The chief executives who accompanied President Trump to a meeting and grand banquet in China last week were seeking to curry favor with both the Trump administration and the Chinese government, keenly aware that the support of either could make or break their businesses.

上周陪同特朗普总统在中国参加会议和盛大宴会的首席执行官们正试图同时讨好特朗普政府和中国政府，他们敏锐地意识到，任何一方的支持都可能决定其企业的成败。

But the delegation — which included executives from Boeing, Apple, Nvidia, Cargill and other firms — arrived in Beijing with a variety of commercial complaints about doing business in China, some of which are public, some of which have not been previously reported.

但这个包括波音、苹果、英伟达、嘉吉及其他公司高管在内的代表团抵达北京时，却带着对在中国做生意的各种商业抱怨，其中一些是已经公开的，有些则是以前从未报道过的。

In recent weeks, the Chinese government has blocked exports of high-end solar manufacturing equipment from a Chinese supplier, Suzhou Maxwell Technologies, to Tesla, the Elon Musk-led automaker, according to a person familiar with the matter who was not authorized to speak publicly. As part of its solar and energy storage business, Tesla had been looking to buy nearly $3 billion worth of manufacturing equipment from Suzhou Maxwell to build products that would further enable the transition to sustainable energy and bring about 100 gigawatts of solar capacity to the United States.

据一位不愿公开身份的知情人士透露，最近几周，中国政府阻止了中国供应商苏州迈为科技向埃隆·马斯克的汽车制造商特斯拉出口高端太阳能制造设备。作为其太阳能和储能业务的一部分，特斯拉一直希望从苏州迈为购买价值近30亿美元的制造设备，生产能够进一步推动向可持续能源过渡的产品，并为美国带来约100吉瓦的太阳能产能。

Tesla also has major business interests in China — its Shanghai factory is its largest — but Mr. Musk visited China with the hope of unblocking those solar manufacturing exports, the person said. There’s no indication yet that his efforts were successful. Mr. Musk and Tesla did not respond to requests for comment.

特斯拉在中国也有重大的商业利益，其上海工厂是该公司最大的工厂，但该人士表示，马斯克访问中国是希望解封这些太阳能制造设备的出口。目前还没有迹象表明他的努力取得了成功。马斯克和特斯拉没有回应置评请求。

A spokesperson for the Chinese embassy in Washington said they weren’t familiar with the situation, but that China welcomed foreign companies to do business in China as long as they complied with laws and regulations.

中国驻华盛顿大使馆的一位发言人表示，他们不了解具体情况，但只要遵守法律法规，中国欢迎外国企业来华开展业务。

Other companies in attendance had their own complaints. Coherent, a Pennsylvania semiconductor firm that was included in the delegation, has been struggling to obtain indium phosphide, a material exported by China that is necessary to make photonic chips for data centers, other people said. China has also not yet approved purchases of Nvidia’s H200 chips, though earlier this year, the U.S. government approved the company to sell them to major Chinese tech firms including Alibaba, Tencent and ByteDance.

出席会议的其他公司也有各自的抱怨。代表团中的宾夕法尼亚州半导体公司Coherent一直难以获得磷化铟，这种由中国出口的材料是制造数据中心光子芯片所必需的。中国也尚未批准采购英伟达的H200芯片，尽管今年早些时候，美国政府已批准该公司将这些芯片出售给包括阿里巴巴、腾讯和字节跳动在内的中国主要科技公司。

Last year, China lifted an export ban it had placed on Illumina, a biotech company present in the delegation, after Mr. Trump imposed tariffs on China last year. But the company is still on China’s “unreliable entity list,” meaning some of its products cannot be purchased in China without government approval.

去年在特朗普对中国征收关税后，中国解除了对代表团中的生物技术公司因美纳的出口禁令。但该公司仍在中国的“不可靠实体清单”上，这意味着如果没有政府批准，其部分产品无法在中国购买。

Chinese officials have ordered that Meta, also in attendance, unwind its acquisition of the artificial intelligence firm Manus, over concerns about A.I. expertise flowing out of China. It opened an antitrust investigation last year into the chip company Qualcomm. And the Chinese government has deemed products made by Micron, a semiconductor maker in attendance, to be a security risk, meaning Micron can’t sell to certain Chinese companies engaged in critical infrastructure.

中国官员已下令同样在代表团中的Meta公司取消对人工智能公司Manus的收购，因为担心人工智能专业技术流出中国。去年，中国对芯片公司高通发起了反垄断调查。此外，中国政府认定代表团中的半导体制造商美光生产的产品存在安全风险，这意味着美光不能向从事关键基础设施的特定中国公司销售产品。

Other issues have persisted longer. Boeing had not had a meaningful sale in China for roughly a decade, a result of geopolitical tensions and the company’s safety issues.

其他问题更是由来已久。由于地缘政治紧张局势和公司自身安全问题，波音公司在大约十年时间里在中国一直没有取得实质性的销售。

Visa, unlike its chief rival Mastercard, has never received a license to independently settle credit card transactions in Chinese currency — even though the World Trade Organization ruled more than a decade ago that China was discriminating against foreign credit card companies. Mr. Trump said in an interview last week that he had raised Visa’s issues in his talks with Chinese officials.

与主要竞争对手万事达不同，维萨从未获得过以人民币独立结算信用卡交易的牌照——尽管世界贸易组织在十多年前就裁定中国歧视外国信用卡公司。特朗普在上周的采访中表示，他在与中国官员的会谈中提出了维萨的问题。

BlackRock, another company in the delegation, has faced objections from the Chinese government to its bid to acquire dozens of ports from Hong Kong-based CK Hutchison. Like many manufacturers, GE Aerospace is facing trouble obtaining rare earth elements needed for its engines, the supply of which China dominates. Cargill and other agricultural firms have seen their sales to China suffer as the country retaliated against Mr. Trump’s tariffs last year.

代表团中的另一家公司贝莱德因试图收购总部位于香港的长江和记旗下的数十个港口而面临中国政府反对。和许多制造商一样，通用电气航空航天也面临获取发动机所需稀土元素的困难，而中国主导着稀土的供应。随着中国对特朗普去年的关税政策进行报复，嘉吉和其他农业公司的对华销售也受到了冲击。

“They were there to solve specific bottlenecks,” Alison Szalwinski, vice president at the Asia Group, a Washington consulting firm, said of the chief executives.

“他们去那里是为了解决具体的瓶颈问题，”华盛顿咨询公司亚洲集团副总裁艾莉森·斯扎尔温斯基在谈到这些首席执行官时说。

“Some of those companies were dealing with licensing issues, market access and supply chain approvals, all being done on a case-by-case basis,” she said. “Many of them expect to be able to move the ball forward on several of those issues.”

“其中一些公司正面临许可问题、市场准入和供应链审批，所有这些都在逐案处理，”她说。“他们当中许多人希望能在其中几个问题上取得进展。”

Multinational companies that are trying to do business in both countries have often been the casualty of geopolitical tensions between the United States and China. The Chinese government has taken some of these actions to protect its companies from foreign competitors, while others have come in response to U.S. tariffs, sanctions or penalties against Chinese firms.

试图在两国做生意的跨国公司往往成为美中地缘政治紧张局势的牺牲品。中国政府采取部分措施是为了保护本国企业免受外国竞争对手的冲击，另一些则是在回应美国针对中国企业实施的关税、制裁或处罚。

英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋在最后一刻收到了特朗普政府的邀请，加入此次行程。

China is one of America’s biggest trading partners, but also increasingly recognized as its main strategic rival. In the lead-up to the summit, U.S. officials debated whether doing more business with the country would help the United States or increase its vulnerabilities. But with Mr. Trump and the Chinese president, Xi Jinping, set to meet multiple times this year, some companies are hoping for steadier relations.

中国是美国最大的贸易伙伴之一，但也日益被视为其主要战略竞争对手。在峰会召开之前，美国官员曾就扩大对华贸易是否有助于美国或令美国脆弱而展开辩论。但随着特朗普与中国国家主席习近平定于今年进行多次会晤，一些公司希望两国能建立更稳定的关系。

So far, it’s not clear much has changed. After the meeting last week, the U.S. and China announced sales of American agricultural goods and airplanes to China — though the 200 Boeing airplanes that China committed to buying was lower than what some expected before the summit. Chinese regulators also appeared to have moved in recent days toward approving an application by Citi to set up its own securities firm in China. On other issues, nothing has yet been announced.

到目前为止，情况似乎并未发生太大变化。在上周的会晤之后，美中宣布了美国向中国出售农产品和飞机的消息，尽管中国承诺购买200架波音飞机低于一些人在此次峰会前的预期。中国监管机构近日似乎也在推进批准花旗集团在中国设立自己证券公司的申请。在其他问题上，目前尚未发布任何消息。

Industry executives say that many of the companies that were included in the trip had expressed their interest in joining or been contacted by David Perdue, the U.S. ambassador to China, as well as Scott Bessent, the Treasury secretary, and Jamieson Greer, the trade representative.

行业高管表示，许多参与此次行程的公司都曾表达过加入的兴趣，或者被美国驻华大使庞德伟(David Perdue)、财政部长斯科特·贝森特以及贸易代表杰米森·格里尔联系过。

But a week before the high-level visit between Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi, no chief executives had yet received an invitation.

但在特朗普和习近平的此次高层会晤前一周，还没有任何首席执行官收到邀请。

On Monday, two days before the president departed, the White House announced a list of 17 attendees. Noticeably absent was Jensen Huang, the chief executive of Nvidia, whose chip sales to China have been a source of controversy inside and outside the administration. But Mr. Trump noticed his omission, and put in a last-minute call to Mr. Huang on Tuesday. Mr. Huang then met Air Force One as it refueled in Alaska.

周一，也就是总统出发前两天，白宫公布了一份包括17人的名单。值得注意的是，英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋不在其列，这家公司对中国的芯片销售一直是政府内外的争议焦点。但特朗普注意到了他的缺席，并在周二最后一刻给黄仁勋打了电话。随后，黄仁勋登上了在阿拉斯加加油的空军一号。

While all of the companies that attended the summit have important commercial business in China, those familiar with the trip cautioned that many came simply to generate good will with the Chinese and American governments, or to act as a friend to the president — including Mr. Huang and Steve Schwarzman of the private equity firm Blackstone Group.

尽管所有出席峰会的公司在中国都有重要的商业业务，但熟悉此次行程的人士提到，许多人只是为了经营与中美两国政府的关系，或者以总统朋友的身份随行——包括黄仁勋和私募股权公司黑石集团的苏世民(Steve Schwarzman)。

Most were on the ground in China for less than 48 hours, but the events were not without drama. The chief executives in the delegation had been planning to attend a meeting on Thursday afternoon with a Chinese official, Li Qiang, then proceed straight to the grand banquet hosted in the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square.

大多数人在中国的停留时间不到48小时，但活动并非没有戏剧性。代表团中的首席执行官们原计划周四下午与中国官员李强举行会见，然后直接前往在天安门广场的人民大会堂举行的盛大晚宴。

But on Thursday morning, just hours before Mr. Trump was set to meet Mr. Xi in the heart of Beijing, assistants to some of America’s most powerful chief executives received a surprise late-night phone call from the White House.

但在周四上午，也就是特朗普准备在北京中心地带会见习近平的几个小时前，一些美国最有权势的首席执行官的助理意外接到了白宫深夜打来的一个电话。

The White House informed them that plans had changed: Mr. Trump wanted the chief executives to accompany him the next morning to his welcome ceremony meeting with Mr. Xi in the morning as well.

白宫通知他们计划有变：特朗普希望首席执行官们第二天早上也陪同他参加与习近平的欢迎仪式和会面。

The next morning, Tim Cook, Mr. Musk and others stood on the steps of the Great Hall of the People just behind the secretaries of state and Treasury and other officials, as they shook hands with Mr. Xi, then filtered into the great hall. Seated at a giant rectangular table, Mr. Trump said that he had brought “the greatest businessmen, the biggest, and I guess the best, in the world.”

第二天早上，蒂姆·库克、马斯克等人在与习近平握手后，站在国务卿和财政部长等官员身后的人民大会堂台阶上，然后鱼贯进入大会堂。坐在一张巨大的长方形桌子旁，特朗普说，他带来了“世界上最伟大、最大、也是我认为最好的商人”。

“I didn’t want the second or the third in the company, I wanted only the top, and they’re here today to pay respects to you and to China,” Mr. Trump told Mr. Xi. “And they look forward to trade and doing business.”

“我不要公司里的二把手或三把手，我只要最大的那个。他们今天来到这里向你、向中国致敬，”特朗普对习近平说。“他们期待贸易和良好的商业往来。”

Because their attendance was arranged last minute, the executives were held up as they tried to enter the hall. The White House wanted to bring them into the meeting in groups, and officials from Boeing, GE Aerospace and Cargill were brought in first. Then, the rest of the executives were unexpectedly summoned together, a request that necessitated some being rushed from a separate waiting room.

由于他们的出席是临时安排的，这些高管在试图进入大厅时被耽搁了。白宫希望将他们分批带入会议室，来自波音、通用电气航空航天和嘉吉的高管被首先带入。随后，其余的高管被临时召集到一起，这一要求使得一些人不得不从另一间等候室匆忙赶来。

There weren’t enough chairs for all of them, so the executives had to stand. Each spoke in turn about their company and their issues. Mr. Xi responded with comments about the companies and their history, people with knowledge of the meeting said.

由于没有足够的椅子，高管们只能站着。每个人依次谈论了他们的公司及其面临的问题。据了解会议情况的人士透露，习近平对这些公司及其历史作出了回应和评论。

Back in Washington, Peter Navarro, the White House adviser, said in an interview on CNBC that “the Schwarzmans and the Finks and the Musks and the Apple guys that go over there on that trip, I mean, that was, that was embarrassing for those guys. I mean, they weren’t even let into the room at one point.”

在华盛顿，白宫顾问彼得·纳瓦罗在接受CNBC采访时表示，“这次去的苏世民们、芬克们、马斯克们以及苹果的人，我的意思是，这对他们来说太尴尬了。我是说，他们一度连进都不让进。”

“The Chinese do not view those folks as anything more than useful idiots,” he added. “They don’t have that kind of self-awareness, but that’s how they’re viewed, and it’s fraught when we take our technology over there.”

“中国人只把这些人看作是‘有用的傻子’，”他补充道。“他们没有那种自知之明，但这正是他们被看待的方式。我们把技术带到那里去就没好事。”

The executives disagreed. On Thursday, as some left the Great Hall of the People, reporters shouted questions asking how the meetings had gone. Mr. Cook flashed a peace sign, then a thumbs up.

高管们并不同意这种说法。周四，当一些人离开人民大会堂时，记者大声提问会议进行得如何。库克比了个表示胜利的“V”字手势，然后竖起了大拇指。

Mr. Musk said that they had achieved “many good things.”

马斯克说，他们取得了“许多好成果”。

“Mr. Xi and President Trump were incredible,” Mr. Huang added.

“习近平主席和特朗普总统太不可思议了，”黄仁勋补充道。