchang Zhang, the study’s senior author, said in a statement that an internal review had “confirmed that part of the study execution and manuscript preparation might not reach the standards for publication in a high-impact journal.”

该研究的资深作者张永昌博士在一份声明中表示，内部审查“确认了部分研究执行和手稿准备工作可能未达到在高影响因子期刊上发表的标准”。

Dr. Zhang, a researcher at the Chinese hospital where the study was conducted, added: “We acknowledge these shortcomings and sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused to the journal and its readers.” He did not provide an explanation for the problems cited by the journal.

这位供职于该医院的研究员还表示：“我们承认这些不足，并对给期刊及其读者带来的任何不便深表歉意。”他没有对期刊提出的问题做出解释。

The study had enrolled 210 patients with advanced lung cancer at Hunan Cancer Hospital in Changsha, a city in south-central China. Patients were randomly assigned to receive infusions of an immunotherapy — Merck’s blockbuster drug Keytruda or Tyvyt, which is not approved in the United States — either before or after 3 p.m.

该研究在中国中南部城市长沙的湖南省肿瘤医院招募了210名晚期肺癌患者。患者被随机分配在下午3点之前或之后接受免疫疗法输注——使用的是默克公司的重磅药物可瑞达(Keytruda)，或未在美国获批的达伯舒(Tyvyt)。

The study reported that tumors did not progress for 11 months in patients who received the earlier infusions, compared with six months for those given the later infusions. Patients receiving the earlier infusions lived for 28 months, compared with 17 months for those infused later in the day.

研究报告称，接受较早输注的患者肿瘤在11个月内没有进展，而接受较晚输注的患者肿瘤进展时间为六个月。接受较早输注的患者存活了28个月，而当天较晚接受输注的患者存活了17个月。

Those “were numbers we usually associate with new blockbuster drugs, not scheduling decisions,” wrote Dr. Gilberto Lopes, an oncologist at the University of Miami. And rescheduling a patient “costs nothing,” he noted.

迈阿密大学的肿瘤科医生吉尔伯托·洛佩斯博士写道，这些“通常是我们与新的重磅药物联系在一起的数字，而不是日程安排的决定”。他还指出，重新调整患者的日程“不需要任何成本”。

Dr. Anil Makam, an epidemiologist and health services researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, said such a drastic benefit, if real, would have prompted infusion clinics to overhaul staffing and scheduling to shift appointments to earlier in the day.

加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的流行病学和卫生服务研究员阿尼尔·马卡姆博士表示，这种巨大的益处如果是真实的，将会促使输注诊所彻底改革人员配置和日程安排，将预约时间提前。

“If we believed the effects, it would be malpractice not to,” he said.

“如果我们相信这些效果，不这样做就是失职，”他说。

But within days after the study’s publication in Nature Medicine, online sleuths and physicians like Dr. Makam began raising concerns on social media and in blog posts. Less than three weeks after the study was published, the journal published an editor’s note saying it was investigating the issues.

但在研究发表于《自然-医学》后的几天内，网络侦探和像马卡姆博士这样的医生开始在社交媒体和博客文章中提出质疑。在研究发表后不到三周，该期刊发表了一份编辑说明，表示正在对这些问题展开调查。

In a statement on Thursday, Dr. João Monteiro, chief editor of Nature Medicine, which is published by Springer Nature, said, “We are grateful to the research community for bringing these concerns to our attention.”

由施普林格·自然出版的《自然-医学》的主编若昂·蒙泰罗博士在周四的一份声明中表示：“我们感谢研究界向我们提出这些担忧。”

Some scientists have long been intrigued by the idea of harnessing the body’s circadian rhythms to try to make drugs more effective or less toxic. For example, enzymes that the body uses to break down certain medicines are more abundant at certain times of day.

长期以来，一些科学家一直对利用人体的昼夜节律来试图让药物更有效或降低毒性的想法很感兴趣。例如，人体用来分解某些药物的酶在一天中的某些时间段更为丰富。

But critics of the Chinese study argued that immunotherapy works very differently from fast-acting drugs like Tylenol. The drug Keytruda lingers in the body and takes effect over several weeks. The study did not identify a biological reason for a difference in treatment timing that would produce such a significant benefit.

但对这项中国研究的批评者认为，免疫疗法的工作原理与泰诺等速效药物非常不同。可瑞达会残留在体内，并在几周内持续发挥作用。该研究并未找出治疗时间差异能产生如此显著益处的生物学原因。

“There wasn’t any sound scientific rationale behind it,” said Dr. Roy Herbst, the incoming director of the Dartmouth Cancer Center in New Hampshire and Vermont.

“这背后没有任何合理的科学依据，”新罕布什尔州和佛蒙特州达特茅斯癌症中心候任主任罗伊·赫伯斯特博士说。

In March, a team led by European researchers reported the findings of an analysis that looked at whether more than 3,000 cancer patients across eight studies had received immunotherapy in the morning or the afternoon. Their study, funded by the drugmaker Roche, which sells a number of cancer drugs, concluded that timing was “unlikely to be a critical determinant” of how well patients did.

3月份，一个由欧洲研究人员领导的团队报告了一项分析结果，该分析调查了八项研究中3000多名癌症患者是在上午还是下午接受免疫疗法的。他们的研究由销售多种癌症药物的制药商罗氏资助，结论是时间安排“不太可能是决定患者预后好坏的关键因素”。

Other studies looking back at outcomes have found an association between the time of day that patients receive a cancer immunotherapy and how well they fare. But the why remains unclear.

其他回顾过往结果的研究也发现患者接受癌症免疫疗法的时间与他们的预后之间存在某种关联。但其中的原因仍不清楚。

Doctors said it was possible that more energetic, healthier patients might opt for morning slots. Poorer or rural patients who live far from an infusion center — and tend to fare worse — might ask for afternoon slots because they need to spend the morning traveling to their appointment.

医生们表示，这有可能是精力更充沛、更健康的患者会选择上午的时间段。而住在远离输注中心、且往往预后较差的贫困或农村患者可能会要求选择下午的时间段，因为他们需要花整个上午的时间在赶往预约的路上。

In the video, a man stands on a balcony at night hitting a puppy as it lets out sharp shrieks. He gruffly carries the dog back inside by its neck.

在视频中，一名男子夜间在阳台殴打一只小狗，小狗发出尖锐的惨叫声。他粗鲁地揪着狗的脖子把它提回了室内。

The scene in the southwestern Chinese city of Chongqing was captured by a neighbor and posted on social media this month. The video prompted concerned residents to go to the man’s apartment, where they confronted him and rescued three abused puppies, according to videos posted on social media. Within days, hundreds of people had gathered outside his apartment, in a rare display of activism that resulted in violent clashes with the police, as the local authorities tried to suppress the demonstration.

这一发生在中国西南城市重庆的事件被一名邻居拍下，并于本月发布在社交媒体上。视频促使关切的居民前往该男子的公寓，在现场与他对质，并救出了三只遭受虐待的小狗。几天之内，数百人聚集在他的公寓外，并在当地官方试图压制示威活动时与警方发生了暴力冲突。这是一次罕见的公民行动。

The man, a 39-year-old surnamed Li, was detained, according to a statement by the police in Liangjiang New District, which added that he had adopted dogs under false pretenses and abused them, causing injury and even death.

根据两江新区警方的一份声明，这名姓李的39岁居民目前已被拘留，并称他谎称收养犬只，进而对其进行虐待，导致犬只受伤甚至死亡。

Three dogs belonging to Mr. Li were sent to an animal shelter and a veterinary hospital, the local authorities said in a statement. One of them had several fractured bones, a severed tail and broken teeth, the puppy’s former owner, who helped rescue the dog, told Xinkuaibao, a local media outlet. The other two were severely malnourished and suffered from hypothermia, according to a social media post by the animal shelter Wangwang Home, which took the two dogs.

当地官方在一份声明中表示，属于李姓男子的三只狗已被送往一家动物收容所和一家宠物医院。其中一只小狗的前主人在参与救援后告诉本地媒体《新快报》，这只小狗多处骨折，尾巴被截断，牙齿被打碎。接纳了另外两只狗的动物收容所“旺旺家园”在社交媒体发帖称，它们严重营养不良，并存在失温的情况。

Because China does not have dedicated animal protection laws, the most serious charge Mr. Li could face would likely be for disrupting public order, which carries a maximum punishment of 15 days’ detention.

由于中国没有专门的动物保护法，李先生可能面临的最严重指控是扰乱公共秩序，最高惩罚为拘留15天。

This is the latest case of animal abuse in China that has spurred citizen outrage and calls for laws prohibiting animal cruelty. The incident underscores how Chinese citizens, especially young people, are making demands of their leaders, even as the authorities repress civic activism by breaking up gatherings and censoring videos and online discussion.

这是在中国引发公民愤怒并呼吁制定反虐待动物法律的最新一起虐待动物案件。事件凸显了中国公民——特别是年轻人——正在向他们的领导人提出诉求，即便官方通过驱散集会以及审查视频和在线讨论来压制公民行动。

Hundreds of residents, including some who had traveled from outside of Chongqing, staged a days-long sit-in outside of Mr. Li’s apartment.

数百名居民——包括一些从重庆以外地区赶来的民众——在李先生的公寓外进行了长达数天的静坐抗议。

The demonstrators — many of them young women, along with older residents and parents with children — held posters that read “Protect Animals” and “Stop Animal Abuse.” Supporters who could not attend in person sent food, water, stools to sit on, sleeping bags and dog food through delivery apps. Many brought their own pets to the site and shared stories about animal companionship. When Mr. Li’s apartment compound blocked more people from entering, demonstrators gathered across the street.

许多示威者是年轻女性，还有年长的居民以及带着孩子的家长，他们手持写有“保护动物”和“停止虐待动物”的标语牌。无法亲临现场的支持者通过外卖软件送来了食物、饮用水、供休息的凳子、睡袋和狗粮。许多人带着自己的宠物来到现场，分享人与动物相伴的故事。当李姓男子的公寓小区阻止更多人进入时，示威者便聚集在马路对面。

Run Gao, a Chongqing pet owner who joined the gathering, said he was “absolutely furious” after seeing videos of how Mr. Li treated his dogs. “I’ve never seen such scum,” he said by phone. “If this had happened to my cats and dog, I would have fought him to the death.”

参与聚集的重庆宠物主人高润（音）表示，在看到李先生如何对待其犬只的视频后，他感到“极其愤怒”。“我从没见过这样的败类，”他在电话中说。“如果这发生在我的猫狗身上，我会和他拼命。”

“I didn’t do anything special, I just spoke up for these voiceless animals,” he said. “I hope that all living things can be treated equally.”

“我没做什么特别的事，我只是为这些无法发声的动物说话，”他说。“我希望所有的生命都能被平等对待。”

The authorities moved to break up the peaceful gathering. Videos showed women being shoved and pinned to the ground by the police. Witnesses said that more than 10 people were taken away.

官方采取行动驱散了和平聚集的人群。视频显示，有女性被警方推搡并按倒在地。目击者称，有10多人被带走。

After those clashes, the demonstrators began chanting at officials at the site, demanding the release of protesters who were taken away, and sang China’s national anthem. In the early hours of June 11, four days after the demonstration began, police removed the rest of the group, detaining more demonstrators and erecting metal barricades to seal off the sit-in area.

在这些冲突发生后，示威者开始向现场官员高喊口号，要求释放被带走的抗议者，并齐唱了中国国歌。在6月11日凌晨，即示威开始四天后，警方驱离了其余人员，拘留了更多示威者，并树立起金属围栏以封锁静坐区域。

The case has continued to garner national attention, despite official efforts to suppress discussion of it. The original video of Mr. Li beating his dog has been deleted from social media, while videos and posts about the gathering have disappeared from the internet. A veterinary hospital that adopted the puppy with the broken bones and severed tail, and had been posting livestreams of its recovery, is no longer able to.

尽管官方努力压制相关讨论，此事仍继续引发全社会的关注。李先生殴打其犬只的原始视频已被删除，而关于聚集的视频和帖子也从互联网上消失了。收治了那只骨折且尾巴被截断小狗的宠物医院此前一直在发布其恢复情况的直播，如今也已不再继续。

While several hashtags related to the incident were removed from the social media platform Weibo, one hashtag related to the suspect’s detention has attracted more than 67 million views, with many comments calling for Mr. Li’s punishment and for animal protection legislation.

尽管与该事件相关的几个标签在社交媒体平台微博上被删除，但一个与嫌疑人被拘相关的标签已吸引了超过6700万次的浏览量，许多评论呼吁惩罚李先生并制定动物保护法。

Animal welfare advocates in China have pushed for legislation against abuse for more than a decade.

中国的动物福利倡导者推动反虐待立法的努力已持续了十多年。

Economic considerations surrounding the animal farming industry remain the biggest obstacle to such laws, said Ying Xia, an assistant professor of law at the University of Hong Kong who has researched animal protection in China. “Stricter regulations would drive up their breeding and operating costs,” she added.

香港大学研究中国动物保护的法律助理教授夏颖表示，围绕动物养殖业的经济考量仍然是此类法律面临的最大障碍。“更严格的监管将推高繁育和运营成本，”她补充道。

China’s livestock industry generated about 11 million jobs and more than $520 billion in output last year, according to government statistics.

根据政府统计数据，中国的畜牧业去年创造了约1100万个就业岗位和超过5200亿美元的产值。

Ms. Xia noted that animal protection cases that make their way through the legal system are typically argued by emphasizing the animals’ value to humans.

夏颖指出，最终得以进入法律程序的动物保护案件，在庭辩中通常会强调动物对人类的价值。

Over the past 15 years, the rise of pet ownership has shifted how many people view animals — from food or beasts of burden to companions, said Deborah Cao, a professor specializing in animal law at Griffith University in Australia. As China has become wealthier and as its middle class has expanded, concern for animal welfare has also increased.

澳大利亚格里菲斯大学专注于动物法的教授曹菡艾(Deborah Cao)表示，在过去15年里，宠物拥有率的上升改变了许多人看待动物的方式——从食物或役畜转变为伙伴。随着中国变得更加富裕以及中产阶级的扩大，对动物福利的关注也在增加。

In China’s first criminal case involving pet poisoning, a man was sentenced in 2025 to four years in prison for intentionally releasing hazardous substances after he left pesticides in public areas of a Beijing neighborhood, killing nine pet dogs and two stray cats.

在中国首例涉及宠物投毒的刑事案件中，一名男子于2025年被判处四年监禁，原因是他蓄意投放危险物质，在北京一处社区的公共区域投下农药，导致九只宠物狗和两只流浪猫死亡。

The police recently opened a criminal investigation over a popular Border collie, which had 1.5 million online followers. The dog was abducted and later slaughtered for food, according to the police in Ningling County in Henan Province, where the dog and its owner lived. According to the owner, the police accepted the case on the basis that it qualified as theft due to the dog’s commercial value.

警方近期针对一只拥有150万在线粉丝的知名边境牧羊犬立案展开刑事调查。据该犬及其主人居住的河南省宁陵县警方称，该犬被拐走后遭宰杀食用。据狗主称，警方受理此案的依据是，鉴于该犬只的商业价值，此案符合盗窃的标准。

Some cities, including Chongqing, have local regulations prohibiting dog abuse, but they lack penalties and are rarely enforced. In April, a student in the southwestern city of Ganzhou was accused of skinning cats and harassing animal-welfare volunteers. He was later expelled by his university, but faced no further charges.

包括重庆在内的一些城市设有禁止虐狗的地方性法规，但它们缺乏处罚手段且极少执行。4月，在西南城市赣州，一名学生被指将猫剥皮并骚扰动物福利志愿者。他随后被其所在大学开除，但未面临进一步的指控。

According to Diana Fu, a political scientist at the Brookings Institution who studies dissent in China, the protest in Chongqing was an example of a shift toward “post-material demands” — a departure from past protests that were traditionally about work, wages or livelihoods.

布鲁金斯学会研究中国抗议活动的政治学家戴安娜·傅表示，重庆的抗议活动是向“后物质需求”转变的一个例子——这有别于过去关于工作、工资或生计的那类传统的抗议。

Participants who spoke to The New York Times and supporters on social media both emphasized that their gathering was “voluntary” and “unorganized.”

接受《纽约时报》采访的参与者以及社交媒体上的支持者均强调，他们的聚集是“自发的”和“无组织的”。

Dr. Fu said the demonstrators were likely aware of the government’s deep suspicion of coordinated civil society movements — a wariness that developed especially after the 1989 Tiananmen protests. Under President Xi Jinping, Beijing often blames social disturbances on Western forces manipulating Chinese citizens, she said.

戴安娜·傅说，示威者很可能意识到了政府对有组织的民间社会运动的极度警惕——1989年天安门抗议后，这种警惕愈发强烈。她说，在习近平主席治下，北京方面经常将社会动荡归咎于西方力量操纵中国公民。

“The last thing the animal-rights protesters want is to be labeled as being manipulated by external forces,” she said.

“动物权利抗议者最不希望看到的就是被贴上受境外势力操纵的标签，”她说。

For many, the sit-in outside of Mr. Li’s apartment was the first time they had taken part in a civic action. Gloria Li, a local resident and volunteer who helps rescue stray animals, said she had never been involved in anything like the gathering before. She and other participants distributed food and drinks to demonstrators, as well as to residents living nearby, sanitation workers and security guards assigned to monitor the group.

对许多人来说，在李先生公寓外的静坐是他们第一次参与公民行动。当地居民兼协助救援流浪动物的志愿者格洛丽亚·李表示，她以前从未参与过像这样的聚集。她和其他参与者向示威者以及居住在附近的居民、环卫工人和被指派监视该人群的安全人员分发了食物和饮料。

When Ms. Li saw new participants standing timidly on the fringes of the crowd, she would approach them and point out stools for them to sit on.

当李女士看到新加入的参与者怯生生地站在人群边缘时，她会走上前去，为他们指明可以坐的凳子。

“I know very well that this may lead nowhere, but I still feel that someone has to speak up and resist,” she said. “That’s how society becomes better.”

“我非常清楚这可能不会带来任何结果，但我仍然觉得必须有人站出来发声并进行抗拒，”她说。“社会就是这样变得更好的。”

From a lonely hilltop in Myanmar, an unlikely commander peered at the enemy on the next crest. He squinted through dust-covered glasses. As the wind whipped up dry earth, Dr. Lone Lone, a rebel leader of five years’ vintage, swallowed a cough, then emitted a slight wheeze.

在缅甸一座孤零零的山头上，一位看上去并不像军官的指挥官正凝视着毗邻山脊上的敌人。他透过沾满灰尘的眼镜眯起眼睛。随着风刮起干燥的泥土，有着五年资历的反抗军领袖能能医生压下了自己的咳嗽，发出一声轻微的喘息。

His men saluted. Their bearing was impeccable, even if their weaponry was not.

他的部下向他敬礼。他们的军姿无可挑剔，尽管他们的武器装备并非如此。

Throughout Myanmar’s heartland, where a civil war rages fierce and forgotten, rebel groups are outgunned and undermanned. The civilians who support them face unrelenting raids by the military, which abruptly ended a brief period of electoral governance with a coup in 2021. Myanmar’s generals returned the country to full army dictatorship, fractured the nation and ignited a humanitarian crisis.

在缅甸腹地，一场激烈但不受关注的内战正在肆虐，反抗军组织在武器和人力上都处于劣势。支持他们的平民面临军方无休止的袭击，军方在2021年通过一场政变突然结束了短暂的民选政府治理。缅甸的将军们让国家重新回到了完全的军队独裁统治，使国家陷入分裂并导致人道主义危机。

Far from the spotlight fixed on Iran, Ukraine, Lebanon and other global conflicts, Myanmar, a Southeast Asian nation of about 50 million people, has quietly collapsed.

在伊朗、乌克兰、黎巴嫩和其他全球冲突的聚光灯之外，缅甸这个有约5000万人口的东南亚国家已在悄无声息中崩溃。

Recently, The New York Times photographer Daniel Berehulak and I traveled with Dr. Lone Lone to a rebel-held region. It was in Anyar, a part of central Myanmar where the rebels say no foreign journalists had gone since the military toppled the civilian government and erased political and economic reforms.

近期，《纽约时报》摄影记者丹尼尔·贝雷胡拉克(Daniel Berehulak)和我随同能能医生前往一个由反抗军控制的地区。它位于缅甸中部的阿尼亚，反抗军表示，自军方推翻文职政府、抹杀政治和经济改革以来，还没有外国记者去过那里。

A rebel soldier — a boy, really — pointed to the sky where he had been told an armed drone was prowling. Over the previous three days, Dr. Lone Lone and a group of his men had evaded drones, fighter jets, attack helicopters and even paraglider pilots intent on chucking hand-held bombs at them. They had passed through villages that had been assaulted by howitzers or set on fire by the Myanmar military. A drone somewhere in the distance was not Dr. Lone Lone’s biggest concern.

一名反抗军士兵——实际上是个男孩——指向天空，有人告诉他一架武装无人机正在空中游弋。过去几天里，能能医生和他的几名部下躲过了无人机、战斗机、攻击直升机，甚至还有企图向他们投掷炸弹的动力滑翔伞飞行员。他们穿过了遭到榴弹炮打击或被缅甸军队纵火焚烧的村庄。远处某个地方的无人机并不是能能医生最担心的问题。

Still, he urged us to retreat.

尽管如此，他还是督促我们撤退。

“I wish you could come to Myanmar without the bombs,” he said. “I love my country.”

“我希望你们能来到一个没有炸弹的缅甸，”他说。“我爱我的国家。”

After the 2021 coup, anti-military forces rose up and took control of more than half the country. Some of the rebel groups say they are fighting for Myanmar to become a federal democracy, with more rights for individual regions.

2021年政变后，反军事武装力量奋起反抗并控制了该国一半以上的领土。一些反抗军组织表示，他们正在为缅甸成为一个联邦制民主国家而战，从而让各个地区拥有更多权利。

Rebel groups have worked with a government in exile to set up schools and hospitals in a series of disparate territories they call “Free Myanmar.” They hoped that these liberated zones would expand and merge until the military, which has kept Myanmar cowering since it first seized power from a democratically elected government in 1962, would be forced to relinquish control.

反抗军组织与流亡政府合作，在他们称为“自由缅甸”的一系列零散领土上建立了学校和医院。他们希望这些解放区能够扩大并合并，直到迫使军方交出控制权。自1962年首次从民选政府手中夺权以来，军方一直高压统治缅甸，令民众陷入恐惧。

Anyar, in the nation’s arid central region, is one of the most formidable strongholds of armed resistance against the military. In the years since the coup, Daniel and I have reported from border regions where insurgencies by ethnic minorities have simmered for decades. While those zones endure frequent attacks by the Myanmar military, they also have supply lines to other countries. Arms and intelligence — and the occasional reporter — can enter.

位于该国干旱中部地区的阿尼亚是反抗军事武装抵抗最强大的堡垒之一。政变发生后的几年里，丹尼尔和我曾在边境地区进行报道，那里的少数民族叛乱已经持续了数十年。虽然这些区域频繁遭受缅甸军队的袭击，但它们也有通往其他国家的供应线。武器和情报——以及偶尔的记者——可以进入。

阿尼亚的许多地方几乎与世隔绝——没有可靠的手机信号，也没有互联网。能能医生和其他反抗军士兵在阿尼亚的一个渡河口。由于反抗军试图避开军方阵地，过去只需几个小时的行程现在需要几天时间。抵抗力量与缅甸军方士兵的阵地之间相距仅半英里。

By contrast, Anyar is marooned, even as it suffers the brunt of the military’s anger. The area is home to the nation’s Bamar ethnic majority and was historically the wellspring of support for the military, which is also predominantly Bamar. But the coup, which dragged the country back to a grimmer age, turned many people in Anyar against the military. The cost of this perceived disloyalty has been devastating.

相比之下，阿尼亚处于孤立无援的境地，即便它正承受着军方最猛烈的怒火。该地区是缅甸主体民族缅族的家园，过去一直支持军方，军方也主要由缅族人构成。但将国家拖回黑暗时代的政变让阿尼亚的许多人转而反对军方。这种被视为不忠的代价是毁灭性的。

Five years into the civil war, far from the reach of international aid groups, we found a heartland that felt lost in an apocalypse. From the skies above dusty villages and patchworks of farmland plowed by emaciated oxen, the Myanmar military’s instruments of death killed with chaotic impunity. In its isolation, Anyar suffers from crippling shortages, too, of weapons, guerrillas and, increasingly, hope.

内战爆发五年后，在国际援助组织无法触及的地方，我们发现了一片仿佛迷失在末世浩劫中的腹地。在尘土飞扬的村庄和瘦骨嶙峋的黄牛耕作的农田上空，缅甸军方的死亡机器在混乱中肆无忌惮地杀戮。由于孤立无援，阿尼亚也面临着武器、游击队员严重短缺的局面，人们日渐失去希望。

To maintain his grip on power, U Min Aung Hlaing, the junta leader, stepped down as army chief in March so he could take the civilian post of president. He oversaw stage-managed elections in which the military’s proxy party was effectively the sole choice. (In April, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the civilian leader he ousted, was transferred from prison to house arrest, according to the military.)

为了维持对权力的控制，军政府领导人敏昂莱在3月辞去了军队总司令一职，以便担任总统这一文职。他监督了精心编排的选举，在这场选举中，军方的代理政党实际上是唯一的选择。（军方称，被他推翻的文职领导人昂山素季4月从被监禁转为被软禁。）

人民防卫军（一个反抗军组织的联盟）控制的村庄。流离失所的农民在一个由反抗军控制的地区收割庄稼。

The same month that Mr. Min Aung Hlaing prepared to assume the presidency, human rights groups put the monthly civilian death toll in Myanmar at the highest mark since the coup. Nationwide, over the past five years, more than 90,000 civilians and combatants have been killed and 3.7 million people displaced, the United Nations says. Apart from the Palestinian territories, Myanmar was the most conflict-ridden place last year (although not the deadliest), according to the conflict monitor A.C.L.E.D.

就在敏昂莱准备就任总统的同一个月，人权组织公布的数据显示，缅甸当月平民死亡人数创下政变以来的最高纪录。联合国表示，在全国范围内，过去五年中有超过9万名平民和战斗人员被杀，370万人流离失所。根据冲突监测机构ACLED的数据，除了巴勒斯坦地区外，缅甸是去年冲突最严重的地区（尽管不是死亡人数最多的地方）。

Gen. Zaw Min Tun, the military spokesman, told me in an interview that airstrikes were ordered “because we got solid information” of legitimate military targets.

军方发言人佐敏吞少将在接受我采访时表示，下令进行空袭是因为“我们得到了确凿的情报”，针对的是合法的军事目标。

“That many people, civilian people, have been killed in airstrikes is just propaganda,” he said.

“至于说有那么多平民在空袭中丧生，那完全是宣传抹黑，”他说。

Death Along Dangerous Roads

危险道路上的死亡

At various stops along our route, bombs fell just before we arrived or just after we left — a measure of how common aerial assaults are in Anyar. Gyrocopters, a light helicopter-like craft, struck a village a couple miles away from where we were at one point. Drones dropped deadly payloads on a community where we had spent the night. We chased the contrails of fighter jets and stared into the sky looking for armed paragliders.

在我们沿途停靠的各个站点中，炸弹要么在我们抵达前刚刚落下，要么在我们离开后随即开始轰炸——由此可见空袭在阿尼亚是多么司空见惯。旋翼机（一种类似于轻型直升机的飞行器）一度袭击了距离我们仅几英里远的一个村庄。无人机向我们过夜的一个社区投下了致命的炸弹。我们追踪战斗机划过天空的尾迹，凝视天空寻找武装滑翔伞的踪迹。

In March, about 240 Myanmar military airstrikes killed more than 400 people, many in Anyar, according to A.C.L.E.D. In mid-April, two gyrocopters attacked a village in Anyar’s Monywa Township, killing at least 17 people. During our time in central Myanmar, we confirmed at least nine killings of civilians that had not been recorded by rights groups. This daily drumbeat of death goes all but unnoticed by the outside world.

根据ACLED的数据，3月缅甸军方实施了约240次空袭，导致了400多人死亡，其中许多发生在阿尼亚。4月中旬，两架旋翼机袭击了阿尼亚蒙育瓦镇的一个村庄，造成至少17人死亡。在缅甸中部期间，我们证实了至少九起平民被杀事件，这些事件此前并未被人权组织记录在案。这种每日上演的死亡事件几乎不为外界所知。

“Do foreigners know what is happening to us?” an Anyar resident named U San Nyaung asked me, as he swept rubble from the ruins of his home, which had been burned by Myanmar soldiers.

“外国人知道我们的情况吗？”正在清理被缅军烧毁的家园废墟的阿尼亚居民桑纽问我。

To reach the front line in Anyar, we traveled by night and by camouflage. It took us three days to traverse what would normally be about a three-hour drive. We went by car, motorcycle, boat and foot, on back roads, mountain paths, rivers and strips of highway that were less than half a mile from the front lines. Many places we visited in Anyar had almost no contact with the outside world because of military blackouts — no reliable cellphone signals, no internet.

为了到达阿尼亚的前线，我们夜间潜行并借助伪装行进，花了三天时间才走完通常只需大约三小时的车程。我们乘坐汽车、摩托车、船，或是步行，穿过小道、山路、河流以及距离前线不到半英里的公路路段。由于军方的网络屏蔽，我们访问的阿尼亚许多地方几乎与外界断绝了联系——没有可靠的手机信号，也没有互联网。

Nearly 200 houses in Mr. San Nyaung’s village, which like most of the places we visited we are not naming for security reasons, had been destroyed by fire. Then bombs fell from overhead. Three people were killed by those detonations, including a Buddhist monk. The military had left one final surprise: land mines planted near homes and Buddhist temples, to ensure carnage after soldiers departed.

在桑纽的村庄，近200栋房屋被付之一炬。与我们访问的大多数地方一样，出于安全原因，我们不公开该村庄的名字。随后炸弹从头顶落下。爆炸造成三人死亡，其中包括一名佛教僧侣。军方还留下了最后一个“惊喜”：在房屋和佛教寺庙附近埋设了地雷，以确保士兵撤离后继续造成伤亡。

Mr. San Nyaung began weeping, his tears fat and true.

桑纽开始哭泣，大颗的眼泪夺眶而出，情真意切。

“I know about Ukraine, Gaza. I feel very sorry for them,” he said. “We share the same sadness.”

“我知道乌克兰和加沙的事情。我为他们感到非常难过，”他说。“我们承受着同样的悲伤。”

Stethoscopes to Guns

听诊器换成钢枪

The roots of Myanmar’s civil war reach back to 1962, when a general grabbed power, claiming that the army was needed to prevent the country from fracturing amid incursions by ethnic militias. Those insurgencies, in which ethnic minorities demanded autonomy or even independence, have endured for decades, including one that is considered one of the world’s longest running ethnic revolts. But in this latest outbreak of civil war, the rebellion by the Bamar ethnic majority has spread the conflict nationwide.

缅甸内战的根源可以追溯到1962年，当时一位将军夺取政权，声称需要军队来防止国家在少数民族武装的入侵中分裂。要求自治甚至独立的少数民族叛乱已经持续了数十年，其中一场被认为是世界上持续时间最长的民族反抗之一。但在最近爆发的内战中，占人口多数的缅族人的反抗已令冲突蔓延到了全国范围。

“The army cannot accept that this time the Bamar are also against them,” Dr. Lone Lone said. “That’s why they are the most cruel to us.”

“军队无法接受这一次缅族人也在反对他们，”能能医生说。“这就是为什么他们对我们最残忍。”

Dr. Lone Lone, 41, never intended to command a battalion of 120 soldiers. It wasn’t just his nearsightedness, asthma or chronic back pain that made his career as an armed rebel so unlikely. Born in an Anyar town famous for its working elephants, he studied medicine and then ran his own clinic.

现年41岁的能能医生从未想过要指挥一个由120名士兵组成的营。这不仅是因为近视、哮喘或慢性背痛让他看上去不太可能有一段武装反抗的戎马生涯。他出生于阿尼亚一个以大象劳作闻名的小镇，曾修读医学并经营着自己的诊所。

In 2021, Dr. Lone Lone was about to go on a grand tour of Europe when the coup intervened and the junta imprisoned Myanmar’s elected leaders. Dr. Lone Lone joined in peaceful protests. But when the military cracked down, killing hundreds of unarmed protesters — including small children — with bullets to the head or heart, he escaped to a border region. There, ethnic militias gave basic training to white-collar urbanites like him.

2021年，能能医生正准备开启他畅游欧洲的计划，这时政变发生了，军政府监禁了缅甸的民选领导人。能能医生加入了和平抗议。然而，军方镇压示威，数百名非武装抗议者——包括幼童——被子弹击中头部或心脏而亡。他逃往了一个边境地区，在那里，少数民族武装对像他这样的都市白领进行了基础训练。

“I was good at holding a stethoscope, not a gun,” Dr. Lone Lone said.

“我以前擅长拿听诊器，而不是拿枪，”能能医生说。

Still, Dr. Lone Lone commanded respect. He ran a medical corps before coaxing volunteers from his hometown to form a battalion of the People’s Defense Forces, a coalition of militias loosely organized under Myanmar’s government in exile. His soldiers told us about life in what they called the B.C. era — before the coup. One was in the second year of his college physics course. Another worked in marketing. Some of the fighters were teenagers when they took up arms. Two were still only 17 years old. The older soldiers had suspended normal life — date nights, marriage, children, harvests, beach holidays — for what they called “the revolution.”

尽管如此，能能医生依然赢得了尊重。在劝说家乡的志愿者组成人民防卫军的一个营之前，他曾领导过一支医疗队。人民防卫军是在缅甸流亡政府下松散组织起来的武装联盟。他的士兵们向我们讲述了他们所谓的BC时代——即政变前(Before Coup)的生活。其中一人当时正在读大学物理二年级。另一人从事市场营销工作。一些战士在拿起武器时还是十几岁的青少年。其中两人至今依然只有17岁。年龄大一些的士兵则中止了正常的生活——约会、结婚、生子、收割庄稼、海滩度假，投身于他们所说的“革命”。

Nevertheless, some B.C. habits endured. One soldier driving a pickup truck on dirt roads kept using his turn signal, though there was little reason for such politesse near the front line.

尽管如此，一些政变前的习惯依然保留了下来。一名在泥泞道路上开着皮卡车的士兵仍一直使用转向灯，尽管在前线附近几乎没有必要讲究这种礼仪。

Dr. Lone Lone’s soldiers had come to this front line only a week before. In late December, a seven-month battle in northern Shan State ended with 15 rebel battalions, including Dr. Lone Lone’s, retreating. The Myanmar military buys its weapons from Russia and China, and the rebels have long given up hope that the West might finance their fight, as in Ukraine. Dr. Lone Lone’s fighters withdrew so fast they had to leave behind their treasured war elephants, a reminder of Myanmar’s martial past when pachyderms were drafted for duty.

能能医生的士兵在一周前才来到这条前线。去年12月底在掸邦北部，一场持续了七个月的战斗以反抗军15个营（包括能能医生的营）撤退而告终。缅甸军方从俄罗斯和中国购买武器，而反抗军早就放弃了西方会像资助乌克兰那样资助他们的希望。由于是仓促撤退，能能医生的战士们不得不抛弃他们珍爱的战象，它们让人想起缅甸的尚武历史，那时这些厚皮巨兽也曾被征召入伍。

反抗军战士在阿尼亚收集军火弹药。夜间推着油桶穿过一座小桥，向偏远村庄供应物资。

“We have a lack of bullets,” Dr. Lone Lone said. “I feel depressed in our revolution because we do not have support from the United States and Europe, even though we are fighting for federal democracy.”

“我们缺子弹，”能能医生说。“在我们的革命中，我感到很沮丧，因为尽管我们在为联邦民主而战，但没有得到美国和欧洲的支持。”

Myanmar’s generals, for their part, draw support from neighbors like China, India and Thailand, who are mostly interested in trying to keep instability and chaos from sloshing across their borders. Those countries tacitly backed the recent elections, which the United Nations dismissed as a “sham.”

缅甸的将军们则得到了中国、印度和泰国等邻国的支持，这些邻国主要关心的是如何防止动荡和混乱蔓延过边境。这些国家默许了近期的选举，而联合国斥其为一场“骗局”。

Western investment in the country evaporated after the coup, and the generals rely on projects like a copper mine in central Myanmar, operated by a subsidiary of the Chinese state weapons manufacturer Norinco, to churn out cash. To protect those interests, the military has swept through nearby villages, burning and looting homes and bombing shelters for displaced people.

政变后，西方在该国的投资荡然无存，将军们依靠缅甸中部的一座铜矿等项目来赚取现金，该铜矿由中国国有武器制造商中国兵器工业集团的一家子公司运营。为了保护这些利益，军方已对附近村庄进行清剿，烧毁和洗劫房屋，并轰炸难民的避难所。

Ko Thu Rein, an Anyar guerrilla commander who used to work at the copper mine, said that the government in exile loosely coordinating the heartland forces had allocated only five rifles to his unit of 80 soldiers. (Using their own money, the men had managed to scrounge together 10 more.) His soldiers have fashioned mortar launchers out of bits of metal, but there are no mortar shells to fire.

阿尼亚游击队指挥官都雷曾在该铜矿工作。他说，流亡政府松散地协调着中部地区的各支武装力量，只给他麾下的80名士兵配发了五支步枪。（士兵们用自己的钱又勉强凑了10支。）他的士兵用废旧金属自制了迫击炮发射器，但并没有炮弹可以发射。

A fighter jet tore through the sky. We tensed and waited to see if the Russian-made plane would circle back for a strike.

一架战斗机划破天空。我们紧张起来，等着看这架俄罗斯制造的飞机会不会折返回来发动攻击。

“This is my life forever,” Mr. Thu Rein said.

“这就是我一辈子的生活，”都雷说。

I couldn’t tell if he meant it in defiance, or in acceptance of his fate.

我无法判断，他说这话时是带着反抗的决绝，还是已经接受了命运。

‘There Is Death Everywhere’

“到处都在死人”

There was an airstrike last week, one the week before and another the week before that, the villagers said. There were others that went unmentioned. It was impossible to list them all. There were no more tears to shed, one woman we met at a restaurant said.

村民们说，上周发生了一次空袭，上上周有一次，再前一周还有一次。还有其他一些没有被提及。根本数不清。我们在一家餐馆遇到的一名女子说，眼泪已经流干了。

We sat eating bowls of noodles. The rebel-controlled village is a transport hub from which fuel and other supplies are disbursed to guerrilla forces. That is one reason the military has been devastating these villages.

我们坐着吃面条。这个由反抗军控制的村庄是一个交通枢纽，燃料和其他物资从这里分发到各游击队。这也是军方持续摧毁这些村庄的原因之一。

Still, people need to eat. The noodles were good. Customers slurped broth as radios on tables squawked a barrage of intelligence. The bomb shelter was out back. It didn’t look large enough to fit all the diners.

不过，人总是要吃饭的。面条味道不错。食客们吸溜着汤汁，桌上的电台噼里啪啦地播报着一连串的情报。防空洞就在后面。看上去不够大，装不下所有用餐的人。

I asked Daw Wah Wah, the noodle shop owner, if there had been any attacks over the past few days. She shook her head.

我问面馆老板瓦瓦，过去几天有没有发生过袭击。她摇了摇头。

Then she remembered. Less than two miles away, there had been an airstrike. It had killed six people.

然后她想起来了。三公里多外的地方发生过一次空袭。炸死了六个人。

When was it, I asked?

我问，是什么时候的事？

“Yesterday,” she replied. “I forgot because there is death everywhere.”

“昨天，”她回答说。“我忘了，因为到处都在死人。”

The day before one of three election rounds, two fighter jets reached the village just after noon. Three gyrocopters followed. Ma Khin Moe Hnin, the owner of a fuel depot, kept on working. Then the bombs rained down. Her gas station was charred, as were a medical clinic, guesthouse and cafe where people hooked up to a Starlink satellite for internet access. Ten people were killed, including Ms. Khin Moe Hnin’s brother-in-law.

在某一轮投票（选举共进行三轮）的前一天，两架战斗机在正午过后不久抵达了该村庄。三架旋翼机紧随其后。燃料站老板钦摩宁继续干活。随后炸弹如雨点般落下。她的加油站被烧焦了，一同被毁的还有一间诊所、一家招待所和一家人们通过星链卫星接入互联网的咖啡馆。有十人丧生，其中包括钦摩宁的姐夫。

右为玛钦摩宁，她经营的燃料站遭到军方轰炸。在阿尼亚地区的一家餐馆里，桌上的电台正在播报情报，通报军方战斗机及其他空中攻击飞行器曾被目击到的位置。阿尼亚地区一处为阵亡抵抗军士兵设立的纪念碑。

“I knew it would happen one day,” she said. “The bombs always fall.”

“我知道总有一天会发生这种事，”她说。“炸弹总是会落下来的。”

One evening, we were about to cross a river by boat — bridges were bombed too often to use — when a radio alerted us to armed paragliders drifting nearby. In the B.C. years, while in Bali for a medical conference, Dr. Lone Lone had seen paragliders float above the beach, their fabric wings bright against the blue sky. Now, he thought about the soldiers soaring through the inky night, holding bombs. Two officers who deserted from the military told me that paratroopers are considered expendable in a military that depends on conscription and drugs like methamphetamine to keep ranks filled.

一天傍晚，我们正准备乘船渡河——桥梁经常被炸，已无法通行，这时电台提醒我们，有武装动力滑翔伞在附近漂移。在政变前，能能医生在巴厘岛参加一次医学会议时，曾在海滩看到天上的滑翔伞，伞翼在蓝天的映衬下格外显眼。如今，他想到的是士兵们手里拿着炸弹，在漆黑的夜空中翱翔。两名从军方叛逃的军官告诉我，在一支依赖征兵和冰毒等毒品来维持人数的军队里，伞兵被视为可以牺牲的消耗品。

We waited for a couple hours until the danger passed.

我们等待了两三个小时，直到危险过去。

“The military is creative in one way,” Dr. Lone Lone said, his voice hushed in the dark. “They always find new ways to kill.”

“军方在某种程度上很有创意，”能能医生在黑暗中低声说道。“他们总能找到新的杀人方式。”

Breaking Point

临界点

We kept on traveling through a terrorized heartland. A couple days after we visited the noodle shop, we bumped along back roads on motorcycles for six hours. There was dust in my mouth and deep in my ears. The driver of my motorcycle, a rifle slung over his shoulder and a grenade affixed to his belt, revved the engine. Suddenly, we saw a black sedan, strangely clean, stopped on the road. We stopped, too. Out of the car strode a man with a long beard and gray hair in a ponytail. He wore an army green T-shirt and a sarong, a revolver tucked by his waist. I had no idea who he was. I also had no idea where we were.

我们继续穿越这片饱受恐惧蹂躏的腹地。离开那家面馆两天后，我们骑着摩托车在乡间小路上颠簸了六个小时。我的嘴里和耳朵眼里都满是尘土。我的摩托车司机肩上挎着一支步枪，腰带上别着一枚手榴弹，他加大了油门。突然，我们看到一辆黑色的轿车停在路上，车身异常干净。我们也停了下来。一个留着长胡子、灰色头发扎成马尾辫的男人从车里下来。他身穿军绿色T恤和纱笼，腰间别着一把左轮手枪。我不知道他是谁。也不知道自己身在何处。

The man grinned and stuck out his hand.

那人咧嘴一笑，伸出了手。

“You can call me Brother Zero,” he said. “My unit is the Zero Guerrilla Force.”

“你们可以叫我零大哥，”他说。“我的部队是零游击队。”

Brother Zero, otherwise known as Ko Thet Gyi, operates out of rebel-held territory around Myingyan, close to Mandalay, Myanmar’s second-largest city. An artist, he took up arms after the coup. His wife, who was caught in junta-controlled territory, was sentenced to 25 years in prison because of her connection to him. Her face is tattooed on his arm.

零大哥又名泰吉，在缅甸第二大城市曼德勒附近的敏彦反抗军控制区活动。他是一名艺术家，政变后拿起武器。他的妻子在军政府控制区被捕，因为他的缘故而被判处25年监禁。他把她的脸文在了手臂上。

At his camp, Mr. Thet Gyi pointed to a crater in the earth where a bomb had struck. Later we looked at another hole, larger and deeper. It was a prison for his soldiers who had tried to run away, Mr. Thet Gyi said. Five years of war, with little hope of respite, had driven up desertion rates.

在营地里，哥泰吉指给我们看炸弹袭击留下的一个弹坑。后来我们又看到了一个更大、更深的坑。哥泰吉说，那是关押逃兵的监狱。战争已持续五年，且看不到停歇的希望，这导致逃兵率居高不下。

反抗军控制区内，一座靠近寺庙的建筑被缅甸军方的空袭击中。泰吉（又名“零大哥”）展示他的文身。一名阿尼亚居民展开一张昂山素季的海报。在缅甸军方控制区，持有这位前文职领导人的画像可能招致牢狱之灾。

“We don’t have many options,” he said. “We have to keep our soldiers.”

“我们没有太多选择，”他说。“我们必须留住士兵。”

In February, an Anyar rebel commander who had bickered with other guerrilla leaders, surrendered to the Myanmar military. Soon afterward, precise attacks on Anyar’s resistance forces surged, presumably fed by intelligence provided by him.

今年2月，一位与其他游击队领导人发生争执的阿尼亚反抗军指挥官向缅甸军方投降。此后不久，针对阿尼亚抵抗力量的精准袭击便开始激增，这大概是他提供的情报所致。

In mid-March, after our trip to Anyar, the rebel fighters lost Tagaung, a strategic town that they had captured in 2024. Dr. Lone Lone’s men were forced to retreat from the hilltop front line we had visited. His battalion is now half the size it was when we met him. His deputy commander — who practically hugged me when I gave him a few sachets of Starbucks caramel latte, his favorite drink — has deserted. So has a former teacher who had told me earnestly that he had resigned himself to death if it meant eradicating the military-backed regime.

3月中旬，在我们结束阿尼亚之行后，反抗军失去了达贡，这是他们在2024年占领的战略重镇。能能医生的部下被迫从我们到访过的山头前线撤退。他的营现在只有我们见到他时的一半规模了。他的副手——当我给他几包他最喜欢的星巴克焦糖拿铁时几乎要拥抱我的那个人——已经当了逃兵。同样逃跑的还有一位前教师，他曾极其诚挚地告诉我，如果能铲除军方支持的政权，他甘愿面对死亡。

One evening during our reporting journey, I jolted awake in the back of a truck to find that we had stopped, waiting out another possible airstrike. Dr. Lone Lone grinned at me. He laughed a lot for a commander in what felt like a hopeless war. Then he stopped smiling.

在我们的报道途中，一天晚上，我在一辆卡车的车厢里猛然惊醒，发现车停了下来，等待着又一次可能的空袭。能能医生对我咧嘴一笑。作为一名身处一场看似无望战争中的指挥官，他经常笑。然后，他收起了笑容。

“If I cannot win the revolution, then I will become a monk,” he told me. “I am trying to meditate always, but sometimes in this world, it is too difficult.”

“如果革命不能成功，那我就去做僧侣，”他告诉我。“我一直有尝试冥想，但有时候，在这尘世中，太难了。”

The Cuban economy is in shambles, power outages can last 30 hours, and the Trump administration, with a figurative gun to Cuba’s head, keeps announcing new ways to deprive the Communist government of much-needed cash.

古巴经济陷入瘫痪，停电有时长达30小时，特朗普政府则像是拿枪指着古巴的脑袋，不断宣布新的措施以剥夺这个共产党政府急需的现金。

The Cuban government, responding to the country’s worst crisis in modern history, recently announced a sweeping economic restructuring. The package of 176 measures would allow more private enterprise and loosen the Cuban government’s grip on the island’s economic activity.

为了应对国家现代史上最严重的危机，古巴政府最近宣布了一项全面的经济重组计划。这项方案包含176项措施，将允许更多私营企业的发展，并放松古巴政府对该岛经济活动的控制。

Cuba denies the measures were designed to placate the Trump administration, which is demanding the island adopt wholesale economic and political changes, but few experts accept that denial. Official speeches have stressed the urgent need to resuscitate an ailing economy that is collapsing under decades of centralized rule as well as increased pressure from Washington, while insisting that Cuba will remain a socialist country.

古巴否认这些措施是为了安抚要求该国采取彻底经济和政治变革的特朗普政府，但鲜有专家接受这样的说法。官方讲话强调了重振疲软经济的迫切需要——在数十年的中央集权统治以及华盛顿不断增加的压力下，古巴经济正濒临崩溃，同时坚持古巴将仍是社会主义国家。

Economists say the blueprint, which was rushed through Cuba’s legislature last week, represents a drastic shift. It’s the first time since the 1959 revolution, which ushered in Communist rule, that the regime is offering to relinquish full control of commerce.

经济学家表示，这份上周在古巴立法机构匆忙通过的蓝图代表着一场重大转变。这是自开启共产主义统治的1959年革命以来，该政权首次主动提出放弃对商业的全面控制。

But even as Cuba’s government says it will allow private banking and individuals to own more than one business and real estate property, experts are skeptical.

但是，尽管古巴政府表示将允许私人银行业务以及个人拥有多家企业和房地产，专家们仍持怀疑态度。

A wholesale move toward a system like those in place in Vietnam or China, away from a strictly state-controlled, centrally planned economy toward a flexible, market-driven mixed economy, would be hard to pull off unless the Trump administration eases sanctions.

除非特朗普政府放松制裁，否则很难实现向越南或中国那样体制的彻底转变——从严格的国家控制中央计划经济转向灵活的市场驱动混合经济。

Some foreign businesses have started pulling out of Cuba because they fear running afoul of recent U.S. rules that make it even more difficult to do business there. For them to come back, more than just Cuba’s regulations would have to change.

一些外国企业已经开始撤出古巴，因为他们担心触犯美国最近出台的规定，这些规定使得在古巴做生意变得更加困难。如果要让这些企业重返古巴，光是改变古巴的法规还远远不够。

And the Cuban government has a serious credibility problem, experts say. Officials have announced economic changes before, only to pull them back without explanation. Cuba lacks the rule of law and a separation of powers and often fails to pay its bills. It’s a notoriously risky business environment.

专家们还表示，古巴政府面临严重的信誉问题。官员们以前也曾宣布过经济变革，结果却在没有解释的情况下将其撤回。古巴缺乏法治和权力分立，且经常拖欠账款，是出了名的高风险商业环境。

Some experts likened the ambitious new package of incentives designed to encourage foreign investment in Cuba to a recurring bit from the cartoon “Peanuts”: Lucy trying to sweet talk Charlie Brown into taking another swing at that football.

一些专家将旨在鼓励外国在古巴投资的雄心勃勃的新激励方案，比作《花生》漫画中反复出现的桥段：露西试图用甜言蜜语哄骗查理·布朗再去踢那只橄榄球。

2019年，古巴纳瓦哈斯的养蜂人。古巴对商业活动监管严格，禁止的行为包括直接向公众销售蜂蜜等。

So What Exactly is Cuba Planning to Do?

那么，古巴到底打算做什么？

The package includes an expansion of the fledgling private sector with greater freedom to import and export without state interference.

该方案包括扩大刚刚起步的私营部门，赋予其在没有国家干预的情况下进行进出口的更大自由。

• Businesses in Cuba would for the first time be permitted to hire more than 100 employees, a limit meant to prevent the private sector from growing too big. Entrepreneurs would also be allowed to own multiple private businesses, ending a stifling practice and longstanding grievance of the private sector.

· 古巴企业将首次获准雇用超过100名员工，此前的限制旨在防止私营部门规模过大。企业家也将被允许拥有多家私营企业，从而结束长期以来令私营部门感到束缚的做法，平息不满。

• The changes open the door to private real estate development on the island and propose transforming state-owned businesses into private commercial ventures with shares and equity stakes. It would allow private banks to enter Cuba's once exclusively state-run finance sector.

· 这些变化为岛上的私人房地产开发打开了大门，并提出将国有企业转变为拥有股份和股权的私人商业企业。这将允许私人银行进入古巴曾经完全由国家主导的金融领域。

• The government also plans to eliminate 70 of 125 prohibited business activities, but did not specify which ones. Businesses are highly regulated in Cuba and government prohibitions are wide ranging; they include buying wholesale, selling honey directly to the public and making orthopedic footwear.

· 政府还计划取消125项被禁止的商业活动中的70项，但没有具体说明是哪些项目。在古巴，企业受到高度监管，政府的禁令范围很广，其中包括批发采购、直接向公众出售蜂蜜以及生产矫形鞋。

• State-owned properties can now also be sold to national and foreign companies and individuals, including Cubans residing abroad. It even permits fast-food chains to open franchises on the island.

· 国有财产现在也可以出售给本国和外国的公司及个人，包括居住在海外的古巴人。它甚至允许快餐连锁店在岛上开设特许经营店。

• Acknowledging that its safety net is fraying, the Cuban government wants to shift responsibility for old-age homes and other social welfare programs to private businesses.

·古巴政府承认其社会保障体系正在松动，因此希望将养老院和其他社会福利项目的责任转移给私营企业。

本月，哈瓦那东部的阿拉马尔的一个私营市场。

What do experts say about it?

专家们对此有何看法？

Most experts say the ideas sound familiar: Economists have been proposing them for decades. Others said it was maybe not too little, but likely too late to rescue the economy or satisfy the United States.

大多数专家表示这些想法听起来很熟悉：经济学家几十年来一直在提出这些建议。还有人表示，这些措施或许并非力度不足，但可能为时已晚，既无法拯救经济，也无法满足美国的要求。

Experts also believe some measures violate the Cuban Constitution, which enshrines socialism. Economists worry that the Cuban government announced a slew of measures, all at once, without a timeline or a clear path forward of how to implement or finance them.

专家们还认为，一些措施违反了将社会主义奉为神圣的古巴宪法。经济学家担心，古巴政府一口气宣布了一系列措施，却未制定时间表，也未明确如何实施或筹措资金的具体方案。

“Some of them are quite radical,” said Pedro Monreal, a Cuban economist. “The problem is not so much whether they arrived late or early, but whether it’s feasible — if they can really work.”

“其中一些措施相当激进，”古巴经济学家佩德罗·蒙雷亚尔说。“问题不在于它们来得晚还是早，而在于是否可行——它们是否真能起作用。”

Daniel Torralbas, a former policy analyst at Cuba’s Ministry of Economy and Planning, said that though many questions remain unanswered, “without a doubt” the changes “are the most profound” the Cuban government has announced since taking power in 1959.

古巴经济计划部前政策分析师丹尼尔·托拉尔巴斯表示，尽管许多问题仍悬而未决，但“毫无疑问”，这些变化是古巴政府自1959年掌权以来宣布的“最深刻的”变革。

“But that doesn’t mean that they are going to work, nor does it mean they are going to be implemented all at once, nor does it mean they will be successful,” said Mr. Torralbas, who is currently studying in London.

“但这并不意味着它们一定会奏效，也不意味着它们会同时实施，更不意味着它们会取得成功，”目前正在伦敦求学的托拉尔巴斯说。

Several experts warned that some measures, like opening state assets to private ownership, while unthinkable even a few months ago, could open the door to cronyism.

几位专家警告称，一些措施——例如允许私人拥有国有资产——在几个月前还是不可想象的，它们可能会为裙带关系打开大门。

Pavel Vidal, a Cuban economist who teaches at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Cali, Colombia, said such changes are risky. Without oversight, transparency and a clear legal framework, he said, they could lead to inside dealing.

在哥伦比亚卡利的哈维里亚纳天主教大学任教的古巴经济学家帕维尔·维达尔表示，此类变革存在风险。他说，如果没有监督、透明度和清晰的法律框架，它们可能会导致内幕交易。

“They can create opportunities for corruption, rent-seeking, and opaque asset transfers to elites with political power or privileged access to information,” Mr. Vidal said.

 “它们可能为腐败、寻租以及向拥有政治权力或享有信息获取特权的精英进行不透明资产转移创造机会，”维达尔说。

上周，一位女性正在收看曼努埃尔·马雷罗总理的电视讲话，他在讲话中向古巴全国人民代表大会提出了一揽子支持市场经济的改革方案。

What are Cuban government loyalists saying about it?

古巴政府的忠诚支持者对此有何评论？

Prime Minister Manuel Marrero bluntly stated that the accumulation of wealth in private hands — for decades a communist taboo in Cuba — would no longer be forbidden. He explicitly recognized “the legitimate growth of the financial and material assets of legal entities and individuals.”

总理曼努埃尔·马雷罗直言不讳地表示，财富在私人手中的积累——几十年来一直是古巴的共产主义体制的禁忌——将不再被禁止。他明确承认“法人和个人的金融与物质资产的合法增长”。

President Miguel Díaz-Canel added: “If there is no wealth, there is nothing to distribute. If there is no wealth, there is no social justice.”

总统米格尔·迪亚斯-卡内尔还说：“如果没有财富，就无从分配。如果没有财富，就没有社会正义。”

Carlos Luis Jorge Méndez, Cuba’s deputy minister of foreign trade and foreign investment, said the government would cut back on bureaucracy and other obstacles to making deals.

古巴外贸和外国投资部副部长卡洛斯·路易斯·豪尔赫·门德斯表示，政府将减少官僚主义，并消除其他阻碍交易开展的障碍。

He told a United Arab Emirates newspaper that Cuba was “open for business.”

他在接受一家阿拉伯联合酋长国报纸采访时表示，古巴已经“敞开商业大门”。

But what about Washington?

但是华盛顿方面呢？

The U.S. State Department, responding to questions, said in a statement that President Trump would continue to apply pressure to drive much more substantial economic and political overhauls.

美国国务院在回应质询时发表声明称，特朗普总统将继续施加压力，以推动更为实质性的经济和政治改革。

Mr. Trump, the State Department said, wants to “make Cuba investable” and allow private businesses to grow in ways that will help the Cuban island develop and recover and “give the Cuban people the freedom, dignity and opportunity they deserve.”

美国国务院表示，特朗普希望“使古巴具备投资价值”，并允许私营企业以有助于古巴发展和复苏的方式成长，从而“赋予古巴人民他们应得的自由、尊严和机会”。

On Tuesday, the State Department announced new sanctions against more Cuban state-run financial businesses, as well as a member of the Castro family.

周二，美国国务院宣布对更多古巴国营金融企业以及卡斯特罗家族的一名成员实施新的制裁。

“These gradual ‘economic reforms’ are modest, long overdue and ultimately superficial smoke signals from the Cuban regime,” the State Department said.

美国国务院表示：“这些渐进式的‘经济改革’规模有限，姗姗来迟，归根结底只是古巴政权释放的表面烟雾弹。”

Cuban activists such as the free speech advocate Yoani Sánchez and the dissident José Daniel Ferrer largely agreed, stressing that the lengthy list of changes did not include any mention of political freedom or a multiparty system.

言论自由倡导者约阿尼·桑切斯和异见人士何塞·丹尼尔·费雷尔等古巴活动人士在很大程度上同意这一观点，他们强调，这份长长的变革清单中没有提及任何关于政治自由或多党制度的内容。

“Cuba doesn’t need stopgap measures,’’ Mr. Ferrer said, “but a profound economic transformation and a complete political transition.”

 “古巴不需要权宜之计，”费雷尔说。“而是需要深刻的经济转型和彻底的政治过渡。”

The commuters who clutched hand-held fans as they trudged through stiflingly hot London underground stations found little relief on Wednesday. Parisians dangled their legs in public fountains, desperate for a way to cool down. In Vatican City, sweat beaded on the foreheads of people gathered for a papal audience in St. Peter’s Square.

周三，在闷热不堪的伦敦地铁站里，手里抓着便携风扇艰难前行的通勤者们几乎没有感到任何凉意。巴黎人把双腿泡在公共喷泉里，不顾一切地寻找降温的方法。在梵蒂冈城，聚集在圣伯多禄广场参加教宗接见活动的人们额头上渗出了密集的汗珠。

Extreme heat is becoming Europe’s new summer normal, even in parts of the region, like Britain, where it was once a rarity. Countries ill-equipped to deal with the soaring temperatures are struggling to cope, with aging infrastructure and a scarcity of air-conditioning. Across the continent, the heat is upending daily life.

极端高温正成为欧洲夏季的新常态，甚至在英国等曾经罕见高温的地区也是如此。由于基础设施老化和空调匮乏，那些对气温飙升准备不足的国家难以应对。在整个欧洲大陆，高温正在彻底颠覆人们的日常生活。

Record temperatures were documented in a number of places this week. As the mercury climbed steadily higher on Wednesday, train cancellations caused travel chaos for some, shuttered schools early and caused some hospitals in England to cancel elective procedures.

本周多地气温打破纪录。随着周三水银柱持续攀升，列车取消给一些人的出行带来了混乱，学校提前放学，英格兰的一些医院也取消了非紧急手术。

Paris, 40° C or 104° F forecast high

巴黎，预报最高气温40摄氏度（104华氏度）

Michel Euler/Associated Press

Construction workers in Paris braved the heat as temperatures were expected to surpass 100 degrees Fahrenheit in the city on Wednesday.

In South Korea and Taiwan, the world’s hunger for artificial intelligence has unleashed a boom unlike anything seen in years. The two economies are home to the small cluster of companies that produce the coveted chips A.I. cannot run without.

韩国与台湾正因全球对人工智能的渴求迎来多年未见的繁荣。这两个经济体聚集了全球少数几家人工智能芯片生产商，这些芯片是支撑人工智能运转的关键所在。

As exports climb to record highs and stock markets soar, the rush to cash in has reached a fever pitch. Seniors are opening brokerage accounts to funnel their savings into semiconductor stocks. On social media, young people question the point of their jobs, saying they could earn as much — or more — trading stocks.

随着出口创下历史新高、股市持续飙升，抢搭这趟财富列车的热潮已经达到白热化。老年人纷纷开设证券账户，把积蓄投入半导体股票。有年轻人在社交媒体上质疑工作的意义，声称炒股赚到的钱与工资不相上下，甚至更多。

Yet the windfall is masking a far bleaker picture across much of the rest of the economy. Industries outside chip making are struggling to navigate a turbulent landscape upended by energy and tariff shocks. Household debt and real estate prices continue to rise. Both currencies remain weak despite repeated government interventions to prop them up.

然而，这场财富盛宴掩盖了经济其他领域更为黯淡的现实。芯片制造以外的行业正在艰难应对因能源价格上涨和关税冲击剧烈动荡的市场环境。家庭债务和房地产价格持续攀升。尽管政府多次出手干预，韩元和新台币依然疲软。

For both places, the skyrocketing growth springs from a narrow, highly specialized sector that employs only a sliver of the population. Everybody else is left scrambling to find a way in.

对它们而言，这种惊人的增长来自一个规模狭小、高度专业化的产业，而这个产业只雇用了极少数人口。其他所有人都在拼命寻找寻找入场机会。

As investors pour money into chip stocks, chasing a share of the A.I. bonanza, they are amplifying the market’s wild swings. Korean stocks plunged 10 percent on Tuesday, setting off a global tech sell-off, before rising over 3 percent a day later.

随着投资者将资金投入芯片股，试图分得人工智能红利的一杯羹，市场的剧烈波动也被进一步放大。韩国股市周二暴跌10%，引发全球科技股抛售潮，但一天后又反弹逾3%。

Economists describe the phenomenon as a “K-shaped” divide, in which some industries and socioeconomic groups thrive while others stall or fall behind. Around the world, including in the United States, that divide has widened since the Covid-19 pandemic. Now, the A.I. boom threatens to make it even more expansive.

经济学家把这种现象称为“K型分化”，即部分行业和社会群体蓬勃发展，另一些行业和群体则停滞不前甚至掉队。自新冠疫情以来，这种分化在全球范围内不断扩大，美国也不例外。如今，人工智能热潮可能会让这种差距进一步拉大。

The enormous A.I. demand, Taiwan’s central bank cautioned in a statement this month, risks creating an economy in which “different groups or industries experience drastically different economic outcomes.”

台湾央行本月也发文警告称，人工智能热潮可能造成一种“不同族群、产业或所得阶级所经历的截然不同的经济结果”。

“The wealthy thrive,” the bank said. “The low-income group struggles.”

“富裕阶级蓬勃发展，”文中写道，“低所得阶级则在困境中挣扎。”

台湾曾是木工机械等机床产品的主要出口地，但该行业如今因能源和关税冲击变得面目全非。 An Rong Xu for The New York Times

April Lo remembers when the most coveted real estate in Taiwan was farmland.

罗君仪还记得，现在台湾最抢手的地产当年是一片农田。

When she moved to the area 16 years ago, there were no department stores, office parks or fine-dining restaurants.

16年前她搬到这个地区时，这里没有百货商店，没有办公园区，也没有高级餐厅。

“It was very desolate,” she said.

“很荒凉，”她说。

Today, nothing could be further from the truth. The rice fields have given way to Hsinchu, home to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company and ground zero for an industry driving the global economy: the production of the advanced computer chips powering the artificial intelligence boom.

如今，情况已截然不同。稻田已经让位给了新竹，这里是台积电的所在地，也是驱动全球经济发展的产业的中心：生产推动人工智能热潮的先进计算机芯片。

As Taiwan’s semiconductor industry took off, TSMC made chips that drive virtually every kind of electronic device. That includes the sought-after A.I. accelerators designed by Nvidia, the world’s most valuable company. Farmers were gradually priced out of the area by factories, offices and luxury high-rises. The high-speed rail linking Taiwan’s largest cities now carries 80 million people a year through Ms. Lo’s backyard.

随着台湾半导体产业的腾飞，台积电制造的芯片几乎驱动着所有类型的电子设备。其中包括由全球市值最高公司英伟达设计的、备受追捧的人工智能加速器。由于工厂、办公楼和豪华高层建筑的兴起，农民逐渐因物价高涨而被挤出这一地区。连接台湾各大城市的高速铁路穿行于罗君仪家的后院，每年运送8000万人次。

新竹市的一个富裕地区。该地区是台积电的所在地，该公司生产的先进计算机芯片正推动着人工智能热潮的发展。建筑工地上的一所学校。与台湾大部分地区不同，新竹正面临着人口快速增长导致的学校拥挤问题。随着台积电和新竹科学园区附近的居住需求日益增长，竹北的房价已大幅上涨。

In northern Hsinchu, an area known as Zhubei, real estate prices have skyrocketed as buyers compete for spots on yearslong waiting lists for new apartments near Hsinchu Science Park, where TSMC has headquarters. Plastic surgery clinics, upscale restaurants and boutique fitness studios have sprung up to serve tech workers flush with A.I. riches.

在新竹北部一个名为竹北的地区，随着买家争相加入等候时间长达数年的轮候名单，抢购台积电总部所在地新竹科学园区附近的新公寓，房地产价格已经暴涨。整形诊所、高档餐厅和精品健身房如雨后春笋般涌现，为那些因人工智能获取财富的科技工作者服务。

Over the past six years, households near Hsinchu Science Park have reported some of the highest incomes in Taiwan. In one neighborhood, average household incomes exceeded $146,000 in 2023 — about five times Taiwan’s average.

过去六年来，新竹科学园区周边家庭的收入一直位列台湾前列。在其中一个里，2023年的家庭综合所得总额平均达460万台币（约合98万人民币）以上——大约是台湾平均水平的五倍。

The prosperity has given rise to the so-called Zhuke Mama: a woman whose husband works in the lucrative semiconductor industry, allowing her time for pursuits like going to Pilates classes, shopping for vacation homes in Thailand and managing their children’s academic advancement.

这种繁荣催生了所谓的“竹科妈妈”：她们的丈夫在利润丰厚的半导体行业工作，这让她们有时间去上普拉提课、在泰国购买度假屋，管理孩子们的学业发展。

While the rest of Taiwan and much of East Asia are grappling with a sharp population decline, so many children have been born in Hsinchu in recent years that the schools cannot keep up. Public high schools in the area now admit only students with sufficiently high test scores, a practice that Ms. Lo and a group of mothers have protested. Those who do not make the cut must commute to another school district.

当台湾其他地区和东亚大部分地区都在努力应对人口急剧下降的问题时，新竹近年来的出生人口却多到学校都无法满足需求。该地区的公立高中现在只招收考试成绩足够高的学生，罗君仪和一群母亲对这一做法表示抗议。那些未能达到分数线的学生必须通勤到其他学区上学。

“The population exploded,” Ms. Lo said. “It became very competitive.”

“人口爆炸式增长，”罗君仪说。“竞争变得非常激烈。”

Today, Hsinchu is home to more than one million people, and those without ties to the technology industry have largely been priced out. The wealth generated by semiconductors has not translated to wage gains in other industries. While chips are driving record exports, the headline numbers mask a widening divide between those connected to the industry and everyone else.

如今，新竹有超过100万人口，那些与科技行业无关的人在很大程度上已经因为高昂的物价被迫迁离。半导体产生的财富并未转化为其他行业的工资增长。虽然芯片正在推动创纪录的出口，但这些亮眼的数字掩盖了产业相关人士与其他人群之间日益扩大的鸿沟。

The local shopping mall, Big City, now ranks among Taiwan’s top-performing retail centers. During its big sale last December, it generated more than $100 million in just 12 days, a 6 percent increase from the year before, according to Alex Ro, a general manager.

当地的大型购物中心巨城现在跻身台湾业绩最好的零售中心之列。据总经理罗仕清称，在去年12月的大促销期间，商城在短短12天内就创造了超过台币32亿元（约6.8亿人民币）的销售额，比前一年增长了6%。

The mall is a temple catering to Hsinchu’s nouveau riche, with a Tesla showroom on the first floor, feet away from an Apple Store. At Brooks Brothers, some suits cost nearly $1,500 — more than the monthly salary of most retail workers.

这家商场堪称迎合新竹新贵的圣殿，一楼设有特斯拉展厅，几步之外就是一家苹果商店。在布克兄弟专卖店，一些西装售价将近1500美元——超过了大多数零售员工的月薪。

巨城购物中心堪称专为新竹新贵打造的圣殿，一楼设有一家特斯拉展厅。在该购物中心的高端店铺中，有布克兄弟专卖店，那里有些西装的价格接近1500美元——比大多数零售业员工的月薪还要高。居住在新竹科学园区周边的人们家庭收入位居台湾前列。

Several times a year, chip company engineers receive bonuses worth several months’ pay. That’s when they show up at Lin Ping-yang’s real estate office.

芯片公司的工程师每年都会获得几次相当于数个月工资的分红。这时，他们就会出现在林品扬的不动产办公室里。

“My clients often tell me they don’t know what to do with their bonuses,” Mr. Lin said. “So they either buy a new car or use the money as a down payment on a house.”

“客户时常在讲说，有时分红分下来也不知道干嘛，”林品扬说。“拿去要么直接买全新的车子，要么直接当房子的头期款。”

Over the past 10 years, home prices in Zhubei have doubled, he said.

他说，在过去10年里，竹北的房价翻了一番。

The success of Hu Han-yen’s family mirrors the transformation of Hsinchu.

胡汉䶮家族的成功反映了新竹的转型。

Forty years ago, his father’s construction crane company, Chi Deh Crane Engineering, helped build some of the earliest factories in Hsinchu Science Park, including TSMC’s first manufacturing plant.

40年前，他父亲的建筑起重机公司——启德机械起重工程公司——协助建造了新竹科学园区最早的一批工厂，其中包括台积电的第一家制造厂。

At the time, Taiwan’s semiconductor industry was little more than a government-funded experiment. Companies that needed chips had to bear the enormous cost of manufacturing them, requiring constant investment in new technology. But TSMC transformed the industry by offering a different model: Customers would design the chips, and TSMC would manufacture them.

当时，台湾的半导体产业只不过是一项由政府资助的实验。需要芯片的公司必须承担制造芯片的巨额成本，这需要对新技术进行不断投资。但是，台积电通过提供一种不同的模式改变了该行业：客户设计芯片，而台积电负责制造。

胡汉龑在办公室里。他的公司曾参与建设台湾一些最重要的芯片工厂。启德机械起重工程公司的总部，这家公司是由胡汉䶮的父亲创办的。启德目前负责运输荷兰公司阿斯麦的精密设备，这些设备对台湾的芯片产业至关重要。

Mr. Hu bet that the fledgling industry would need far more than just a few factories. He invested his family’s savings to import massive cranes capable of building factories, airports and skyscrapers.

胡汉䶮预见到这个羽翼未丰的行业需要的将远不止几家工厂。他投入了家族的积蓄，进口了能够建造工厂、机场和摩天大楼的大型起重机。

Now, Chi Deh is trusted to transport the complex, highly calibrated machines made by the Dutch company ASML that help give Taiwan its edge in chip manufacturing.

如今，启德公司备受信任，负责运输由荷兰公司阿斯麦制造的高度精密复杂机器，这些机器帮助台湾在芯片制造领域保持优势。

Mr. Hu became known for his flamboyant style, wearing brightly patterned floral prints and posting photos of himself alongside his cranes on social media. To celebrate his success, he built his family business an elaborate office on the outskirts of Hsinchu. The building borrows from the colonnaded grandeur of Versailles, its stark white facade lending it an air of presidential authority. Inside, cabinets are filled with contemporary art and jeroboams of prized kaoliang, a Taiwanese sorghum liquor.

胡汉䶮以其张扬的风格而闻名，他穿着图案鲜艳的印花服装，并在社交媒体上发布自己与起重机的合影。为了庆祝自己的成功，他在新竹郊区为家族企业建造了一座精心设计的办公楼。这座建筑借鉴了凡尔赛宫柱廊的宏伟气势，纯白色的外墙赋予它一种总统般的权威感。在室内，陈列柜里摆满了当代艺术品和大瓶装的台湾特产名贵高粱酒。

“This place used to be a desolate wasteland,” Mr. Hu said. “It’s completely different now, a complete transformation.”

“这边以前荒凉一片，”胡汉䶮说。“现在完全不一样，360度大改观了。”

Alibaba, one of China’s most valuable technology companies, sued the U.S. Department of Defense, challenging the Pentagon’s decision to designate it as a company affiliated with the Chinese military.

中国最具价值的科技公司之一阿里巴巴起诉了美国国防部，对五角大楼将其认定为中国军方关联企业的决定提出挑战。

Best known internationally for its e-commerce business, Alibaba has also become a major cloud-computing provider and one of China’s leading developers of advanced artificial intelligence systems. In a lawsuit filed on Tuesday in Federal District Court in the Northern District of California, the company said it had no ties to the Chinese military and argued that the Pentagon had acted unlawfully in labeling it as such.

阿里巴巴在国际上因其电子商务业务而闻名，但它也已成为一家主要的云计算提供商，以及中国领先的高级人工智能系统开发商之一。在周二向加利福尼亚州北区联邦地区法院提起的一项诉讼中，该公司表示自己与中国军方没有任何联系，并辩称五角大楼将其定性为军方关联公司属违法行为。

Earlier this month, the United States added Alibaba to a list of companies that Washington says support China’s military. Also added were several of China’s most strategically important firms, including manufacturers of electric vehicles, memory chips, robots and pharmaceuticals. The E.V. maker BYD and the robotics firm Unitree were also included in the list.

本月早些时候，美国将阿里巴巴列入了一份华盛顿方面声称支持中国军方的公司名单。一同被列入名单的还有几家中国最具战略重要性的公司，包括电动汽车、闪存芯片、机器人和制药行业的制造商。电动汽车制造商比亚迪和机器人公司宇树科技也被列入了该名单。

The designation effectively bars Alibaba from doing business with the Pentagon. It also restricts the Pentagon from doing business with firms that engage lobbyists on behalf of companies on the list.

这一认定实际上禁止了阿里巴巴与五角大楼开展业务。它还限制了五角大楼与那些代表名单上公司进行游说的公司开展业务。

The move risks further inflaming tensions between Washington and Beijing, only weeks after President Trump met with Xi Jinping, China’s leader, in an effort to stabilize economic and political relations. Over the past 18 months, the world’s two largest economies have clashed over tariffs, trade and control over critical technology supply chains.

此举可能会进一步加剧华盛顿与北京之间的紧张关系，而就在几周前，特朗普总统刚刚与中国领导人习近平会面，以努力稳定经济和政治关系。在过去的18个月里，这两个全球最大的经济体在关税、贸易以及关键技术供应链的控制权上发生了冲突。

China’s Ministry of Commerce said earlier this month that the Pentagon’s decision had jeopardized the fragile truce reached by the two leaders. The U.S. side had “disregarded the consensus” reached between the two leaders, abused its power and threatened the stability of global supply chains, the ministry said in a statement.

中国商务部本月早些时候表示，五角大楼的决定已经危害到了两位领导人达成的脆弱休战。该部在一份声明中表示，美方“无视”两位领导人之间达成的“共识”，滥用职权并威胁到了全球供应链的稳定。

Alibaba, which also named Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth as a defendant in the lawsuit, said the designation had already inflicted significant reputational harm and cost it business partners, including lobbying firms.

阿里巴巴在诉讼中也将国防部长皮特·海格塞斯列为被告，并表示这一认定已经造成了重大的名誉损害，并使其失去了包括游说公司在内的商务合作伙伴。

The company also argued that the Pentagon had violated its First Amendment rights.

该公司还辩称五角大楼侵犯了其宪法第一修正案赋予的权利。

“The designation thus does not merely impose commercial costs — it strips Alibaba of its ability to speak, to petition the government through its chosen representatives,” the lawsuit said.

诉讼称：“因此，该认定不仅带来了商业代价——它还剥夺了阿里巴巴发声、以及通过其选择的代表向政府请愿的能力。”

The Defense Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

国防部没有立即回应置评请求。

Alibaba said it is not licensed to supply products to China’s military and it does not participate in Chinese or U.S. military procurement programs.

阿里巴巴表示，它没有获得向中国军方供应产品的许可，也没有参与中国或美国的军事采购计划。

The company further argued that the Pentagon had misconstrued its relationship with China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, one of the country’s primary internet regulators. Alibaba said its dealings with the ministry are no different from those of any other technology firm operating in China.

该公司进一步辩称，五角大楼误解了其与中国工业和信息化部的关系，该部是中国主要的互联网监管机构之一。阿里巴巴表示，其与该部的往来与在中国运营的任何其他科技公司并无二致。

“The relationship is no different from Alibaba’s dealings with United States government agencies. A regulator is not an affiliate,” the company said.

该公司表示：“这种关系与阿里巴巴与美国政府机构的往来没有什么不同。监管机构并非关联机构。”

China has detained two Japanese citizens on suspicion of smuggling banned products, the Japanese government said on Wednesday, adding to rising tensions between the two countries.

日本政府周三表示，中国以涉嫌走私禁运产品为由拘留了两名日本公民。此举加剧了两国之间的紧张关系。

The Japanese nationals were detained in May in the northeastern Chinese city of Dalian, according to a statement by Japan’s government. Chinese officials have indicated that they are being held on “on suspicion of violating the law and smuggling goods that are prohibited from being imported or exported,” Minoru Kihara, a top Japanese cabinet official, said at a news conference in Tokyo on Wednesday.

根据日本政府的声明，这两名日本国民于5月在中国东北城市大连被拘留。日本内阁高级官员木原稔周三在东京的新闻发布会上表示，中国官员称他们因涉嫌触犯“走私国家禁止进出口的货物、物品罪”被拘留。

He added that Japan is working to “respond appropriately from the perspective of protecting Japanese nationals.”

他补充说，日本正努力“从保护日本人的角度妥善应对”。

Japanese news outlets reported that the detention appeared to be related to the export of rare earths — minerals that are used to make a range of essential technologies — by a Japanese firm operating in the mainland. But Japanese officials declined to provide further details, saying the matter was under investigation.

日本新闻媒体报道称，此次拘留似乎与一家在大陆运营的日本公司出口稀土有关——稀土是用于各种关键技术制造的矿物。但日本官员拒绝提供更多细节，称此事正在调查中。

The Chinese foreign ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

中国外交部未立即回应置评请求。

China has severely restricted the export of rare earths to Japan in recent months, part of its campaign to punish Tokyo over a comment in November by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, a China hawk. She told the Japanese Parliament that a hypothetical Chinese attack on Taiwan could incite a military response from Tokyo.

最近几个月，中国严厉限制了对日本的稀土出口，这是其惩罚东京行动的一部分，起因是对华采取强硬态度的日本首相高市早苗去年11月发表的言论。她告诉日本国会，假设中国对台湾发动攻击，东京可能作出军事回应。

China, which considers Taiwan, a self-governed democracy, part of its territory, responded by unleashing a wave of political and economic reprisals against Japan.

中国将台湾这个自治民主政体视为其领土的一部分，因此对日本发动了一系列政治和经济报复。

China dominates the global supply of rare earths. It cut exports of them to Japan by more than 80 percent in March and April compared with last year, according to Nikkei, a Japanese media company. That has forced Japanese companies to scramble for alternatives.

中国主导着全球稀土供应。据日本媒体《日经新闻》报道，今年3月和4月，中国对日本的稀土出口同比减少了80%以上。这迫使日本企业紧急寻找替代方案。

Ms. Takaichi raised the issue of China’s stranglehold on rare earths during the recent Group of 7 summit meeting in France. She pitched a plan to create a joint stockpile of critical minerals among the seven nations.

高市早苗在最近于法国举行的七国集团峰会上提出了中国对稀土的垄断问题。她提议在七国之间建立关键矿产的联合储备。

As part of its efforts to punish Japan, Beijing has restricted the import of Japanese seafood and discouraged Chinese citizens from visiting Japan. China has also ramped up its presence in the seas surrounding Japan. Beijing recently led coast guard patrols in the waters between Japan and Taiwan.

作为惩罚日本行动的一部分，北京限制了日本海鲜的进口，并劝阻中国公民前往日本。中国还加强了在日本周边海域的存在。北京最近主导了日本和台湾之间水域的海警巡逻。

Japan said on Wednesday that a Chinese mobile drilling vessel has recently anchored in the East China Sea. Japanese officials have expressed concern about China’s development of gas fields in those waters, saying Beijing has done so without input from Japan.

日本周三表示，一艘中国移动钻探船最近停泊在东海。日本官员对中国在这些水域开发天然气田表示担忧，称北京的行动没有征求日本的意见。

At the news conference on Wednesday, Mr. Kihara denounced the move.

在周三的新闻发布会上，木原稔谴责了这一举动。

“It is extremely regrettable that, despite repeated protests from Japan, China continues to engage in unilateral development activities in these waters and attempts to create a fait accompli,” he said.

他说：“尽管日本一再抗议，但中国继续在这些水域进行单方面开发活动，并试图制造既成事实，这非常令人遗憾。”

Americans’ interest in a life abroad is surging. A Gallup poll conducted in 2025 found that one in five Americans said they would move permanently to another country if they could — a 54 percent increase since 2020, said Julie Ray, an analyst with Gallup.

美国人对海外生活的兴趣正在激增。盖洛普2025年的一项民意调查发现，五分之一的美国人表示，如果有机会，他们会永久移居他国。盖洛普分析师朱莉·雷称，这比2020年增加了54%。

Lately, said Jennifer Stevens, executive editor at International Living magazine, “We’re seeing this energy and interest in actually doing it, not just kicking the tires, not just dreaming about it, but doing it.”

《国际生活》(International Living)杂志执行主编詹妮弗·史蒂文斯表示，最近“我们看到大家是真的想付诸行动，而不仅仅是观望，不仅仅是梦想，而是真的在做”。

But how? Programs such as the “golden visa,” which allow people to obtain residency or even a path to citizenship in a foreign country by making investments in things like real estate, cultural institutions and environmental projects, have been popular for more than a decade. But the playing field is changing. Mostly conceived after the global financial crisis of 2008 to boost economic development and avert bankruptcy, these programs have also spurred rapid gentrification in host countries (not to mention tax evasion and money laundering), leading some governments to scale them back or cancel them altogether.

但如何操作？诸如“黄金签证”之类的项目——允许人们通过在房地产、文化机构和环境项目等领域进行投资来获得居留权甚至入籍途径——十多年来一直很受欢迎。但游戏规则正在改变。这些项目主要在2008年全球金融危机后为提振经济发展和避免破产而设立，也引发了东道国的快速士绅化（更不用说逃税和洗钱问题），导致一些政府缩减项目规模或直接取消。

Still, numerous options exist, and they come at varying costs for various lifestyles. Ted Baumann, International Living’s chief of global diversification, said between 30 and 35 countries have some form of the golden visa. He said another 12 offer citizenship by investment (C.B.I.), which leads visa holders directly to citizenship with full benefits, including a passport and wider visa access to other countries, without in-place residency requirements.

尽管如此，选择仍然很多，而且成本各异、适合不同的生活方式。《国际生活》的全球多元化主管泰德·鲍曼表示，有30到35个国家设有某种形式的黄金签证。他说，另有12个国家提供“投资入籍”项目，这让签证持有者无需在当地居住即可直接获得公民身份及全部福利，包括护照和更广泛的免签入境待遇。

While some residency-by-investment programs are structured to attract high net-worth investors — Singapore, New Zealand, Austria and Monaco, for example — “there’s usually something that will fit any budget,” said Patricia Casaburi, chief executive and founder of Global Citizen Solutions, a Lisbon-based consultancy specializing in Iberian residency programs.

虽然一些投资居留项目旨在吸引高净值投资者（例如新加坡、新西兰、奥地利和摩纳哥），但总部位于里斯本的咨询公司环球公民解决方案创始人兼首席执行官帕特里夏·卡萨布里表示，“任何预算一般都能找到合适的方案。”

Here’s a look at five countries that offer residency programs with particularly attractive features, including low cost of entry, investment variety and pathways to citizenship.

以下是五个提供极具吸引力的居留项目的国家概览，包括低门槛、多样的投资选择以及入籍路径。

COSTA RICA

哥斯达黎加

哥斯达黎加的临时居留许可有效期为两年，可再续签两年。

Long known for its high quality of life and friendly tax environment, the Central American nation, whose Nicoya Peninsula is a “Blue Zone,” is particularly compelling for retirees thanks to its low cost of entry and flexible options for temporary residency. The path to permanent residency opens other benefits to people aged 65 and older, including national health care (costs will vary).

这个中美洲国家以其高质量的生活和友好的税收环境闻名已久，其尼科亚半岛是一处“蓝区”。由于门槛低和临时居留选项灵活，它对退休人员尤其具有吸引力。获得永久居留权还为65岁及以上人群开启了其他福利，包括国民医疗保健（费用各异）。

Types of visa: The basic C.B.I. program, called the “Inversionista,” grants residency with a one-time, $150,000 investment in either real estate or another “qualifying financial asset,” such as shares of a Costa Rican corporation or the Costa Rican stock market. You can also contribute $100,000 to a government-approved forestry or environmental project.

签证类型：基本的投资入籍项目名为“投资者”(Inversionista)，只需一次性投资15万美元于房地产或其他“合格金融资产”（如哥斯达黎加公司股份或股票市场），即可获得居留权。你也可以向政府批准的林业或环保项目投资10万美元。

The “Pensionado” visa is for retirees who demonstrate a monthly pension/retirement income of at least $1,000. It’s valid for two years, allows dependents and grants access to the public health care system, with a low application fee, between $250 and $500. For “Rentista” status (a “person of independent means”), foreigners must make a $60,000 deposit in an approved bank, and a monthly $2,500 transfer into a Costa Rican account for two years, after which time a $60,000 deposit is required to renew.

“养老金领取者”(Pensionado)签证适用于每月证明拥有至少1000美元养老金/退休收入的退休人员。有效期两年，允许携带家属，并可接入公共医疗系统，申请费较低，在250至500美元之间。“租房者”（Rentista，即“有独立收入人士”）身份要求外国人在有资质的银行存入6万美元，并在两年内每月向哥斯达黎加账户转账2500美元，今后的续期仍需存入6万美元。

Occupancy requirement: Residents by investment are granted a temporary residence permit valid for two years and renewable for another two years. They must visit Costa Rica for at least one day, at least once a year. They can apply for permanent residency after three years and for citizenship after seven years (five years for Central American, Ibero-American and Spanish citizens).

居住要求：投资居留者获发为期两年的临时居留许可，可再续签两年。他们必须每年至少访问哥斯达黎加一天。三年后可申请永久居留，七年后可申请入籍（中美洲、伊比利亚美洲和西班牙公民为五年）。

GREECE

希腊

希腊近期缩减了其黄金签证项目，但它仍然是欧洲成本最低的入门选择之一。

Greece was one of several countries that tightened their visa programs in recent years. Today, its golden visa offers several tiers of investment, including a minimum of 250,000 euros in real estate, giving it one of lowest-cost entry points in the European Union. The golden visa includes visa-free access to the Schengen Area.

希腊是近年来收紧签证项目的几个国家之一。如今，其黄金签证提供多个投资层级，包括最低25万欧元投资房地产，这使其成为欧盟内门槛最低的项目之一。黄金签证包含免签进入申根区。

Types of visa: Minimum capital investments via the golden visa range from 250,000 euros for historic properties needing restoration or conversion, up to 800,000 euros in high-value areas such as major cities and popular islands. You can also obtain the visa with 500,000 in either government bonds, a deposit at a Greek credit institution or real estate investment company, or an investment in an “Elevate Greece” start-up company.

签证类型：通过黄金签证的最低资本投资从25万欧元（需要修复或改造的历史房产）到80万欧元（大城市和热门岛屿等高价值地区）不等。其他获得签证的途径：在政府债券、希腊信贷机构存款、房地产投资公司投资50万欧元；投资“振兴希腊”(Elevate Greece)初创公司。

Two other options include the “Financially Independent Person” visa, for retirees or digital nomads, who must show monthly income of at least 3,500 euros from outside sources, transferred into a Greek bank account.

另外两个选项是针对退休人员或数字游民的“财务独立人士”签证，他们必须证明每月至少有3500欧元的境外收入，并转入希腊银行账户。

Occupancy requirement: There is no requirement to reside in Greece. You can rent out your property during your residency period, or sell it if you choose not to renew the visa.

居住要求：无居住要求。在居留期间你可以出租房产，如果不续签签证也可以选择出售。

PANAMA

巴拿马

获得巴拿马居留权有多种途径，最低门槛是投资10万美元用于柚木林再造。

Panama is consistently lauded for its quality of life, robust service industry, ease of visa process and health care (there’s a Johns Hopkins-affiliated hospital in Panama City), and longstanding program for retirees. “Panama is very stable and they stick by their programs, unlike what we’ve seen in a lot of other places,” said Ms. Stevens, from International Living.

巴拿马因其生活质量、强劲的服务业、便捷的签证流程和医疗保障（巴拿马城有一家约翰斯·霍普金斯附属医院）以及长期的退休者项目备受赞誉。《国际生活》的史蒂文斯说：“巴拿马非常稳定，且坚持执行其项目，不像我们在其他地方看到的那样朝令夕改。”

Types of visas: The “Qualified Investor” visa requires a minimum real estate investment of $300,000; or $500,00 in Panama’s stock exchange; or a fixed-term deposit of $750,000 in the banking sector.

签证类型：“合格投资者”签证要求至少30万美元的房地产投资；或50万美元的巴拿马证券交易所投资；或在银行业存入75万美元的定期存款。

Panama also has a “Friendly Nations” visa — available to residents from more than 50 countries that have cordial economic and political relationships with Panama — that can be obtained with a $200,000 investment in real estate or a fixed-term deposit, or through employment by a Panamanian company.

巴拿马还有一个“友好国家”签证，适用于与巴拿马有着友好经济和政治关系的 50 多个国家的居民。申请人可以通过20万美元的房地产投资或定期存款、受雇于巴拿马公司获得该签证。

There are also two levels of investment in the forest/teak reforestation sector: $100,000 for temporary residence for two years, and $350,000 for immediate permanent residence.

在森林/柚木重新造林领域也有两级投资：10万美元可获得两年临时居留，35万美元可获得直接永久居留。

If you maintain the investment for five years, you can be eligible to apply for citizenship.

如果你保持投资满五年，即有资格申请入籍。

Occupancy requirement: Visa holders must enter Panama at least once every two years to maintain residence status. Residency can be obtained within 30 days with qualified investment.

居住要求：签证持有人必须每两年至少进入巴拿马一次以维持居留身份。符合条件的投资者可在30天内获得居留权。

PORTUGAL

葡萄牙

自2012年发放首份黄金签证以来，葡萄牙已提高了准入门槛。

Portugal is popular with expats for its weather, culinary and cultural assets, and English proficiency. It also has an affordable and reliable mix of health care options in the private and public systems.

葡萄牙因天气、美食、文化底蕴和英语普及率深受外籍人士欢迎。其私人和公共医疗系统也提供了实惠可靠的组合。

The country issued its first golden visa in 2012 with a 250,000-euro real estate investment, but in 2023 it announced it would modify the program amid complaints that foreign investors were inflaming the country’s housing crisis. It has since increased the cost of entry and directed investments away from real estate and toward investment funds and donations to cultural or research projects.

该国于2012年发放了第一份黄金签证，要求25万欧元房地产投资。但在2023年，面对外国投资者加剧住房危机的指责，该国宣布将修改该项目。此后提高了门槛，并将投资从房地产转向投资基金以及对文化或研究项目的捐赠。

Types of visas: The golden visa grants five-year residency with 500,000-euro investments in venture capital or investment funds, job creation, or donations for research projects. A 250,000-euro investment in the arts or heritage projects can also grant residency.

签证类型：黄金签证通过50万欧元的风险资本或投资基金投资、创造就业或向研究项目捐款，授予五年居留权。25万欧元对艺术或遗产项目的投资也可获得居留权。

The two-year residence permit is renewable for a period of three years, at which point the permit holder can either extend the temporary permit again, apply for permanent residence or apply for citizenship. People from Portuguese-speaking countries and European Union nationals can apply for citizenship after seven years, but all other nationalities must wait 10 years.

两年期居留许可可再续签三年，届时许可持有者可以选择再次延长临时许可、申请永久居留或申请入籍。葡萄牙语国家和欧盟国民七年后可申请入籍，但其他国家必须等待十年。

Occupancy requirement: Visa holders must stay seven days (consecutive or nonconsecutive) in the first year, and 14 days (consecutive or nonconsecutive) in each subsequent two-year period.

居住要求：签证持有人第一年必须在葡萄牙停留七天（连续或非连续），随后每两年停留十四天（连续或非连续）。

SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE

圣多美和普林西比

这个位于中非海岸外的岛国去年推出了其投资入籍项目。

Launched in August 2025, the C.B.I. program offered by this African island nation is attracting attention for its accessibility and speed, low cost of entry to an unspoiled ecosystem, and affordable options for families. The passport offers visa-free access to more than 60 countries, particularly in the global south.

这个非洲岛国于2025年8月推出了投资入籍项目，此项目因门槛低、速度快、生态系统原始未受破坏且家庭选项实惠备受关注。该国护照可免签进入60多个国家，特别是全球南方国家。

Mo Bennis, senior vice president at Arton Capital, which assists clients with second residency and citizenship in 20 regional programs, said the microstate is becoming attractive for Americans thanks to its lower-cost and straightforward path to citizenship. “For investors looking at where the world is heading over the next 20 years, it is a peaceful, strategically located island nation that offers mobility diversification beyond the usual Caribbean options,” he said.

协助客户办理20个区域项目第二居留和入籍的阿尔顿资本高级副总裁莫·本尼斯表示，由于其低成本且直接的入籍路径，这个微型国家正对美国人变得有吸引力。“对于那些展望世界未来20年走向的投资者来说，这是一个和平、地理位置优越的岛国，提供了超越传统加勒比选项的身份流动性多元化，”他说。

Types of visas: A minimum donation of $90,000 (or $95,000 for a family of two to four members) to the National Transformation Fund, plus a $5,000 submission fee. The visa comes with access for spouses, dependent children, parents over 55 and grandparents.

签证类型：向国家转型基金最低捐赠9万美元（两到四口之家为9.5万美元），外加5000美元申请费。该签证涵盖配偶、受抚养子女、55岁以上父母及祖父母。

Occupancy requirement: There is no occupancy requirement. Applications typically take two to three months, with a fully remote application process.

居住要求：无居住要求。申请通常需要两到三个月，全程可远程办理。

AND KEEP AN EYE ON …

值得关注的动向

Ms. Stevens said she’s seeing a shift in C.B.I. programs away from Europe and toward Latin America. “I would not say that Europe is making itself unattractive to foreign retirees, but I think this is the trend we’re beginning to see,” she said. She pointed to Paraguay and Argentina, which are recovering from financial and social upheaval, and reforming their citizenship programs.

史蒂文斯表示，她看到投资入籍项目的重心正从欧洲转向拉丁美洲。“我不会说欧洲让外国退休人员望而却步，但这确实是我们开始看到的趋势，”她说。她提到了正在从金融和社会动荡中复苏并改革其公民计划的巴拉圭和阿根廷。

In the South Pacific, Vanuatu, an archipelago off Australia, offers a fast-track citizenship program with 45 to 60 days for approval and an investment of $130,000 to $180,000 (depending on family size) into a local development fund.

在南太平洋，澳大利亚附近的瓦努阿图群岛提供了一个快速入籍项目，审批时间为45至60天，需向当地发展基金投资13万至18万美元（取决于家庭规模）。

Nauru, a tiny island nation in Micronesia, relaunched its C.B.I. program last year after a 23-year hiatus, rebranded as the Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Program. It requires an investment of $115,000 — but until June 30, it’s on offer for $90,000.

密克罗尼西亚的微型岛国瑙鲁去年重启中断了23年的投资入籍项目，将其重新命名为“经济与气候韧性公民计划”。它要求投资11.5万美元——但在6月30日之前有9万美元的优惠价。

President Trump was eager on Tuesday morning to announce the latest concession that he says his negotiators extracted from Iran, writing on social media that the country had agreed to allow the “highest level Nuclear Inspections long into the future (Infinity!!!).”

周二上午，特朗普总统迫不及待地宣布了他所称的谈判代表从伊朗那里争取到的最新让步，他在在社交媒体上写道，伊朗已经同意“在未来很长时间内（无限期！！！）接受最高级别的核检查”。

But he omitted the fact that as a signatory to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, Iran is required to allow in international inspectors. And his statement came after the Iranians had insisted that there were no plans to allow inspectors into the three major nuclear sites the United States bombed a year ago — and where just about all the nation’s enriched uranium is stored.

但他没有提到这样一个事实：作为《不扩散核武器条约》的签署国，伊朗本来就有义务接受国际核查人员的检查。而且就在他发表上述言论之前，伊朗方面还坚称，没有计划允许核查人员进入一年前遭美国轰炸的三处主要核设施——伊朗几乎全部浓缩铀都储放在这些地点。

The previous day, Vice President JD Vance, leaving the negotiating site at a Swiss resort, said Iran had agreed that if Iranian assets were unfrozen, the United States and Qatari officials would oversee the process and the money would be used to buy American farm products. The Iranians denied that, too, saying that the 14-point memorandum of understanding they had signed with the Americans did not require them to do so.

前一天，副总统万斯离开位于瑞士一处度假村的谈判地点时表示，伊朗已同意，若伊朗资产获得解冻，美国和卡塔尔官员将监督解冻过程，且相关资金将用于购买美国农产品。伊朗方面同样予以否认，称双方签署的14点谅解备忘录并未作出此类要求。

Negotiating with Iran has always been an extraordinary challenge. But until recently, one rule of diplomatic bargaining has usually held: “Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed.” That is how the United States and Iran traditionally have left themselves some trading space, and fine-tuned wording to satisfy the many critics at home who will have to be sold on any agreement. In 2015, when details of the inner-sanctum negotiations leaked, American officials complained bitterly, saying that the news reports were making it harder to get to a final deal.

与伊朗谈判向来极具挑战性。但直到最近，外交谈判有一条规则通常还是成立的：“在所有问题达成共识之前，没有任何问题是已经谈定的。”美国和伊朗过去正是以此为自己保留讨价还价的空间，并通过微调措辞来说服各自国内那些必须被说服的众多批评者。2015年，当闭门谈判的细节外泄后，美国官员曾大为光火，称媒体报道令最终协议更难达成。

But in this negotiation the leaks are replaced by official, if fragmentary, announcements — usually from the American side. Mr. Trump’s style is often to describe his preferred outcomes as fully negotiated side deals, in hopes of locking the Iranians into each element of any eventual agreement.

但在本次谈判中，泄露信息的变成了官方的声明——尽管是零碎不完整的——且通常来自美国方面。特朗普的惯常风格是将自己期望的结果描述为已经谈妥的附属协议，希望以此迫使伊朗在未来的最终协议中接受这些内容。

The Iranians seem to have caught on. And they have a spin strategy of their own: deny the American statements immediately and publicly to avoid getting cornered, even if there is an element of truth to Mr. Trump’s pronouncements. It is the kind of public dynamic that can easily undermine a high-stakes negotiation.

伊朗人似乎已经看穿了这一点。他们也有自己的舆论策略：无论特朗普的说法是否包含部分事实，都立即公开否认，以免自己陷入被动。这种公开博弈很容易破坏一场高风险的谈判。

Suzanne Maloney, an expert on Iran and the vice president for foreign policy at the Brookings Institution, one of Washington’s leading think tanks, said that both “Washington and Tehran are engaged in a public battle to shape the narrative and advance their preferred outcome on specific elements of the negotiations.”

华盛顿顶尖智库之一布鲁金斯学会的外交政策副总裁、伊朗问题专家苏珊·马洛尼表示，“华盛顿和德黑兰都在进行一场公开角力，以塑造叙事并在谈判的具体事项上争取各自想要的结果。”

The public divergence, she added, “highlights how little has actually been agreed upon yet and what an enormous gap has to be addressed in a short period of time.”

她补充说，这种公开分歧“突显出目前实际达成一致的内容何其有限，以及短时间内需要弥合的鸿沟有多大”。

In fact, there were elements of truth in both what Mr. Trump and Mr. Vance were arguing, and in the Iranian rebuttal. And dissecting the differences helps explain why this negotiation is likely to be painful — and long.

事实上，特朗普和万斯的说法各有一定依据，伊朗的反驳亦是如此。仔细分析这些差异有助于解释为何这场谈判很可能既痛苦又漫长。

Despite Iranian denials, inspections were a topic of discussion at the negotiations in Switzerland over the weekend, two officials familiar with the talks said. The idea under consideration would grant the International Atomic Energy Agency, the U.N.’s nuclear inspection arm, broad powers to inspect just about any suspect site on short notice. It revives ideas that were being discussed in February, in Geneva, when the Iranians and the Americans were meeting Jared Kushner, the president’s son-in-law, and Steve Witkoff, his special envoy, before the negotiations broke off when Mr. Trump ordered the attack on Iran.

两名熟悉谈判情况的官员表示，尽管伊朗方面否认，但检查问题确实是上周末瑞士谈判中的讨论议题之一。正在考虑的一项方案是授予联合国国际原子能机构广泛权力，使其能在短时间内对几乎任何可疑地点进行检查。这实际上恢复了今年2月日内瓦谈判时曾讨论过的一些设想——当时伊美双方的谈判代表正在与总统的女婿库什纳及特使维特科夫会面，但随后谈判因特朗普下令对伊朗发动袭击而中断。

At the Swiss resort this past weekend, the secretary general of the I.A.E.A., Rafael Mariano Grossi, was in the hallways and negotiating rooms talking to each side, describing what kind of access his inspection teams would need to assure no nuclear fuel was being diverted to weapons projects, according to diplomats who were familiar with the discussions. The Iranians appeared to agree to the concept, but did not want to agree to dates or details until other parts of the accord — including when they would have access to billions of dollars in frozen funds — were worked out.

据熟悉讨论情况的外交人士透露，上周末在瑞士的度假村，国际原子能机构总干事格罗西穿梭于走廊和谈判室与双方分别沟通，阐述其核查团队需要何种程度的接触权限才能确认没有核燃料被转移用于武器项目。伊朗方面似乎接受了这一原则，但在协议其他部分——包括何时能够获得数十亿美元被冻结资金——尚未确定之前，不愿就时间表和具体细节作出承诺。

So when Mr. Vance declared on Monday that Tehran had agreed to allow I.A.E.A. inspectors into the sites, calling it “the first step” toward ensuring that Iran did not obtain a nuclear weapon, Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesman, Esmail Baghaei, immediately pushed back, saying that there were no plans to allow inspectors access to facilities at Isfahan, Natanz and Fordo, all of which the United States bombed a year ago. And, in fact, there is no imminent plan.

因此，当万斯周一宣称德黑兰已同意允许国际原子能机构进入这些核设施检查，并称这是确保伊朗无法获得核武器的“第一步”时，伊朗外交部发言人巴加埃立即予以反驳，表示没有计划允许核查人员进入伊斯法罕、纳坦兹和福尔多等设施——这些都是一年前遭美国轰炸的地点。事实上，目前确实不存在任何即将实施的检查计划。

That prompted Mr. Trump to say on Tuesday that if there were no inspections, there was no accord. Secretary of State Marco Rubio was a little more careful.

这促使特朗普周二表示，没有核查就没有协议。国务卿鲁比奥的措辞则显得更为谨慎。

“I don’t know why they have to say the things they say,” Mr. Rubio told reporters in Abu Dhabi, where he was beginning a tour of the Gulf states, trying to drum up support for the deal with Iran. He noted the complexity of Iran’s internal politics and said: “I guess they’ll navigate it. But we know what they agreed to do, and now they’ll either do it or they won't.” Mr. Trump, he said, “will have some decisions to make.”

“我不明白他们为什么非得说那些话，”鲁比奥在阿布扎比对记者表示，他正在那里开启对海湾国家的访问，试图为与伊朗的协议争取支持。他提到伊朗内部政治的复杂性，并表示：“我想他们会想出应对办法的。但我们知道他们同意了什么，现在就看他们究竟做还是不做。”他说，特朗普“将不得不做出一些决定”。

Richard Nephew, who was the lead sanctions expert on the U.S. negotiating team that reached the 2015 nuclear accord, said of the current talks, “They’re trying to do this all very quickly and it still feels a bit slapdash.” That haste, he said, comes from the urgency to reopen shipping traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, as well as the risk of Mr. Trump growing impatient with his envoys if they do not deliver tangible progress fast enough.

曾担任2015年核协议美方谈判团队首席制裁专家的理查德·内菲休在谈到当前谈判时说：“（他们）试图以极快速度推进，但整体感觉仍有些仓促草率。”他表示，这种仓促背后既有尽快重开霍尔木兹海峡航运的紧迫压力，也有另一层原因：特使们如果不能足够快地取得实质性进展，特朗普可能会对他们失去耐心。

The open contradictions are a sign that the two sides “fundamentally disagree with each other and they’re trying to paper over it,” said Mr. Nephew, now a senior research scholar at Columbia University and a former official in the Obama and Biden administrations.

现任哥伦比亚大学高级研究学者、曾在奥巴马和拜登政府任职的内菲休表示，这种公开矛盾表明双方“在根本问题上仍存在分歧，他们正试图掩饰这一点”。

Posturing is all part of the process, of course. But the question here is whether a succession of such public disputes will ultimately sink the whole venture — which would be fine with many in the United States and Tehran who have criticized the deal.

当然，摆姿态本来就是谈判过程的一部分。但问题在于，此类公开争执接连不断最终是否会葬送整个谈判进程——这对美伊两国众多批评这份协议的人来说或许正合心意。

Iranian diplomats face a treacherous domestic terrain, with hard-line factions who oppose any engagement with the United States, and a supreme leader, Ayatollah Mojtaba Khamenei, who has stated that he did not agree with signing the initial deal with the United States. For that reason, they have an incentive to downplay or deny any concessions claimed by the American side.

伊朗外交官面临艰难的国内局势，强硬派反对与美国进行任何接触，哈梅内伊也曾表示，他并不赞成与美国签署最初的那份协议。因此，他们有动机淡化或否认美国方面所宣称的任何让步。

But Mr. Vance has also made claims that are difficult to verify or that go beyond the text of the signed agreement.

但万斯也提出了一些难以核实或超出已签署协议文本内容的说法。

For instance, the vice president said on Monday that if Iranian assets were to be unfrozen, American and Qatari officials would have approval over the process, and the money would be used to buy American farm products.

例如，副总统周一表示，如果伊朗资产获得解冻，美国和卡塔尔官员将对整个流程拥有审批权，而这些资金将用于购买美国农产品。

But Iranian officials have repeatedly batted down the idea that Iran is required to spend any of its unfrozen funds on American agricultural goods, or that there would be non-Iranian control over how the money is spent. Iran’s central bank governor, Abdolnaser Hemmati, said in an interview published on Monday in Tasnim, an outlet affiliated with Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, that Iran had “no obligation” to buy American farm products under the signed memorandum.

但伊朗官员一再否认伊朗必须将任何解冻资金用于购买美国农产品，也否认外国方面将控制资金使用方式。伊朗央行行长赫马提周一在与伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队关系密切的媒体塔斯尼姆通讯社发表的采访中表示，根据已签署的备忘录，伊朗“没有义务”购买美国农产品。

His wording, however, left open the possibility of a verbal agreement between the U.S. and Iranian sides to that effect.

然而，他的措辞并未排除美伊双方就此达成口头协议的可能性。

On Tuesday, Mr. Baghaei, the Foreign Ministry spokesman, did not rule out Iran’s purchasing American farm exports with its frozen funds. But he said the decision would be up to Iran.

周二，伊朗外交部发言人巴加埃没有排除伊朗利用解冻资金购买美国农产品的可能性。但他说，最终决定权在伊朗自己手中。

“Regarding Iran’s released assets, we will make decisions in whatever way is most beneficial and appropriate for the country,” Mr. Baghaei said. “The important point is that Iran’s frozen assets are now accessible and can be used freely by Iran, in whatever manner it deems appropriate, to procure the goods and supplies needed by the country.”

“关于伊朗的解冻资产，我们将以对国家最有利、最合适的方式做出决定，”巴加埃说。“重要的一点是，伊朗的被冻结资产现在可以动用，伊朗可以自由使用，以任何其认为合适的方式采购国家所需的物资和供应。”

The dueling narratives even extended to more minor details, like whether or not Iranian negotiators walked out of talks in response to a threat by Mr. Trump to resume bombing their country if it closed the Strait of Hormuz.

这种相互矛盾的说法甚至延伸到了更为细枝末节的问题上，比如伊朗谈判代表是否曾因特朗普威胁若伊朗关闭霍尔木兹海峡就恢复轰炸而退出谈判。

Mr. Vance said on Monday that diplomats continued negotiating well past 1 a.m. despite threats by the Iranians to walk out. But Mr. Baghaei said that after Mr. Trump’s threat, Iranian diplomats refused to meet directly with the Americans, and instead exchanged messages through mediators.

万斯周一表示，尽管伊朗方面以退出谈判相威胁，外交官们仍坚持谈判至凌晨一点以后。但巴加埃表示，特朗普发出威胁后，伊朗外交官拒绝与美方直接会面，转而通过调解方传递信息。

At a factory in southeastern China, robot arms spin balletically, winding long strips of metal into rolls and shaping them into bricks that are destined to become batteries.

在中国东南部的一家工厂里，机械臂如芭蕾舞者般旋转，将长条金属卷成卷，再塑造成块状，它们最终将制成电池。

As workers in white coveralls watch, the nascent batteries are packaged into aluminum cases and, as workers put it, “given life” — endowed with an electrical charge that will eventually power cars and data centers across the world.

在身穿白色工作服的工人注视下，这些初具雏形的电池被装入铝制外壳中，用工人们的话说，它们被“赋予了生命”——被注入了电荷，最终将为世界各地的汽车和数据中心提供动力。

The site, owned by Contemporary Amperex Technology Company Ltd., or CATL, is the world’s largest cluster of battery factories, and the most advanced. Inside its walls, the dynamic between the United States and China is changing.

这个厂区属于宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司（简称宁德时代或CATL），是全球最大、最先进的电池工厂群。在这里的高墙之内，中美之间的动态关系正在发生变化。

For decades, American companies maintained a huge technological lead over their Chinese competitors. U.S. firms came to China to manufacture their goods more cheaply. As a price of entry, the Chinese government forced foreign companies into partnerships where Chinese firms could learn from them and absorb their more advanced technology.

几十年来，美国公司对中国竞争对手保持着巨大的技术领先优势。美国企业来到中国，是为了以更低的成本制造商品。作为进入中国市场的代价，中国政府强制要求外资企业与中国企业建立合资关系，以便中国企业从中学习并吸收外资企业更先进的技术。

In at least a few sectors, that equation has flipped, with China racing ahead of the United States. From batteries and solar panels to rare earths and life sciences, China is developing some of the world’s most advanced technologies, and it is rapidly deploying plans to corner other markets.

至少在少数几个领域，这种局面已经发生了逆转，中国跑在了美国的前面。从电池、太阳能电池板到稀土和生命科学，中国正在开发一些世界上最先进的技术，并且正在迅速部署主导其他市场的计划。

CATL is indicative of that shift. It has unveiled a battery that, according to the company, can power an electric vehicle for 250 miles with less than 10 minutes of charging — about three times the charging speed of batteries typically found in other electric vehicles. CATL’s battery technology is powering millions of cheap electric vehicles that China is exporting around the world.

宁德时代正是这一转变的标志。该公司推出了一款电池，据称充电不到10分钟即可驱动电动汽车行驶400公里——大约是其他电动汽车通常所用电池充电速度的三倍。宁德时代的电池技术正在为中国向世界各地出口的数百万廉价电动汽车提供动力。

The company sees further potential in America’s enormous car market.

该公司在美国巨大的汽车市场中看到了进一步的潜力。

“Of course if there’s an opportunity in the U.S., we wish to pursue it,” said Fred Zhang, a company spokesman.

“当然，如果在美国有机会，我们希望能去争取，”公司发言人弗雷德·张（音）说。

These advances are raising major questions for U.S. officials, who see danger in relying too much on Chinese technology. Lawmakers and some administration officials argue that China has used predatory practices to build a dominant position in batteries and other fields. They say that has hollowed out the industrial base of other countries, including the United States, and extended the Chinese government’s power globally.

这些进展让美国官员产生了重大疑虑，他们认为过度依赖中国技术存在危险。立法者和一些政府官员认为，中国利用掠夺性做法在电池及其他领域建立了主导地位。他们表示，这掏空了包括美国在内的其他国家的工业基础，并使中国政府的影响力扩展至全球。

Over the past year, Beijing weaponized its control over global supply chains, cutting off mineral exports and threatening to shut down U.S. factories to force the Trump administration to back down on tariffs. China has described its control of other industries, like pharmaceuticals, as a potential future lever over foreign governments.

过去一年里，北京将其对全球供应链的控制用作武器，切断了矿产出口，并威胁关闭美国工厂，以此迫使特朗普政府在关税问题上让步。中国曾表示，它对制药等其他行业的控制，未来可能成为对外国政府施加影响的杠杆。

宁德时代总部的一处汽车充电站。宁德时代看到了美国庞大汽车市场的潜力。

Representative John Moolenaar, a Michigan Republican who is chairman of the House Select Committee on China, said China had subsidized CATL “to undercut non-China competitors and build worldwide dependence.” Entrusting a critical industry to the company would be “a grave error,” he added.

众议院中国问题特别委员会主席、密歇根州共和党众议员约翰·穆勒纳尔表示，中国对宁德时代进行了补贴，以此“削弱非中国竞争对手，建立全球依赖”。他还说，将一个关键行业托付给该公司将是“一个严重的错误”。

But others say not working with Chinese firms like CATL will lead U.S. companies to fall behind, eroding America’s position in important industries. Walling off the world’s most dynamic economies could also slow progress toward scientific and technological advances, and impede efforts to combat climate change.

但也有人表示，不与宁德时代等中国企业合作将导致美国公司落后，从而削弱美国在重要行业中的地位。将世界上最具活力的经济体拒之门外，也可能减缓科技进步的步伐，并阻碍应对气候变化的努力。

“For decades now, we’ve been used to a world where the technology and innovation comes out of the West,” said Kyle Chan, a fellow at the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank. “The tables are turning.”

“几十年来，我们已经习惯了一个技术和创新来自西方的世界，”华盛顿智库布鲁金斯学会的研究员凯尔·陈说。“但局面正在发生扭转。”

The United States appears to be at an inflection point, where it must choose if it wants to use China’s cheap and advanced battery technology — or spend much more to develop an independent supply chain for an industry that could come to underpin much of U.S. energy infrastructure.

美国似乎正处于一个必须做出选择的转折点：是使用中国廉价且先进的电池技术，还是投入更多资金，为这个可能成为美国大部分能源基础设施基石的行业建立一条独立的供应链。

American officials have been firmly opposed to Chinese car imports, seeing them as a fast ticket to destroying the U.S. auto industry. But they are more divided over the batteries that go into cars, power plants and data centers because most major battery makers are foreign companies.

美国官员一直坚决反对中国汽车进口，认为这会迅速摧毁美国汽车工业。但在汽车、发电厂和数据中心所用的电池问题上，他们的分歧更大，因为大多数主要的电池制造商都是外国公司。

General Motors has invested with South Korean battery makers to build a non-Chinese supply chain, but other U.S. automakers already consider CATL a vital partner. CATL sells batteries to Tesla, and it has licensed its technology to Ford Motor to use in plants in Michigan and Kentucky.

通用汽车已与韩国电池制造商共同投资，以建立一条非中国供应链，但其他美国汽车制造商已将宁德时代视为至关重要的合作伙伴。宁德时代向特斯拉出售电池，并将其技术授权给福特汽车，用于福特在密歇根州和肯塔基州的工厂。

柏林附近的一家特斯拉工厂。宁德时代向特斯拉供应电池。

Ford collaborated with the South Korean battery maker SK On in its Kentucky factory, but dissolved the partnership in December. Republicans have scrapped Biden administration incentives for electric vehicles, cooling the E.V. market in the United States. This year, Ford said it would pivot the Kentucky plant to make batteries for energy producers and data centers, an area where Congress still provides subsidies.

福特曾在其肯塔基州工厂与韩国电池制造商SK On合作，但在去年12月解除了合作关系。共和党人废除了拜登政府针对电动汽车的激励措施，使美国电动汽车市场降温。今年，福特表示将把肯塔基州工厂转型，为能源生产商和数据中心制造电池，这是国会目前仍提供补贴的领域。

CATL’s presence in the United States has been controversial. In 2023, the Virginia governor at the time, Glenn Youngkin, blocked a Ford-CATL factory, calling it a “Trojan horse” for the Chinese Communist Party.

宁德时代在美国的存在一直备受争议。2023年，时任弗吉尼亚州州长格伦·杨金阻止了福特与宁德时代合作建设一家工厂的计划，称其为中国共产党的“特洛伊木马”。

In 2025, the U.S. government added CATL to a list of Chinese military companies, saying it was “indirectly affiliated” with top bodies of the Chinese government. CATL said that the designation, which barred the company from U.S. defense contracts, was “a mistake” and that it had never engaged in any military business.

2025年，美国政府将宁德时代列入中国军工企业名单，称其与中国政府最高机构存在“间接联系”。宁德时代表示，这项剥夺了该公司获得美国国防合同资格的指定是“一个错误”，并坚称其从未参与过任何军事业务。

Testing the Waters

试水

Chinese investment already faces significant hurdles in the United States, including federal security reviews and state restrictions on Chinese purchases of real estate and farmland. In Michigan, the Chinese company Gotion was blocked from building an E.V. battery factory after protests.

中国的投资在美国已经面临重大障碍，包括联邦安全审查以及各州对中国人购买房地产和农田的限制。在密歇根州，中国企业国轩高科在遭到抗议后被阻止建立电动汽车电池工厂。

The United States also has high tariffs on Chinese car and battery imports, and a ban on the use of Chinese software starting with 2027 vehicles.

美国还对进口的中国汽车和电池征收高额关税，并禁止2027年及以后生产的车辆使用中国软件。

But American and Chinese companies are eyeing whether President Trump’s seeming openness to doing business with China and his plans to meet China’s leader, Xi Jinping, again this year might open the way for more partnerships.

但特朗普总统似乎对与中国做生意持开放态度，他还计划今年再次会见中国领导人习近平。中美两国的企业都在观望，这一切是否会为两国更多合作铺平道路。

Mr. Trump has welcomed investment from Japan and Europe, and Chinese officials have pitched their U.S. counterparts on investing in the United States. During Mr. Trump’s visit to China last month, the countries said they would create a “board of investment.”

特朗普欢迎来自日本和欧洲的投资，中国官员也向美国同行推介了在美国的投资意向。在特朗普上个月访问中国期间，两国表示将设立一个“投资委员会”。

上个月特朗普总统访华期间，中美表示将成立一个“投资委员会”。

In an interview on CNBC on May 14, Scott Bessent, the Treasury secretary, said the board would “decide upfront what are the nonstrategic, nonsensitive areas where it would be possible for the Chinese to invest.”

在5月14日接受CNBC采访时，财政部长斯科特·贝森特表示，该委员会将“预先确定哪些是非战略性、非敏感领域，允许中国进行投资”。

But the Trump administration has been attuned to criticisms that Chinese investments could compromise national security. In May, Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, said the board would be focused more on resolving specific complaints by U.S. companies than on creating a “program of mutual investment.”

但特朗普政府也在关注有关中国投资可能危及国家安全的批评。今年5月，美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔表示，该委员会将更多地侧重于解决美国公司的具体投诉，而不是制定一项“双向投资计划”。

Reva Goujon, a director at Rhodium Group, a research firm, said U.S. firms like Ford and Stellantis were interested in partnerships that could help them absorb more advanced Chinese technology and maintain their electric vehicle lineups without incurring high costs. Stellantis has a joint venture with CATL in Europe and is constructing a battery factory in Spain.

研究机构荣鼎咨询的主任雷瓦·古琼表示，福特和斯特兰蒂斯这样的美国公司对能帮助他们吸收更先进的中国技术、在不产生高昂成本的情况下维持其电动汽车产品线的合作关系感兴趣。斯特兰蒂斯在欧洲与宁德时代成立了合资企业，目前正在西班牙建设一家电池工厂。

“They’re trying to position themselves for if there is a thaw between the U.S. and China on investment,” she said. “They’re testing the political waters.”

“它们正在为美中投资关系可能出现的缓和做准备，”她说。“他们正在试探政治风向。”

The Chinese government has encouraged some companies to expand internationally, but with strategic sectors like batteries, there are still big questions about how much technology China will allow them to share with foreign partners. In addition to flexing its control over mineral exports, Beijing recently added restrictions to exporting battery manufacturing technologies, and established a more rigorous system to review outbound technology investments, Ms. Goujon said.

中国政府一直鼓励部分企业向国际扩张，但在电池等战略领域，关于中国允许这些企业与外国合作伙伴分享多少技术，仍然存在很大的疑问。古琼表示，除了加强对矿产出口的控制外，北京最近还增加了对出口电池制造技术的限制，并建立了一个更严格的系统，来审查技术领域的对外投资。

The country’s imperative “is to hold on to the crown jewels for any technology,” she said. “When it comes to more obvious forms of tech transfer, I think Beijing is going to be very, very strict about that.”

她表示，中国的当务之急是“保住所有技术皇冠上的明珠。当涉及更明显的技术转让形式时，我认为北京将会非常非常严格”。

Beijing scuttled Meta’s acquisition of Manus, a Singaporean-based artificial intelligence company founded in China, and blocked Elon Musk from buying equipment that would help Tesla make solar products in the United States.

北京阻挠了Meta对Manus（一家在中国创立、总部位于新加坡的人工智能公司）的收购，并阻止了埃隆·马斯克购买有助于特斯拉在美国制造太阳能产品的设备。

Rush Doshi, an assistant professor at Georgetown University who previously served as the China director for the Biden National Security Council, said Chinese investments could help the United States if CATL used American suppliers, workers and software. If the company just shipped all the high-value parts in from China, however, it would hurt U.S. industry, he said.

乔治敦大学助理教授、曾担任拜登国家安全委员会中国事务主任的杜如松(Rush Doshi)表示，如果宁德时代使用美国的供应商、工人和软件，中国的投资可能会对美国有所帮助。但他也指出，如果该公司只是从中国运入所有高价值零部件，就会损害美国工业。

“If we import Chinese batteries without making our own, we will lose a critical industry of the future,” Mr. Doshi said, adding, “The ‘how’ is critical.”

“如果我们只进口中国电池而不自己制造，我们将失去一个关乎未来的关键行业，”杜如松说，他还说，“‘怎么做’是至关重要的。”

‘Trojan Horse’ or Key Partner?

“特洛伊木马”还是关键伙伴？

At the CATL’s factory complex in Ningde, fresh air from the East China Sea flowed into a huge white marble lobby and a showroom with the slogan “Together for the energy freedom!” The building is shaped like a lithium battery, the product that tens of thousands of workers are making in nearby factories.

在宁德的宁德时代工厂园区里，来自东海的清新空气吹进巨大的白色大理石大堂和展厅，展厅里有“开启您的能量自由时代”的口号。这座建筑的外形像一块锂电池，这正是数万名工人在附近工厂生产的产品。

But Chinese policies have also been central to the company’s success, specifically financial incentives for Chinese consumers to buy E.V.s. The government poured hundreds of billions of dollars into the sector. Directives from the highest levels of the Communist Party encouraged battery research, while regulations discouraged the use of non-Chinese batteries and pushed American firms out of the country.

但中国的政策也是该公司成功的关键因素，特别是针对中国消费者购买电动汽车的财政激励措施。政府向该行业倾注了数万亿元。来自共产党最高层的指示鼓励电池研究，相关法规限制非中国产电池的使用，并将美国企业挤出了中国市场。

U.S. officials have criticized China’s industrial subsidies, saying they create an unfair playing field and distort global markets. Those practices show no sign of slowing.

美国官员批评中国的工业补贴，称这些补贴造成了不公平的竞争环境，扭曲了全球市场。这些做法没有显示出放缓的迹象。

宁德时代将其成功部分归功于研发投入，称其研发投入总额超过了其他电池企业总和。中共最高层的指示鼓励电池研发，相关法规则限制使用非中国产电池，迫使美国企业退出中国市场。

A study released in June by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found that industrial firms in China had received three to eight times as much government support over the past two decades as companies in the 38 mostly wealthy nations that belong to the O.E.C.D. In a report last month, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and Rhodium Group argued that Chinese industrial policy was becoming more pervasive and systemic, calling the strategy an “industrial policy of everything.”

经济合作与发展组织6月发布的一项研究发现，过去20年中，中国工业企业获得的政府支持是经合组织38个成员国（主要为富裕国家）企业所获政府支持的三到八倍。在上个月的一份报告中，美国商会和荣鼎咨询指出，中国的产业政策正变得越来越普遍和系统化，并将这种战略称为“无所不包的产业政策”。

Others argue that China’s advances are fueled by investments in research, education and talent, policies that the United States should do more to emulate.

也有人认为，中国的进步得益于研究、教育和人才方面的投资，美国应更多地借鉴这些政策。

Japan said that it will raise the price of some tourist visas by more than 400 percent starting in July, the latest move in Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s campaign to tightly regulate entries by foreign nationals.

日本表示，将从7月起将部分旅游签证的费用上调400%以上，这是首相高市早苗严格管控外籍人士入境行动的最新举措。

Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi announced the changes on Friday, saying in a news briefing that the changes were necessary after 48 years without a change. He cited factors including inflation and changes in exchange rates for the increase.

外务大臣茂木敏充在上周五宣布了这些变动，并在新闻发布会上表示，鉴于相关费用48年来从未调整，此次调整势在必行。他列举了通货膨胀和汇率变动等因素作为涨价的依据。

The fees will apply to travelers from more than 100 countries, including China, India and Vietnam, which were among Japan’s largest sources of visitors last year. They will go from paying about $18 to $93 for a single-entry visa, and from $37 to $186 for multiple entries.

这些费用将适用于来自100多个国家的旅客，包括中国、印度和越南，这些国家包含在去年日本最大的游客来源国之中。单次入境签证的费用将从约18美元上调至93美元，多次入境签证的费用将从37美元增加到186美元。

Tourists from the United States and around 70 other countries will not have to pay the new fees because of visa exemptions. For now, those travelers can enter for free. In 2028, Japan plans to roll out an electronic system for visa-exempt travelers known as Jesta, the fee for which has not yet been set.

来自美国及约70个其他国家的游客因享受免签待遇，无需缴纳新签证费。目前，这些旅客可以免费入境。日本计划在2028年针对免签旅客推出名为Jesta的电子系统，其费用尚未确定。

The revenue will subsidize the cost of passports for Japanese nationals, who will have to pay about $43 less in fees, according to Ms. Takaichi’s governing Liberal Democratic Party.

据高市早苗所在的执政党自民党称，这笔收入将用于补贴日本国民的护照费用，国民需要缴纳的护照费用将减少约43美元。

Ms. Takaichi won a snap election in February with a sweeping mandate from voters, who supported her hard-line positions on issues such as immigration and China’s growing economic and military clout.

高市早苗在2月份的提前选举中获得了选民的压倒性支持而胜出，选民们支持她在移民问题以及中国日益增长的经济和军事影响力等问题上的强硬立场。

Politicians in her party say that foreigners abuse tourist visas to stay indefinitely in Japan, a country that has long been cautious about immigration. Foreigners make up only about 3 percent of the population, but the numbers of permanent residents, students and skilled and unskilled workers has steadily increased since 2021, according to Japan’s Immigration Services Agency.

她所在政党的政治人士表示，外国人滥用旅游签证在日本无限期逗留。日本长久以来一直对移民持谨慎态度。根据日本出入国在留管理厅的数据，虽然外国人仅占日本人口的约3%，但自2021年以来，永久居民、学生以及技术工人和非技术工人的数量一直在稳步增加。

Yoichi Kinoshita, a former Immigration Bureau official who works as an adviser at a visa support agency, said the Takaichi government’s focus has shifted from reducing illegal immigration to targeting legal foreign residents.

曾任出入国在留管理局官员、现为一家签证支持机构顾问的木下洋一（音）表示，高市政府的重点已从减少非法移民转向针对合法的外国居民。

“This harsh attitude toward foreigners really resonates with conservatives,” he said

“这种对外国人的严苛态度确实引起了保守派的共鸣，”他说。

One example is a recent visa rule change that forced many foreign restaurant owners to shutter the small curry, fried rice and noodle restaurants they had set up around Japan.

一个例子是最近的签证规则变化，这迫使许多外国餐馆老板关闭了他们在日本各地开设的小型咖喱店、炒饭店和面馆。

In March, Ms. Takaichi’s cabinet proposed an amendment to Japan’s immigration laws to increase residence permit fees. Applicants for permanent residence would have to pay as much as 300,000 yen, or more than $1,800, up from the current fee of around $60. The revenue collected from the fees would help to pay for services for foreign nationals including Japanese language training, the Immigration Bureau said at the time.

今年3月，高市内阁提议对日本的移民法进行修正，以提高居留许可费用。永久居留申请者将需支付高达30万日元（超过1800美元）的费用，而目前的费用约为60美元。出入国在留管理局当时表示，从这些费用中征收的收入将用于支付面向外国人的服务费用，包括日语培训等。

The bill was criticized by immigrants’ rights groups and the bar associations of Tokyo and Osaka, two of the largest organizations of lawyers in Japan.

该法案受到了移民权利团体以及日本两大律师组织——东京律师协会和大阪律师协会的批评。

“The government’s ‘foreigner policies’ are becoming increasingly strict, including easing requirements to revoke permanent resident status,” the Tokyo Bar Association said in a statement in May, arguing that the fee increase was a “sudden and excessive burden on foreign nationals.”

东京律师协会在5月的声明中表示：“政府的‘外国人政策’正变得越来越严格，包括放宽撤销永久居民身份的条件。”声明认为，费用增加是对“外籍人士突然且过度的负担”。

Ms. Takaichi’s party has drawn a link between excessive tourism and illegal immigration. Since Japan reopened to international tourism after the coronavirus pandemic, tourist areas in cities like Tokyo and Kyoto have felt increasingly unmanageable to locals. Last year, the country reported a record 42.6 million visitor arrivals. Residents have complained about tourists littering, parking in driveways and crowding religious sites.

高市所在的政党将过度旅游与非法移民联系起来。自日本在新冠疫情后重新开放国际旅游以来，东京和京都等城市的旅游区让当地人感到越来越难以管理。去年，日本接待的入境游客人数达到创纪录的4260万人次。居民们抱怨游客乱扔垃圾、把车停在私人车道上，以及在宗教场所造成拥挤。

In a November meeting about coexisting with foreign nationals, Ms. Takaichi said that tourism was “vitally important” to Japan’s economy, but that foreign visitors would not be allowed to misbehave.

在11月一次关于与外籍人士共处的会议上，高市早苗表示，旅游业对日本经济“至关重要”，但不会允许外国游客行为不端。

“Illegal acts and deviations from the rules by some foreign nationals are causing anxiety and a sense of unfairness among the public,” she said. “While drawing a clear line against xenophobia, the government will respond firmly to such misconduct.”

“一些外籍人士的违法行为和无视规则的行为正在引起公众的焦虑和不公平感，”她说。“在划清反对仇外心理界限的同时，政府将对这种不当行为作出坚决回应。”

Foreign visitor arrivals have been declining, according to the Japan National Tourism Organization. In May, they fell by 3.6 percent compared to the same month last year. The largest drop was among Chinese tourists, who have cut back on their trips to Japan at a time when relations between the countries are strained.

根据日本政府观光局的数据，外国游客的入境人数一直在下降。今年5月与去年同月相比下降了3.6%。降幅最大的是中国游客，在两国关系紧张之际，他们减少了前往日本的旅行。

The Supreme Court said on Tuesday that members of the Falun Gong spiritual movement could not sue a U.S. company that they claimed helped facilitate the Chinese government’s efforts to target and torture them.

美国最高法院周二裁定，法轮功精神运动成员不能起诉一家美国公司，尽管他们声称该公司协助中国政府针对并迫害他们的行动。

Writing for the majority, Justice Amy Coney Barrett signaled an unwillingness to expand the scope of a 237-year-old law that had been designed to allow foreigners to bring lawsuits in U.S. courts for violations of international law.

多数意见由大法官艾米·康尼·巴雷特执笔，表达了不愿扩大一部有237年历史的法律适用范围的立场。该法律旨在允许外国人在美国法院就违反国际法的行为提起诉讼。

The ruling in favor of Cisco Systems, a technology company based in San Jose, Calif., could help insulate other companies from legal risks in dealings with foreign governments with histories of engaging in human rights abuses.

这一有利于科技公司思科系统的裁决可能有助于使其他公司在与有侵犯人权历史的外国政府打交道时免受法律风险。思科系统的总部位于加利福尼亚州圣何塞。

The company has denied that its technology was customized to enable the Chinese government to facilitate repression, calling the allegation “inaccurate and entirely without foundation.”

该公司否认其技术被专门定制用于协助中国政府实施镇压，称相关指控“不实且毫无根据”。

In a mixed ruling that reversed a lower appeals court that had sided with the Falun Gong members, all of the court’s conservatives joined Justice Barrett in the majority, and two of the court’s liberals joined in part. Justice Sonia Sotomayor dissented, joined in part by Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson.

在这项推翻了此前偏向法轮功成员的下级上诉法院的混合裁决中，法院的所有保守派大法官与巴雷特共同构成多数意见，两名自由派大法官则部分支持该意见。大法官索尼娅·索托马约尔表示异议，大法官埃琳娜·卡根和凯坦吉·布朗·杰克逊则部分加入异议。

Justice Barrett wrote that although claims brought under a federal law known as the Alien Tort Statute “frequently involve heinous and inhumane acts,” the courts were not the best place to address them. Instead, she wrote “the political branches or other international actors” were better suited to enforce norms of international law in such cases.

巴雷特大法官写道，尽管依据《外国人侵权法》提出的诉讼“经常涉及令人发指、毫无人性的行为”，但法院并非处理此类问题的最佳场所。相反，她写道，“政治分支机构或其他国际行动体”更适合在这些案件中执行国际法规范。

In an impassioned dissent, Justice Sotomayor asserted that the majority had thrown out “two decades of settled precedent” under the guise of “respecting Congress and the separation of powers.”

在措辞强烈的不同意见书中，索托马约尔大法官指出，多数派是打着“尊重国会和权力分立原则”的旗号，实际上推翻了“20年来已经确立的判例”。

In practical terms, she wrote, the court “closes the courthouse doors” not just to the Falun Gong members, but also “to virtually every future litigant seeking redress for a violation of international law” under the Alien Tort Statute. She concluded that she believed the court’s conservative majority was seeking “yet another notch in its belt, unabashedly remaking the law in its preferred image.”

她写道，从实际效果来看，法院不仅对法轮功成员“关上了法院的大门“，事实上也对“未来几乎所有依据《外国人侵权法》寻求国际法侵权救济的诉讼人”关上了大门。她最后表示，她认为法院的保守派多数派是在追求“又一个战果”，肆无忌惮饰地按照自己的偏好重塑法律。

That law, enacted in 1789 by the country’s first Congress, had initially focused on international disputes like piracy and threats to ambassadors, allowing for such foreign matters to be examined in American courts.

《外国人侵权法》由美国第一届国会于1789年制定，最初主要针对海盗行为、威胁外交使节等国际争端，允许此类涉外事务在美国法院审理。

In recent decades, the law has also been used as a tool to bring claims of international human rights abuses into U.S. courts. But in recent years, the Supreme Court has taken an increasingly narrow approach to the statute, limiting the types of claims allowed.

近几十年来，这部法律也被用作将国际人权侵害指控带入美国法院的工具。但近年来，最高法院对这部法律的解释日趋收紧，不断限制可受理的诉讼类型。

Falun Gong, a spiritual movement that draws on elements of Buddhism, became a focus of the Chinese government in April 1999 after members protested peacefully outside of a Beijing compound for the country’s Communist Party leaders.

法轮功是一个融合了佛教部分元素的精神修炼团体。1999年4月，法轮功成员在北京中共领导人居住办公的地点外举行和平请愿后，该团体引起中国政府的高度关注。

After the rally, China’s government banned Falun Gong and announced an arrest warrant for the movement’s leader, Li Hongzhi. The government also labeled the group as a cult, an accusation that the organization has denied, and targeted members, subjecting them to physical and mental torture, forced labor and detention, according to a Human Rights Watch report. The Chinese government has previously denied torturing Falun Gong members.

请愿活动之后，中国政府取缔了法轮功，并宣布通缉该组织创始人李洪志。政府还将该团体定性为邪教（对此法轮功方面予以否认），对法轮功成员进行打击，根据人权观察的一份报告，他们遭到了身心折磨、强迫劳动和拘禁。中国政府此前否认对法轮功成员实施酷刑。

In 2011, practitioners of Falun Gong sued Cisco Systems in the United States under the Alien Tort Statute and the Torture Victim Protection Act, a 1991 law that allows individuals to sue foreign officials for torture.

2011年，法轮功修炼者依据《外国人侵权法》和《酷刑受害者保护法》在美国起诉思科公司。《酷刑受害者保护法》是1991年制定的一项法律，允许个人因遭受酷刑而起诉外国官员。

Members of the group asserted that the company helped the Chinese government to develop the “Golden Shield,” the country’s internet censorship program. This technology, the members said, enabled the government to put in place a brutal system to crack down on Falun Gong.

法轮功成员称，思科协助中国政府开发了“金盾工程”，即中国的互联网监控与审查系统。他们表示，这项技术使政府得以建立一套严厉打压法轮功的体系。

The lawsuit stalled after a federal trial-level judge dismissed the claims, but it gained momentum again in 2023, when a divided three-judge panel on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit revived several of the Falun Gong members’ claims.

在联邦地区法院法官驳回诉讼后，该案一度陷入停滞。但到了2023年，美国第九巡回上诉法院一个意见存在分歧的三法官合议庭恢复了法轮功成员提出的部分诉求，使案件再次获得进展。

The dispute, Cisco Systems v. Doe I, is one of several recent cases in which the justices have faced debates over the scope of the federal laws that allow claims of international human rights abuses to be heard in U.S. courts. The Trump administration had joined the case in support of Cisco.

本案——思科系统诉匿名人士案——是近期最高法院面临的若干涉及联邦法律中国际人权侵权主张受理范围争议案件之一。特朗普政府在该案中支持思科一方。

During the oral argument, several of the questions focused on a 2004 case before the court, Sosa v. Alvarez Machain, which involved the abduction of a man suspected in the 1985 kidnapping and murder of a U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency special agent in Mexico.

口头辩论中，多个提问聚焦于2004年的“索萨诉阿尔瓦雷斯-马查因案”，该案涉及一名涉嫌参与1985年绑架并杀害美国缉毒局特工的男子被强行带离墨西哥的问题。

In that case, the court did not allow Humberto Álvarez-Machain, a physician and Mexican national who had been kidnapped and brought to the United States, to sue the U.S. government. The court concluded that the Alien Tort Statute had most likely been originally understood to permit challenges under only three specific violations of international norms: the violation of rules allowing safe-conduct in other countries, the infringement of the rights of ambassadors and piracy.

在该案中，法院裁定被绑架至美国的墨西哥籍医生翁贝托·阿尔瓦雷斯-马查因不能起诉美国政府，认为《外国人侵权法》最初很可能只允许针对三类明确违反国际规范的行为提起诉讼：违反安全通行权、侵犯大使权利和海盗行为。

Even though the court has not recognized other causes of action under the law, lower courts have found many, creating disagreements among the federal courts, a common reason for the Supreme Court to review cases.

尽管最高法院未承认其他诉由，但下级法院已认定多种此类主张，导致联邦法院间存在分歧，这正是最高法院通常决定受理案件的重要原因之一。

At the argument in late April, several of the conservative justices said they thought that the other branches of government were better equipped to deal with accusations of human rights violations in other countries.

在4月底的辩论中，多位保守派大法官表示，他们认为处理其他国家人权侵害指控的问题更适合由政府其他部门来负责。

“The founding generation would have been shocked that this court held the statute to be a dead letter when only 20 years ago the same court held the opposite,” said Paul L. Hoffman, the lawyer who argued on behalf of the Falun Gong members, after Tuesday’s ruling.

在周二裁决公布后，代表法轮功成员出庭的律师保罗·霍夫曼表示，“建国先贤们若得知本院认定该法规已成一纸空文，定会震惊——而仅在20年前，同一法院还持相反立场。”

Mr. Hoffman said it was now up to Congress “to act so that victims of serious human rights violations at the hands of U.S. corporations may hold those corporations accountable in U.S. courts under the Alien Tort Statute.”

霍夫曼说，现在轮到国会“采取行动，使那些遭受美国公司严重人权侵害的受害者能够依据《外国人侵权法》在美国法院追究这些企业的责任”。