President Xi Jinping of China, on a two-day visit to France, spoke out firmly against criticism of his country for its close relationship with Russia during the war in Ukraine, saying that “we oppose the crisis being used to cast responsibility on a third country, sully its image and incite a new cold war.”

在对法国为期两天的访问期间，中国国家主席习近平坚决反对外界批评中国在乌克兰战争期间与俄罗斯的密切关系，称“我们反对利用乌克兰危机甩锅、抹黑第三国，煽动‘新冷战’”。

Flanked by the French president, Emmanuel Macron, with whom he held several rounds of talk on Monday, Mr. Xi stiffened as he defended China’s role, recalling it was “not at the origin of this crisis, nor a party to it, nor a participant.”

周一，在与法国总统马克龙举行了数轮会谈后，在双方共同会见记者时，习近平作出强硬表态，并为中国的角色进行了辩护。他回顾说，中国“既不是这场危机的制造者，也不是当事方、参与方”。

The bristling remark appeared aimed principally at the United States, which believes that China, aside from buying enormous amounts of Russia oil and gas, continues to aid Moscow’s war in Ukraine by providing satellite imagery to Russian forces along with jet fighter parts, microchips and other dual-use equipment.

这番愤怒的言论似乎主要是针对美国，后者认为，中国除了从俄罗斯购买大量石油和天然气外，还通过向俄罗斯军队提供卫星图像、喷气式战斗机零件、微芯片和其他军民两用设备，继续协助莫斯科在乌克兰进行战争。

Mr. Macron and Ursula von der Leyen, the European Commission’s president, who attended a morning session of talks, pressured Mr. Xi to use his influence on Moscow to bring the war to an end. Mr. Xi will host President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia in Beijing later this month, but there was no suggestion — other than a general wish for peace — that he would ask his “no limits” ally to stop the war.

马克龙和和出席上午会谈的欧盟委员会主席冯德莱恩向习近平施压，要求他利用自己对莫斯科的影响力结束这场战争。习近平将于本月晚些时候在北京接待俄罗斯总统普京，但除了对和平的一般性愿望之外，没有任何迹象表明习近平会要求这个“没有止境”的盟友停止战争。

习近平和马克龙在友好的气氛中庆祝两国建交60年来取得的丰硕成果，并承诺共同建设一个更加美好的世界。

The talks in Paris took place as Mr. Putin again suggested he might be prepared to use nuclear weapons in the war in Ukraine. Russia has specifically cited Mr. Macron’s taboo-breaking statement in February that the deployment of Western troops in Ukraine could not be ruled out as a reason for Moscow’s decision to hold military exercises to practice for the possible use of battlefield, or “tactical,” nuclear weapons.

习近平在巴黎进行会谈之际，普京再次暗示，他可能准备在乌克兰战争中使用核武器。俄罗斯特别提到马克龙今年2月发表了打破禁忌的声明，称不能排除在乌克兰部署西方军队的可能性，它将该声明作为莫斯科决定举行军事演习，演练可能使用战场核武器或“战术”核武器的原因。

Mr. Macron has said repeatedly that he stands by his position on the possible deployment of troops, remarks intended, he says, to create “strategic ambiguity.” He did not address the issue on Monday.

马克龙曾多次表示，他坚持自己在可能部署军队问题上的立场，他说，他的言论意在制造“战略模糊性”。周一，他没有谈及这个问题。

Addressing Mr. Xi, the French president said, “Without security for Ukraine there can be no security for Europe.” But he emphasized that France was not at war with Russia or its people and did not seek to overturn Mr. Putin’s regime. Mr. Macron added, with respect to the war, that France and China “must maintain a close dialogue”

法国总统对习近平说，“没有乌克兰的安全，就没有欧洲的安全。”但他强调，法国没有与俄罗斯或俄罗斯人民开战，也不寻求推翻普京的政权。马克龙还说，关于这场战争，法国和中国“必须保持密切对话”。

Earlier in the day, Ms. von der Leyen said Beijing should “use all its influence on Russia to end its war of aggression against Ukraine.” Mr. Xi had played “an important role in de-escalating Russia’s irresponsible nuclear threats,” she added, expressing confidence that the Chinese leader would “continue to do so against the backdrop of ongoing nuclear threats by Russia.”

当天早些时候，冯德莱恩表示，北京应该“利用对俄罗斯的所有影响力，结束俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略战争”。她还说，习近平“在缓解俄罗斯不负责任的核威胁方面发挥了重要作用”，并表示相信中国领导人“在俄罗斯持续核威胁的背景下会继续这样做”。

“More effort is needed to curtail delivery of dual-use goods to Russia that find their way to the battlefield,” said Ms. von der Leyen, who has been blunter in her criticism of China than Mr. Macron. “And given the existential nature of the threats stemming from this war for both Ukraine and Europe, this does affect E.U.-China relations.”

冯德莱恩对中国的批评比马克龙更更为直率，“需要做出更多努力，限制向俄罗斯输送军民两用物资，这些物资会流向战场，”她说。“考虑到这场战争给乌克兰和欧洲造成生死攸关的威胁，这确实会影响欧盟与中国的关系。”

It is relatively unusual for a top European official to describe the war in Ukraine as an “existential threat” to the European continent. Doing so may reflect Mr. Putin’s renewed talk of the use of nuclear weapons.

一位欧洲高级官员将乌克兰战争描述为对欧洲大陆“生死攸关的威胁”，这有点不太寻常。这种说法可能是对普京重提使用核武器的反应。

周日，参与乌克兰军事行动的俄罗斯人在莫斯科红场参加纪念“二战”战胜纳粹德国周年游行的彩排。

The atmosphere between Mr. Xi and Mr. Macron was friendly and full of mutual congratulation at the fruits of the 60-year diplomatic relationship between the two countries and vows to build a better world together. At a separate French-Chinese business summit attended by top executives, Mr. Xi said, “Between our two countries there is no geopolitical tension nor any fundamental conflict.”

习近平和马克龙在友好的气氛中庆祝两国建交60年来取得的丰硕成果，并承诺共同建设一个更加美好的世界。在另一场有企业高管出席的法中商业峰会上，习近平说，“中法两国没有地缘政治矛盾，没有根本利益冲突。”

The two leaders called jointly for an “Olympics truce” — a pause in all fighting in all conflicts across the world for the duration of the Paris Olympics from July 26 to Aug. 11.

两位领导人共同呼吁“奥林匹克休战”——在7月26日至8月11日的巴黎奥运会期间，全球停火止战。

Mr. Macron noted the gastronomic passions shared by the two countries, and offered Mr. Xi a couple of bottles of Cognac.

马克龙提到了两国对美食的共同热情，并向习近平赠送了几瓶干邑白兰地。

China started an anti-dumping investigation this year targeting European brandy — French Cognacs for the most part — after the European Union began an investigation into fast-growing subsidized electric car imports from China. This could lead to the imposition of European tariffs this year. Mr. Macron, thanking Mr. Xi for his “openness” on the Cognac question, suggested that the threat of Chinese tariffs had been staved off for the time being.

中国今年启动了一项针对欧洲白兰地——主要是法国干邑——的反倾销调查，此前欧盟开始对快速增长的中国进口补贴电动汽车展开调查。这可能导致欧洲在今年对其征收关税。马克龙感谢习近平在干邑白兰地问题上的“开放”态度，暗示中国关税的威胁暂时得到了避免。

Mr. Macron, who wants to build a sovereign “Europe power” beholden neither to the United States nor China and pursuing its own interests with the military and industrial strength to do so, was, however, less effusive about relations with China than during a visit to Beijing last year, when the two countries declared a “global strategic partnership.”

马克龙希望建立一个既不依赖美国也不依赖中国的主权“欧洲大国”，并且凭借军事和工业实力来追求自己的利益。但他在谈到与中国的关系时，却没有去年访问北京时那么热情，当时两国宣布建立“全球战略伙伴关系”。

“There can be no long-term exchange without reciprocity,” Mr. Macron said at the business summit, adding that his goal was to “rebalance” trade between the two countries.

“没有互惠就没有长期的交流，”马克龙在商业峰会上说，并说他的目标是“重新平衡”两国之间的贸易。

France has an almost $50 billion trade deficit with China; Europe’s deficit with China has tripled to close to $325 billion over the past five years. The level of French investments in China is three times as much as China’s investment in France.

法国对中国的贸易逆差接近500亿美元；欧洲对中国的贸易逆差在过去五年中增长了两倍，接近3250亿美元。法国对中国的投资是中国对法国投资的三倍。

周一，马克龙（右二）和习近平（左二）与代表们在爱丽舍宫的工作会议上。

“There is an opportunity for a balanced partnership between France and China,” Bruno Le Maire, the French finance minister, said at the meeting with business executives. “We are right now far from that balance.”

“法国和中国之间存在建立平衡伙伴关系的机会，”法国财政部长布鲁诺·勒梅尔在与企业高管举行的会议上表示。 “我们现在离这种平衡还很远。”

A number of agreements between French and Chinese companies were announced, including several related to battery production, transportation and green energy. Mr. Macron called on Chinese companies to increase investments in France in the areas of electric batteries and vehicles, solar panels and computing, so long as the investments were made “in full respect of our sovereignty.”

双方宣布中法两国企业签署了多项协议，其中包括与电池生产、交通运输和绿色能源有关的协议。马克龙呼吁中国企业增加在法国电池、汽车、太阳能电池板和计算机等领域的投资，只要这些投资是“充分尊重我们的主权”。

Ms. von der Leyen also took a firm line on trade. Tensions are high between the 27-nation European Union and China because heavily subsidized Chinese manufacturing and weak domestic demand have led to a big export push from Beijing.

冯德莱恩在贸易问题上也立场坚定。欧盟27国与中国之间的关系高度紧张，因为中国制造业受到大量补贴，加上国内需求疲软，导致北京大力推动出口。

“These subsidized products — such as electric vehicles or, for example, steel — are flooding the European market,” Ms. von der Leyen said. “At the same time, China continues to massively support its manufacturing sector, and this is combined with domestic demand that is not increasing.”

“这些补贴产品——比如电动汽车或钢铁——正在涌入欧洲市场，”冯德莱恩说。“与此同时，中国继续大力支持其制造业，而国内需求没有增长。”

“The world,” she declared, “cannot absorb China’s surplus production.”

“世界无法吸收中国的过剩生产，”她宣称。

The war in Ukraine has put great pressure on European economies — as has the consequent need to shift energy supplies after most of the continent stopped buying from Russia. Inflation has risen, and the fear that China could put companies out of business has risen along with it.

乌克兰的战争给欧洲经济带来了巨大的压力——在欧洲大陆大部分国家停止从俄罗斯购买能源后，需要调整能源供应。通胀上升，对中国可能导致企业倒闭的担忧也随之上升。

“Europe cannot accept market-distorting practices that could lead to deindustrialization here at home,” Ms. von der Leyen said, adding that “Europe will not waver from making tough decisions needed to protect its economy and security.”

“欧洲不能接受可能导致国内去工业化的扭曲市场的做法，”冯德莱恩说。她还表示，“欧洲将坚定不移地做出保护其经济和安全所需的艰难决定。”