The Trump administration has begun arresting foreign citizens with expired U.S. visas as they travel through airports, including spouses of Americans, according to documents obtained by The New York Times and interviews with immigration lawyers — a tactic that opens up a vast new pool of people for deportation.

根据《纽约时报》获得的文件及对移民律师的采访，特朗普政府已开始在机场逮捕持过期美国签证的外国公民，其中包括美国公民的配偶——这一策略大幅扩大了可被驱逐出境的人群范围。

Immigration agents in plain clothes have whisked away targets at check-in counters and arrival gates, with enforcement actions in at least 15 airports in recent weeks. Some of the arrests have occurred quietly, while others have happened as angry fellow passengers filmed the encounters.

近几周来，身着便衣的移民执法人员已在至少15座机场采取行动，在值机柜台和到达出口将目标人员带走。有些逮捕行动悄无声息地进行，另一些则被愤怒的其他乘客拍下现场画面。

The recent arrests appear to be an expansion of an arrangement between the Transportation Security Administration and Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The Times reported in December that ICE officers were arresting people with deportation orders at airports with the help of information provided by airlines to the T.S.A.

近期的逮捕行动似乎是运输安全管理局(TSA)和移民与海关执法局(ICE)合作安排的扩展版本。《纽约时报》去年12月曾报道，ICE利用航空公司向TSA提供的信息，在机场逮捕已收到驱逐令的人员。

Now, through a review of Homeland Security Department documents and interviews with lawyers for more than 25 people from more than a dozen countries recently detained at airports, The Times has learned that the program apparently now includes people with expired visas — a much larger group.

现在，通过查阅国土安全部文件，以及对近期在机场被拘留的、来自十多个国家的25名人士的律师进行采访，《纽约时报》了解到，该计划显然已将持过期签证者纳入目标——这是一个规模大得多的群体。

Hundreds of thousands of immigrants and visitors overstay visas each year. Many with expired visas occupy a legal gray area, as they are awaiting visa extensions or green cards and have been issued work permits. Such individuals were not prioritized for deportation in the past unless they had committed crimes, and they were rarely detained while waiting for visa extensions or green cards. But that has changed under President Trump, whose administration has undertaken a campaign of mass deportation and views all visa overstays as illegal.

每年有数十万移民和访客逾期滞留。许多持过期签证者处于法律灰色地带：他们正在等待签证延期或绿卡，并已获得工作许可。过去，此类人员除非有犯罪记录，否则不属于遣返优先对象，且在等待签证延期或绿卡期间极少遭到拘押。但在特朗普总统任内，情况发生变化，政府开展大规模驱逐行动，将所有签证逾期者视为非法居留。

“This administration is working diligently to ensure that aliens in our country illegally can no longer fly unless it is out of our country to self-deport,” a spokesperson for the Homeland Security Department said in a statement. The agency did not confirm the expansion of the program.

国土安全部发言人在一份声明中表示：“本届政府正全力确保非法滞留我国的外国人今后不能再乘坐飞机，除非他们乘坐的是离开美国、自行遣返的航班。”不过，该部并未证实这项计划已经扩大。

The department, which oversees ICE, has not disclosed how many people have been detained at airports as overstays under the new initiative. The arrests come during a period in which the White House has pushed ICE for more arrests across the country, and Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin has pledged to turn “up the heat on the streets.” To that end, the administration has set a target of 2,000 immigration arrests a day, roughly double the pace from earlier this year.

负责监管ICE的国土安全部没有透露根据这项新举措在机场拘留了多少逾期居留者。这些逮捕发生之际，白宫正要求ICE在全国加大执法力度，国土安全部长马克韦恩·马林也承诺要进一步“加大街头执法力度”。为此，政府已将每日移民逮捕目标设定为2000人，约为今年早些时候的两倍。

Interviews with more than a dozen immigration attorneys, advocacy organizations and an airline employee reveal a broad cross-section of targets: an engineer awaiting a work-visa extension, several newlyweds married to U.S. citizens, and a former au pair.

对十多名移民律师、倡导组织及一名航空公司员工的采访显示，目标群体十分广泛：一名等待工作签证延期的工程师、数名与美国公民新婚的人士，以及一名前互惠生。

Footage of encounters between travelers and ICE officers have flooded social media. In one widely circulated video, Chantal Morales Rojas, a 27-year-old from Ecuador, was detained by plainclothes officers as she boarded a Southwest Airlines flight from Denver to Oakland, Calif., on July 20. She had been spending the weekend with the family for whom she had worked as an au pair, according to the family.

ICE执法人员与旅客之间的冲突视频在社交媒体上大量流传。在一段广为传播的视频中，7月20日，27岁的厄瓜多尔女子尚塔尔·莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯在从丹佛飞往加州奥克兰，她在登上西南航空公司的航班时被便衣特工拦下带走。据她曾担任互惠生的那户人家称，事发时她正和他们一起过周末。

When Ms. Morales Rojas scanned her boarding pass, an alarm sounded and the gate agent asked her to wait. Moments later, two plainclothes agents intercepted her in the jetway.

当莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯扫描登机牌时，警报骤然响起，登机口工作人员要求她稍等。几分钟后，两名便衣执法人员在廊桥处将她截住。

“They said they were going to be respectful, that they would be polite,” Alicia Dantzker, a friend of the family, who was on the same flight and filmed part of the encounter, told The Times in an interview. The video captures the men encircling Ms. Morales Rojas, and then ushering her through a side door and down steps to the tarmac as Ms. Dantzker screams for help.

“他们说会尊重她，会礼貌对待她。”这户人家的朋友、当时也在同一航班上的艾丽西亚·丹茨克在采访中告诉《纽约时报》。她拍摄了部分过程，视频显示，两名男子将莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯围住，随后带着她穿过一道侧门，沿楼梯走向停机坪，丹茨克则不断高喊求救。

Also among those detained was a Ugandan woman in a wheelchair who has sickle cell anemia and an active asylum application, according to her lawyer.

另一名被拘留者是一名坐轮椅的乌干达女性，她患有镰状细胞贫血症，且有一份正在处理中的庇护申请。她的律师证实了这一情况。

In another case, ICE attempted to arrest an Australian citizen who had overstayed his visa at the Las Vegas airport, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The scene was recorded by a bystander whose video of the encounter drew wide attention. Officers let him go “to de-escalate the situation and for officer safety,” but ICE ended up taking him into custody a day later when he tried to board a flight in Los Angeles,the department said in a statement.

另一起案例中，国土安全部表示，移民执法局曾试图在拉斯维加斯机场逮捕一名签证过期的澳大利亚公民。一名旁观者拍摄了事发经过，这段视频引起了广泛关注。国土安全部在声明中表示，为“缓和局势、确保执法人员安全”，暂时将其释放，但第二天当他在洛杉矶试图登机时，ICE最终将其拘留。

“In 38 years practicing immigration law, I had never seen this,” said Charles Kuck, who is based in Atlanta and is representing an Indian engineer who was detained while awaiting a work-permit extension. “And I know it’s happening to lots of people.”

“从事移民法律执业38年来，我从未见过这种情况，”亚特兰大的移民律师查尔斯·库克表示，他正代理一名在等待工作许可延期时被拘留的印度工程师。“而且我知道这正发生在很多人身上。”

Shannon Shepherd, an immigration lawyer who is vice chair for the Chicago chapter of the American Immigration Lawyers Association, said she and other lawyers were revising longstanding advice about domestic air travel.

美国移民律师协会芝加哥分会副主席、移民律师香农·谢泼德表示，她和同行都正在修改长期以来关于国内乘机出行的建议。

“Before, I was saying, ‘As long as you have an ID, you can travel domestically,’” Ms. Shepherd said. “Now I am turning around and saying, ‘If you are in the process of changing status, avoid any travel.’”

“以前，我都会说：‘只要有身份证件，就可以乘坐美国国内航班，’”谢泼德说，“现在我却要反过来说：‘如果你正在办理身份变更，最好避免任何旅行。’”

The original collaboration between T.S.A. and ICE began in May 2025, when the airport security agency started sharing information with the immigration agency for enforcement purposes, according to a document obtained via the Freedom of Information Act from the government transparency group American Oversight and shared with The Times.

根据政府透明倡导组织"美国监督"依据《信息自由法》获取并与本报共享的一份文件，TSA与ICE的最初合作始于2025年5月。当时，机场安检机构开始向移民执法机构共享信息，以便进行执法行动。

ICE shared names of individuals with deportation orders with the airport agency, which would run them through its databases and report any hits to ICE for potential arrest. It was a remarkable shift from past practices, when the federal government avoided involving the T.S.A. in immigration enforcement for fear of disrupting domestic travel.

ICE将身负驱逐令的人员名单提供给机场安全机构，后者在其数据库中比对，并将匹配结果报告ICE以便实施逮捕。这是对以往做法的重大转变——为避免扰乱国内出行秩序，联邦政府过去刻意回避将TSA卷入移民执法。

Now, “the net they are casting for people they want to detain is far wider,” said Ghassan Shamieh, an immigration lawyer in San Francisco.

“他们如今撒网捕人的范围要广泛得多，”旧金山移民律师加桑·沙米耶说。

“It’s not people with criminal records” being targeted, Mr. Shamieh said. “You are talking about people with legitimate pending applications.”

“他们针对的并不是有犯罪记录的人，”沙米耶说。“而是那些有合法待审申请的人。”

Mr. Shamieh has four clients who were detained at airports in the last 10 days, including two women who recently married Americans and are in the process of obtaining permanent residency through their spouses. One of the husbands was with his wife when she was taken into custody after they landed in Burbank, Calif.

沙米耶表示，过去10天内，他有四名当事人在机场遭到拘留，其中包括两名刚与美国公民结婚、正在通过配偶申请永久居民身份的女性。其中一名女性在抵达加州伯班克机场后被拘留，当时她的丈夫就在她身边。

On Tuesday morning, an immigration judge granted her release on a $35,000 bond. But D.H.S. lawyers reserved the right to appeal within 30 days, and she is likely to remain detained until they decide.

周二上午，一名移民法官准予她以3.5万美元保释金获释。但国土安全部律师保留30天内提出上诉的权利，因此在他们决定是否上诉之前，她很可能仍会继续被拘留。

Ms. Morales Rojas, the au pair, entered the United States lawfully in January 2023 as a J-1 exchange visitor, a legal status that allowed her to work for two years, according to her lawyer. Her visa expired Jan. 4, 2025, according to D.H.S. Before the exchange program ended, Ms. Morales Rojas filed an application with immigration authorities to remain in the country, said the lawyer, Laura Lichter.

互惠生莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯的律师劳拉·利希特介绍，她于2023年1月持J-1交流访问者签证合法入境美国，该签证允许其在美工作两年。国土安全部文件显示，她的签证于2025年1月4日到期。律师表示，在交流项目结束前，莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯已向移民当局提交了留美申请。

“During the last three and a half years, Morales Rojas lived openly in the United States with the government’s knowledge of her pending case, passed repeated background checks, and received work authorization from D.H.S. while waiting for her application to be reviewed,” Ms. Lichter said. “The process she’s pursuing is completely lawful.”

利希特说：“在过去三年半里，莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯一直公开生活在美国，政府也知道她的申请正在处理中。她通过了多次背景审查，并且在等待申请审核期间获得了国土安全部批准的工作许可。她正在进行的程序完全合法。”

But homeland security officials said in a statement that “in violation of our nation’s laws, she overstayed her visa.” On Tuesday afternoon, a judge granted her release on a $3,000 bond, and she is likely to leave detention by Wednesday.

但国土安全部官员在声明中表示，她“违反美国法律，逾期滞留”。周二下午，一名法官裁定准予她以3000美元保释金获释，她有望在周三前离开拘留所。

Ms. Lichter has filed suit challenging the government’s decision to arrest and detain Ms. Morales Rojas without a proper arrest warrant and without an individualized determination that detention was necessary.

利希特已提起诉讼，质疑政府在没有适当逮捕令、也未对拘留必要性进行个案裁定的情况下逮捕和拘留莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯的决定。

Lauren and Scott Cahr, her former employers, said they had hired Ms. Morales Rojas when their first child, Silas, was 6 months old. The Cahrs said in an interview that they had flown Ms. Morales Rojas to Denver during an Ultimate Frisbee tournament that they attended, and she had helped care for Silas and his little brother.

她以前的雇主劳伦和斯科特·卡尔夫妇表示，他们在第一个孩子西拉斯6个月大时雇用了莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯。卡尔夫妇在采访中说，他们带莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯一起飞往丹佛参加一场极限飞盘比赛，她在那里帮助照顾西拉斯以及他的弟弟。

劳伦和斯科特·卡尔夫妇为莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯制作的定制相册。这对夫妇曾雇佣她照看他们的孩子。

The family formed a deep bond, and the Cahrs created a custom photo book titled “The Adventures of Chanty and Gordo,” the nicknames Ms. Morales Rojas and their son called each other, as a parting gift.

这个家庭与她建立了深厚的情感纽带，卡尔夫妇还制作了一本定制相册，题为《尚蒂和戈多的冒险》——这是莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯和他们的儿子彼此之间的昵称——作为临别礼物。

“She is an amazing young woman who we were so lucky to have in our lives,” Ms. Cahr said. “We have tried to maintain a consistent relationship with her.”

“她是一位非常优秀的年轻女性，我们非常幸运能够让她进入我们的生活，”卡尔女士说。“我们一直努力保持与她的联系。”

Ms. Cahr has visited Ms. Morales Rojas in detention, while members of the Cahrs’ Ultimate Frisbee community have launched a GoFundMe campaign to help cover legal costs.

卡尔女士曾去拘留所探望莫拉莱斯·罗哈斯，卡尔夫妇所在的极限飞盘社群成员已发起GoFundMe众筹活动，帮助支付她的法律费用。