Last month, Mark Zuckerberg, Meta’s chief executive, boldly came out in support of “open source” artificial intelligence models that are publicly available to download and modify without payment or approval. The way forward, he said, was through “openness and putting the power of tech into more people’s hands, not fewer.”

上月，Meta首席执行官马克·扎克伯格高调表态支持“开源”人工智能模型，即允许公众在无需付费或获得许可的情况下下载和修改的人工智能模型。他表示，未来的发展方向应该是“开放性，让技术力量掌握在更多人而非少数人手中”。

On Monday, Mr. Zuckerberg doubled down on that support.

周一，扎克伯格进一步重申了这一立场。

Meta released an open version of its most powerful A.I. model, Muse Spark. Called Muse Glimmer, it is nearly identical to Muse Spark and can generate code, text and images. Muse Spark, which debuted in July as a “closed” A.I. model that people pay to access, will remain closed.

Meta发布了其最强大人工智能模型Muse Spark的开放版本，名为Muse Glimmer。它与Muse Spark几乎完全相同，可以生成代码、文本和图像。而于今年7月推出的Muse Spark是一种“闭源”人工智能模型，用户需要付费才能使用，它仍将维持现状。

Muse Glimmer is an “open weights” model, which means its weights, or the underlying calculations that determine how the model works, are made public. It is not fully open source, which is when the entirety of the model’s underlying code is made public.

Muse Glimmer属于“开放权重”模型，这意味着模型的权重——也就是决定模型如何运行的底层计算参数——被公开了。但它并不属于完全意义上的“开源”，因为完全开源意味着模型的全部底层代码都必须公开。

The new model was accompanied by a 14-page essay from Mr. Zuckerberg laying out his vision for A.I. The technology should not be feared, he said, and the United States needs to retain its primacy over China in the A.I. race. Without naming Anthropic and OpenAI, the rival A.I. companies that have called for tight controls on the technology, he criticized their approaches, saying that concentrating A.I. power in the hands of just a few companies is hazardous.

伴随这一新模型发布的还有一篇由扎克伯格撰写的14页文章，阐述了他对人工智能未来的设想。他说，人类不应该害怕这项技术，并强调美国需要在人工智能竞赛中保持相对于中国的领先地位。在文章中，他没有点名Anthropic和OpenAI这两家主张对人工智能实施严格管控的竞争对手，但批评了它们的做法，认为若把人工智能权力集中在少数几家公司手中是危险的。

“Rather than centralizing superintelligence, we should distribute it,” Mr. Zuckerberg, 42, wrote in the essay, which he titled “The Future Is for Everyone.” He added, “This has the potential to begin a new era of personal empowerment.”

“与其把超级智能集中在少数人手中，我们更应该让它广泛普及，”42岁的扎克伯格在题为《未来属于所有人》的文章中写道。他还说：“这有望开启一个个人赋能的新时代。”

Meta’s new model is likely to add to a contentious Silicon Valley debate over the direction of A.I. development. Anthropic and OpenAI have argued that A.I. should be restricted because it is dangerous and needs to be safely developed in a contained fashion. But Meta, Nvidia, Microsoft, Google and others have backed open-source, saying the technology must be freely available so that people can further develop A.I. and build new businesses.

Meta的新模型可能会加剧硅谷关于人工智能发展方向的激烈争论。Anthropic和OpenAI认为人工智能具有危险性，因此应该受到限制，需要以受控方式安全开发。但Meta、英伟达、微软、谷歌等公司则支持开源，认为这项技术必须能够自由获得，这样人们才能进一步开发人工智能，并创建新的企业。

The debate was turbocharged last month when Chinese start-ups released powerful open A.I. models that appeared to threaten the technological edge held by U.S. companies. Officials in Washington became embroiled in the debate, with OpenAI and Anthropic raising concerns about Chinese open-source A.I. models with regulators, while Nvidia and others pushed against restrictions.

上个月，中国初创公司发布了一批功能强大的开源人工智能模型，似乎威胁到美国企业的技术优势，这场争论随之急剧升温。华盛顿的官员也卷入了这场争论：OpenAI和Anthropic向监管机构表达了对中国开源人工智能模型的担忧，而英伟达等公司则反对施加限制。

(The New York Times has sued OpenAI and Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement of news articles. The two companies have denied the claims.)

（《纽约时报》已就新闻文章版权侵权问题起诉OpenAI和微软。两家公司均否认相关指控。）

Meta has long supported open-source A.I. and was for years one of the few American tech giants to give away their top A.I. models for free. That changed last spring, after Meta fell behind Anthropic and OpenAI in the A.I. race. It began developing a closed A.I. model instead.

Meta长期以来一直支持开源人工智能，多年来也是少数愿意免费提供顶尖人工智能模型的美国科技巨头之一。但去年春天这一情况发生了变化。当时，Meta在人工智能竞赛中落后于Anthropic和OpenAI，于是开始开发一种闭源人工智能模型。

That model, Muse Spark, was developed under Alexandr Wang, 29, an A.I. entrepreneur whom Meta hired last year to be its chief A.I. officer. The company began selling access to Muse Spark for the first time last month. Last week, Meta also released Muse Code, a stand-alone coding assistant powered by Muse Spark.

该模型即Muse Spark，由29岁的人工智能创业者汪滔主导开发，Meta于去年聘请他担任首席人工智能官。上个月，该公司首次开始向用户出售Muse Spark的访问权限。上周，Meta还发布了Muse Code——一款以Muse Spark为底层驱动的独立编程助手。

Muse Spark does not perform as well as leading A.I. models from Anthropic and OpenAI on measures such as coding, reasoning and writing, according to leaderboards that track A.I. benchmarks. Meta has positioned the model as a cheaper alternative to its rivals.

根据追踪人工智能基准测试的排行榜，在编程、推理和写作等方面，Muse Spark的表现并不如Anthropic和OpenAI的领先人工智能模型。Meta将这款模型定位为一种价格更低的竞争替代方案。

That strategy is similar to that of Chinese A.I. companies and their inexpensive open-source models. The Chinese models have become increasingly popular in the United States as companies seek to cut their A.I. bills, as well as in developing nations such as Kenya and Uganda.

这种策略与中国人工智能企业的做法颇为相似，后者推出了价格低廉的开源模型。随着企业寻求削减人工智能方面的支出，这些中国模型在美国越来越受欢迎，在肯尼亚、乌干达等发展中国家也同样受到追捧。

In his essay, Mr. Zuckerberg also expanded on Meta’s vision for superintelligence, which includes giving people personal “agents,” the A.I. bots that can “work 24/7 on your behalf to improve your relationships, health, career, finances, home management, hobbies, and more.”

在文章中，扎克伯格还详细阐述了Meta对超级智能的愿景，其中包括为每个人提供个人“代理”——即能够“全天候代表你，持续改善你的人际关系、健康状况、职业发展、财务管理、家居生活、兴趣爱好等方方面面”的人工智能机器人。

His 8-year-old daughter has been using A.I. to code and create videos, he added, and he is using A.I. with her to design a robot. “Everyone will soon have invention superpowers,” Mr. Zuckerberg said.

他还说，自己八岁的女儿已经在使用人工智能进行编程和制作视频，而他正在和女儿一起利用人工智能设计一个机器人。“每个人很快都将拥有发明创造的超能力，”扎克伯格说。

China has advantages in the A.I. race, Mr. Zuckerberg added, such as the ability to build data centers and nuclear power facilities quickly and with fewer regulations. He called for a new process for government oversight of A.I. development, and defended distillation, a practice in which A.I. labs use rival models to help train their own. Meta also said it would create a $1 billion fund to invest in communities where its data centers were built.

扎克伯格还指出，中国在人工智能竞赛中拥有某些优势，例如能够以更快的速度建设数据中心和核电设施，而且受到的监管更少。他呼吁建立一种新的政府监管机制，对人工智能的发展进行监督；同时为蒸馏辩护——所谓蒸馏，是指人工智能实验室利用竞争对手的模型来帮助训练自己的模型。Meta还表示，将设立一项10亿美元的基金，投资于其数据中心所在的社区。

In the coming months, Meta plans to release a cutting-edge A.I. model, internally called Watermelon, that will be more powerful than Muse Spark. Mr. Zuckerberg did not say if the model would be open or closed.

未来几个月，Meta计划发布一款尖端人工智能模型，内部代号为“Watermelon”（西瓜），该模型将比Muse Spark更强大。扎克伯格并未透露该模型是开源还是闭源。